Objective assessment of childhood adherence to Canadian physical activity guidelines in relation to body composition

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy Diane Marie Wittmeier ◽  
Rebecca Christine Mollard ◽  
Dean Johannes Kriellaars
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
School Year ◽  
Childhood Physical Activity

Low levels of childhood physical activity (PA) are a contributing factor to obesity. The objective of this study was to determine the adherence of children to PA guidelines in relation to body composition. Body fat (Slaughter equation) and body mass index (BMI) were determined during the school year (n = 251, ages 8–11 y). Daily energy expenditure (EE, kcal·kg–1·d–1) and activity time (AT, min·d–1) above moderate and vigorous intensity thresholds were assessed (accelerometry). Using EE criteria, 35.9% expended < 3.0 kcal·kg–1·d–1, 27.9% expended between 3.0 and 5.9 kcal·kg–1·d–1, 13.5% expended between 6.0 and 7.9 kcal·kg–1·d–1, and 22.9% expended ≥ 8.0 kcal·kg–1·d–1. Using AT criteria, 52.2% accumulated < 30.0 min, 31.1% accumulated 30.0–59.9 min, 12.7% accumulated 60.0–89.9 min, and 4.0% accumulated ≥ 90.0 min of AT. The EE corresponding to accumulation of AT > 90 min was 14.8 kcal·kg–1·d–1. The AT corresponding to ≥ 8 kcal·kg–1·d–1 was 73.0 min. Inverse relationships were observed between EE and body fat (p = 0.0004), BMI (p = 0.002), mass (p = 0.008), and fat mass index (FMI) (p = 0.001), as well as between AT and body fat (p = 0.001), BMI (p = 0.008), mass (p = 0.017), and FMI (p = 0.002). Controlling for BMI, FMI was inversely related to EE (p = 0.049) and AT (p = 0.039). Fat-free mass index and AT were positively related (p = 0.038). Physical activity had beneficial effects on body composition for children independent of BMI. The relationship between AT and daily EE guidelines was rationalized (60 min·d–1 with 8 kcal·kg–1·d–1) and demonstrated association with acceptable body composition. The 60 min·d–1 of moderate activity may be a more suitable initial target than 90 min·d–1, as so few children met the upper tiers of PA guidelines.

Energy Expenditure and Body Fat Distribution in Mohawk Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Michael I. Goran ◽  
Mary Kaskoun ◽  
Rachel Johnson ◽  
Charlene Martinez ◽  
Benson Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass

Objective. Epidemiologic studies suggest that Native Americans, including the Mohawk people, have a high prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk. However, current information on alterations in related variables such as energy metabolism and body composition in Native Americans is almost exclusively limited to already obese Pima adults living in the Southwest. The aim of this study was to characterize energy metabolism and body composition in young Mohawk children (17 girls, 11 boys; aged 4 to 7 years) as compared to Caucasian children (36 girls, 34 boys; aged 4 to 7 years). Total energy expenditure was measured by doubly labeled water, postprandial resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry, and activity energy expenditure was derived from the difference between total and resting energy expenditure. Fat and fat free mass were estimated from bioelectrical resistance, and body fat distribution was estimated from skinfolds and circumferences. Results. There were no significant effects of ethnic background or sex on body weight, height, or body mass index. Fat free mass was significantly higher in boys and fat mass was significantly higher in girls, with no effect of ethnic background. Chest skinfold thickness, the ratio of trunk skinfolds:extremity skinfolds, and the waist:hip ratio were significantly higher in Mohawk children by 2.5 mm, 0.09 units, and 0.03 units, respectively, independent of sex and fat mass. Total energy expenditure was significantly higher in Mohawk children compared to Caucasian (100 kcal/day in girls, 150 kcal/day in boys), independent of fat free mass and sex, due to a significantly higher physical activity-related energy expenditure. Conclusion. These data suggest that: 1) body fat is more centrally distributed in Mohawk relative to Caucasian children, and this effect is independent of sex and body fat content; 2) Mohawk children have a greater total energy expenditure than Caucasian children, independent of fat free mass, due to greater physical activity-related energy expenditure.

scholarly journals Eating-Disordered Behavior in Adolescents: Associations with Body Image, Body Composition and Physical Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6665
Author(s):  
Eliška Štefanová ◽  
Peter Bakalár ◽  
Tibor Baška
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Eating Disordered

Eating disorders (EDs) represent a disparate group of mental health problems that significantly impair physical health or psychosocial functioning. The aim of this study was to present some evidence about the prevalence of eating-disordered behavior (EDB) in adolescents, and explore its associations with body image (BI), body composition (BC) and physical activity (PA) in this age group. Data from 780 adolescents participating in a health behavior in school-aged children (HBSC) study conducted in Slovakia in 2018 were used (mean age 13.5 ± 1.3; 56% boys). Differences in mean values of numerical indicators were evaluated using the independent samples t-test. Differences between nominal variables were assessed by the chi-square test. Pearson correlation was used to describe the associations between all the selected variables. EDB was positively screened in 26.7% (208/780) of adolescents, with a higher prevalence in girls (128/344, 37.2%) than in boys (80/436, 18.3%). Significantly higher means of BI, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage (BFP), body fat mass index (BFMI), fat free mass index (FFMI), and SCOFF questionnaire score (SCOFF QS) were found in those positively screened for EDB. Pearson correlation analysis revealed positive associations between EDB and BI, BW, BMI, BFM, BFP and BFMI. The prevalence of EDB is high in Slovak adolescents. Positive associations between EDB, BI, BMI and fat-related body composition parameters support the idea of a more integrated approach in EDs and obesity prevention and treatment. At the same time, gender differences suggest the need for considering gender-specific strategies aimed at girls and boys separately.

Physical Activity, Media Time, and Body Composition in Young Children

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate A. Heelan ◽  
Joey C. Eisenmann
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
X Ray

Background:It is uncertain as to whether physical activity (PA) may influence the body composition of young children.Purpose:To determine the association between PA, media time, and body composition in children age 4 to 7 y.Methods:100 children (52 girls, 48 boys) were assessed for body-mass index (BMI), body fat, fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass using dual energy x-ray absorbtiometryptiometry (DXA). PA was monitored using accelerometers and media time was reported by parental proxy.Results:In general, correlations were low to moderate at best (r < 0.51), but in the expected direction. Total media time and TV were significantly associated with BMI (r = 0.51, P < 0.05) and FM (r = 0.29 to 0.30, P < 0.05) in girls. In boys, computer usage was significantly associated with FM in boys (r = 0.31, P < 0.05).Conclusion:The relatively low correlations suggest that other factors may influence the complex, multi-factorial body composition phenotype of young children.

Comparison of Methods for the Measurement of Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Brazilian Children and Adolescents before and after a Lifestyle Modification Program

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Lyra ◽  
Alexandre José Bonfitto ◽  
Vera Lucia P. Barbosa ◽  
Ana Cristina Bezerra ◽  
Carlos Alberto Longui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Body

Aim: To compare the body composition of overweight children and adolescents by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before and after physical activity program. Methods: One hundred and eleven patients with mean age (SD) of 12 (1.9) participated in the study. We assessed the weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and body composition by DXA and BIA. Patients underwent a program of diet and physical activity (1 h 30 min/day, 3 times a week for 3 months) and were evaluated before and after this period. Results: Mean initial zBMI were 2.3 (0.5) and waist SDS 5.9 (1.8). Significant differences were observed when we compared the measurements taken by DXA and BIA, respectively: total body fat percentage (40 and 31.5) and fat-free mass (43.1 and 50.6 kg). Regarding the trunk fat by DXA, there was a positive correlation with the WC/height ratio (r = 0.65; p < 0.01). After the intervention period, we observed a reduction in the zBMI, waist SDS, and total body fat and increase of fat-free mass by DXA. BIA only detected reduction in fat. Conclusion: BIA underestimates the percentage of fat and overestimates fat-free mass in relation to DXA. There is positive correlation between trunk fat and the ratio WC/height. In addition, DXA detected changes in body composition induced by a short period of physical training, unlike BIA. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

scholarly journals Physical activity and its relation with body composition among undergraduate medical students in Delhi: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4530
Author(s):  
Geeta Yadav ◽  
Suman Bodat ◽  
Ishaan Siwach ◽  
Karan Sachdeva ◽  
Nitesh Chuahan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Physical inactivity and overweight are leading risk factors for global mortality, responsible for 6% and 5% of deaths worldwide due to chronic non communicable diseases. It is well established that regular moderate or vigorous-intensity exercise lowers the risks and symptoms associated with the co-morbidities of obesity. The stress involved in meeting responsibilities of becoming a physician may adversely affect the exercise habits of students. So, the current study aimed to study physical activity and its relation with body composition among under-graduate medical students.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study among 282 medical students. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) Short form was used to measure total physical activity (PA) and body composition parameters including Waist circumference, WHR, BMI, Body Fat% were assessed and analyzed using SPSS version 21.Results: Out of 282 medical students 33%, 45.3%, &21.3% were involved in low, moderate and high physical activity. ANOVAs between different levels of physical activities according to IPAQ categories showed significant difference for Waist Hip Ratio (F:3.8; p=0.02) and Body Fat percentage (F=5.7; p=0.00). There was an inverse and statistically significant correlation between physical activity and Waist circumference, Body Fat% and Waist –Hip Ratio.Conclusions: Medical Students involved in higher level of physical activity have significantly lower body Fat% level and WHR as compared to those belonging to lower and moderate activity group thus there is a need to actively promote physical activity among medical students.

scholarly journals Ketogenic diets, physical activity, and body composition: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-68
Author(s):  
Damoon Ashtary-Larky ◽  
Reza Bagheri ◽  
Hoda Bavi ◽  
Julien S Baker ◽  
Tatiana Moro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Ketogenic Diets

Abstract Obesity remains a serious relevant public health concern throughout the world despite related countermeasures being well understood (i.e., mainly physical activity and an adjusted diet). Among different nutritional approaches, there is a growing interest in ketogenic diets (KDs) to manipulate body mass (BM) and to enhance fat mass (FM) loss. KDs reduce the daily amount of carbohydrate intake drastically. This results in increased fatty acid utilization, leading to an increase in blood ketone bodies (KBs) (acetoacetate [AcAc], 3-β-hydroxybutyrate [BHB], and acetone), and therefore metabolic ketosis. For many years, nutritional intervention studies have focused on reducing dietary fat with little or conflicting positive results over the long-term. Moreover, current nutritional guidelines for athletes propose carbohydrate-based diets to augment muscular adaptations. This review discusses the physiological basis of KDs and their effects on BM reduction and body composition improvements in sedentary individuals combined with different types of exercise (resistance training [RT] or endurance training [ET]) in individuals with obesity and athletes. Ultimately, we discuss the strengths and the weaknesses of these nutritional interventions together with precautionary measures that should be observed in both individuals with obesity and athletic populations. A literature search from 1921 to April 2021 using MEDLINE, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, and SPORTDISCUS databases were used to identify relevant studies. In summary, based on the current evidence, KDs are an efficient method to reduce BM and body fat in both individuals with obesity and athletes. However, these positive impacts are mainly because of the appetite suppressive effects of KDs, which can decrease daily calorie intake. Therefore, KDs do not have any superior benefits to non-KDs in BM and body fat loss in individuals with obesity and athletic populations in an isocaloric situation. In sedentary individuals with obesity, it seems that fat-free mass (FFM) changes appear to be as great, if not greater, than decreases following a low-fat diet (LFD). In terms of lean mass, it seems that following a KD can cause FFM loss in resistance-trained individuals. In contrast, the FFM-preserving effects of KDs are more efficient in endurance-trained compared to resistance-trained individuals.

Capacidades físicas y su relación con la actividad física y composición corporal en adultos (Physical capacities and their relationship with physical activity and body composition in adults)

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 674-683
Author(s):  
Liliana Aracely Enriquez-Del Castillo ◽  
Natanael Cervantes Hernández ◽  
Ramón Candia Luján ◽  
Luis Alberto Flores Olivares
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Physical Capacities

La práctica regular de actividad física sugiere un aumento de la condición física y una mejora de la composición corporal; sin embargo, a pesar de que las personas cumplen con las directrices propuestas no logran obtener buenos indicadores de condición física los cuales brindan más información acerca de la salud. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre las capacidades físicas de fuerza prensil, potencia en piernas, consumo máximo de oxígeno, actividad física con la composición corporal en adultos. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal, se evaluaron 100 adultos, se valoró fuerza prensil con dinamometría, potencia en piernas con tres tipos de saltos, VO2máx, la actividad física por cuestionario IPAQ y la composición corporal con bioimpedancia eléctrica. Resultados: Los varones poseen valores mayores de capacidades físicas, masa magra y actividad física realizada con mayor intensidad en comparación con las mujeres; los resultados muestran una estrecha relación entre la práctica de actividad física realizada con intensidades moderadas y altas en relación a las capacidades físicas de fuerza prensil y potencia en piernas en aquellas personas sin peso bajo u obesidad; Además, en todas éstas, mediante el análisis Post Hoc, se encontró que las diferencias se presentan entre la actividad baja en comparación con la vigorosa y en la moderada con respecto a la vigorosa. Conclusiones: Personas con normo y sobrepeso muestran mejores capacidades físicas, así como valores elevados de actividad física, mientras que altos índices de grasa corporal total y un IMC elevado son un factor determinante para el desarrollo de las mismas.  Abstract: The regular practice of physical activity suggests an increase in physical condition and an improvement in body composition, despite the fact that people comply with the proposed guidelines, they are unable to obtain good indicators of physical fitness, which provide more information about the Health. Objective: To analyze the relationship between physical capacities of grip strength, leg power, maximum oxygen consumption, physical activity and body composition in adults. Methodology: Cross-sectional correlational descriptive study, 100 adults were evaluated, grip strength was assessed with dynamometry, leg power with three types of jumps, VO2max, physical activity by IPAQ questionnaire and body composition with electrical bioimpedance. Results: Men have higher values ​​of physical capacities, lean mass and physical activity carried out with greater intensity compared to women; The results show a close relationship between the practice of physical activity carried out with moderate and high intensities in relation to the physical capacities of grip strength and power in the legs in those without underweight or obesity; In addition, in all of these, by means of Post Hoc analysis, it was found that the differences are presented between low activity compared to vigorous activity and moderate activity compared to vigorous activity. Conclusions: Normal and overweight people show better physical capacities as well as high levels of physical activity, while high levels of total body fat and a high BMI are a determining factor for their development.

scholarly journals Maternal obesity and offspring body composition by indirect methods: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 2073-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Castillo-Laura ◽  
Iná S. Santos ◽  
Lenice C. M. Quadros ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Body Fat Percent ◽  
Maternal Overweight

Abstract This study reviewed the evidence that assessed the association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and/or gestational weight gain and offspring body composition in childhood. A systematic review was conducted. Cohort studies, case-control studies and randomized controlled trials measuring offspring body composition by indirect methods were included. Meta-analyses of the effect of pre-pregnancy BMI on offspring fat-free mass, body fat percent, and fat mass were conducted through random-effects models. 20 studies were included, most of which reported a positive association of pre-pregnancy BMI with offspring body fat. Standardized mean differences in body fat percent, fat mass and fat-free mass between infants of women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI and those of overweight/obese women were 0.31 percent points (95%CI: 0.19; 0.42), 0.38kg (95%CI: 0.26; 0.50), and 0.18kg (95%CI: -0.07; 0.42), respectively. Evidence so far suggests that pre-pregnancy maternal overweight is associated with higher offspring adiposity.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition by Sport-Position in NCAA Division I Basketball Athletes

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fields ◽  
Justin Merrigan ◽  
Jason White ◽  
Margaret Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Within Subjects

The purpose of this study was to assess the body composition of male and female basketball athletes (n = 323) across season, year, and sport-position using air displacement plethysmography. An independent sample t-test assessed sport-position differences. An analysis of variance was used to assess within-subjects across season (pre-season, in-season, and off-season), and academic year (freshman, sophomore, and junior). For both men and women basketball (MBB, WBB) athletes, guards had the lowest body fat, fat mass, fat free mass, and body mass. No seasonal differences were observed in MBB, but following in-season play for WBB, a reduction of (p = 0.03) in fat free mass (FFM) was observed. Across years, MBB showed an increase in FFM from freshman to sophomore year, yet remained unchanged through junior year. For WBB across years, no differences occurred for body mass (BM), body fat (BF%), and fat mass (FM), yet FFM increased from sophomore to junior year (p = 0.009). Sport-position differences exist in MBB and WBB: Guards were found to be smaller and leaner than forwards. Due to the importance of body composition (BC) on athletic performance, along with seasonal and longitudinal shifts in BC, strength and conditioning practitioners should periodically assess athletes BC to ensure preservation of FFM. Training and nutrition programming can then be adjusted in response to changes in BC.

scholarly journals Influence of body composition on physical activity validation studies using doubly labeled water

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1357-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Mâsse ◽  
Janet E. Fulton ◽  
Kathleen L. Watson ◽  
Matthew T. Mahar ◽  
Michael C. Meyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Methods Comparison ◽  
Statistical Procedures

This study investigated the influence of two approaches (mathematical transformation and statistical procedures), used to account for body composition [body mass or fat-free mass (FFM)], on associations between two measures of physical activity and energy expenditure determined by doubly labeled water (DLW). Complete data for these analyses were available for 136 African American (44.1%) and Hispanic (55.9%) women (mean age 50 ± 7.3 yr). Total energy expenditure (TEE) by DLW was measured over 14 days. Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) was computed as 0.90 × TEE - resting metabolic rate. During week 2, participants wore an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days and completed a 7-day diary. Pearson's product-moment correlations and three statistical procedures (multiple regressions, partial correlations, and allometric scaling) were used to assess the effect of body composition on associations. The methods-comparison analysis was used to study the effect of body composition on agreement. The statistical procedures demonstrated that associations improved when body composition was included in the model. The accelerometer explained a small but meaningful portion of the variance in TEE and PAEE after body mass was accounted for. The methods-comparison analysis confirmed that agreement with DLW was affected by the transformation. Agreement between the diary (transformed with body mass) and TEE reflected the association that exists between body mass and TEE. These results suggest that the accelerometer and diary accounted for a small portion of TEE and PAEE. Most of the variance in DLW-measured energy expenditure was explained by body mass or FFM.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document