ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL WALLS OF THE ACTINOMYCETALES AND ITS RELATION TO THEIR SYSTEMATIC POSITION

1954 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Avery ◽  
F. Blank
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nocardia Asteroides ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
Streptomyces Albus ◽  
Micromonospora Chalcea

Washed and dried cultures of Actinomyces bovis, A. israeli, Nocardia asteroides, Streptomyces albus, S. griseus, and Micromonospora chalcea were treated as described by Scholl (1908). Neither chitin nor cellulose, which form the framework of the Eumycetes, could be isolated. Therefore, from this chemical point of view the Actinomycetales have nothing in common with the true fungi, but rather with bacteria. These findings are in complete agreement with the morphological features of the Actinomycetales which indicate their place among the bacteria.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Functional Properties of Dietary Fibre Concentrates from Winemaking By-Products: Skins, Stems and Lees

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
María Ángeles Rivas ◽  
Rocío Casquete ◽  
María de Guía Córdoba ◽  
Santiago Ruíz-Moyano ◽  
María José Benito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Oil Retention ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
By Products

The objective of this study was to evaluate, from a technological and nutritional point of view, the chemical composition and functional properties of the industrial winemaking by-products, namely skins, stems and lees. The chemical and physical characteristics, as well as the functional properties (fat and water retention and swelling capacity, antioxidant capacity, and their prebiotic effect), of the dietary fibre of these by-products were studied. The results showed that the skins, stems, and lees are rich in fibre, with the stem fibre containing the highest amounts of non-extractable polyphenols attached to polysaccharides with high antioxidant activity and prebiotic effect. Lee fibre had the highest water retention capacity and oil retention capacity. The results reveal that winemaking by-products could be used as a source of dietary fibre with functional characteristics for food applications.

Contribution to the knowledge of pupae of the Western Palaearctic erebids (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Herminiinae) and noctuids (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Acronictinae and Bryophilinae)

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Patočka ◽  
Marek Turčáni
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Features ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Systematic Status ◽  
Western Palaearctic ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Current Systems

AbstractThe descriptions of pupae of three Western Palaearctic species of Erebidae (subfamily Herminiinae), namely Idia calvaria (Denis et Schiffermüller, 1775), Pechipogo flavicrinalis (Andreas, 1910), and Nodaria nodosalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1851), and three species of Noctuidae (subfamilies Acronictinae and Bryophilinae), namely Oxicesta geographica (F., 1787), Simyra dentinosa (Freyer, 1839), and Cryphia ochsi Boursin, 1940 are given. The main morphological features are described, compared with those of the related taxa and also illustrated in 57 line drawings. The systematic status and position of the described species present in the current systems are also discussed from the point of view of morphology of their pupae.

YIELD, ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE INDICATORS AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BLUE HONEYSUCKLE UNDER CONDITIONS OF SAKHALIN TRADE-WIND LITTORAL CLIMATE

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
V.N. Yefanov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Mitusova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Trade Wind ◽  
Plant Industry ◽  
Monsoon Climate ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Vavilov Institute ◽  
Household Gardens ◽  
Blue Honeysuckle

The blue honeysuckle is the earliest ripening berry, which ripens 7–10 days earlier than the garden strawber-ries under the conditions of Sakhalin's climate. It is resistant to lower fungi and parasites and can be cultivat-ed without pesticides. Currently, many honeysuckle varieties with fruits of different morphologies and chemical composition have been bred. We analyzed values of economically valuable indicators and chemical composition in 14 varieties of honeysuckle, which grow in the monsoon climate of Sakhalin. To assess the most productive variety, the values of each character were presented as percentage of the maximum for each indicator. Knowing the total values of characters under investigation made it possible to choose the best va-rieties, from authors` point of view, to grow in the household gardens in the monsoon climate of Sakhalin: from the Pavlovsk Experimental Station of Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry – Leningradsky giant (506.4%), Berel (432.9%) and Viola (423.4%).

Stachys semsurensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from Adıyaman province (Turkey) belonging to section Infrarosularis

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 511 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
MEHMET FIRAT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Glandular Hairs ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Stachys semsurensis (sect. Infrarosularis), is described and illustrated from Adıyaman province, Turkey. From the morphological point of view, it appears to be similar to Stachys cataonica, but it differs in several morphological features including densely covered with short stalked to subsessile glandular hairs in flowering stems, verticillasters congested into ± globose head, calyx teeth lanceolate-subulate, corolla white, tube exserted and nutlets obovoid, greyish-brown, reticulate. A comprehensive description of the new species is provided, including detailed photographs, geographical distribution map, habitat structure and ecology, vernacular name and IUCN conservation status.

scholarly journals A Label-free, Fast and High-specificity Technique for Plant Cell Wall Imaging and Composition Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Xu ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhao ◽  
Yuanzhen Suo ◽  
Yayu Guo ◽  
Yi Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Wall Imaging

Abstract Background: Cell wall imaging can considerably permit direct visualization of the molecular architecture of cell walls and provide the detailed chemical information on wall polymers, which is imperative to better exploit and use the biomass polymers; however, detailed imaging and quantifying of the native composition and architecture in the cell wall remains challenging.Results: Here, we describe a label-free imaging technology, coherent Raman scattering microscopy (CRS), including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, which images the major structures and chemical composition of plant cell walls. The major steps of the procedure are demonstrated, including sample preparation, setting the mapping parameters, analysis of spectral data, and image generation. Applying this rapid approach, which will help researchers understand the highly heterogeneous structures and organization of plant cell walls.Conclusions: This method can potentially be incorporated into label-free microanalyses of plant cell wall chemical composition based on the in situ vibrations of molecules.

scholarly journals Morphoanatomical and histochemical studies of the seed development of Euterpe oleracea (Arecaceae)

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Alves Ferreira Pereira ◽  
Ítalo Antônio Cotta Coutinho ◽  
Emanoella Lima Soares ◽  
Arlete Aparecida Soares ◽  
Ana Paula de Souza Caetano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Seed Biology ◽  
Fruit Pericarp

Abstract Although the consumption of açaí (Euterpe oleracea) pulp has long been an important component of the diet of the peoples from the Amazon, the açaí palm tree has recently attracted economic and scientific interest because of its vast array of bioactive compounds found in the fruit pericarp. The açaí seeds are the largest byproduct after pulp extraction and have potential for use in ethanol production, but this process is hindered by limited knowledge of seed biology, chemical composition and pattern reserve deposition during seed development. The aim of this work was to describe the morphoanatomical development of the seeds, as well as to identify the main organic compounds stored in the seeds. To achieve this goal, histological and histochemical analyses were performed on developing seeds. Results showed the seed is albuminous, bitegmic and that ingrowths of the seed coat give rise to a ruminate endosperm. Moreover, the nutritive reserves of açaí seeds are found in the endosperm thickened cell walls as reserve polysaccharides. Our findings provide information for future studies dealing with reproductive biology, propagation and the improvement of this profitable crop.

Application of papain enzyme in technology of meat products

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. М. Israelian ◽  
◽  
N. V. Holembovska ◽  
N. M. Slobodyanyuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Enzyme Preparations

Production of enzyme preparations occupies one of the leading places in modern biotechnology and belongs to the industries whose production is constantly growing and the field of application is expanding. Various enzyme preparations are widely used in the field of nutrition, this is due to their high catalytic activity, specificity of action, the ability to carry out biochemical reactions in mild conditions. Therefore, it is advisable to use enzymes for various industrial processes, both from an economic and technological point of view. The purpose of the work was to investigate the chemical composition and the activity of papain enzyme preparation with subsequent application in technology of meat production in order to increase the biological value and improve the functional and technological properties of the finished product. The analysis of literature sources and own research shows the prospects for research and the application of enzymes and enzyme preparations based on them in the food industry, as it improves the quality of finished products and the level of greening of production, more rational use of raw materials. As a result of a study of the chemical composition, it was found that the papain enzyme has a high protein content of 87.44%, due to which it has a broader effect on meat proteins. The dependence of papain activity on the pH of the medium, temperature, sodium chloride concentration, and enzyme concentration was studied. The results of the studies showed that the highest papain activity is in the range at pH 5.5–6.0. The enzyme has a maximum collagenase activity at pH 6.0 and at a temperature of 50–60 °C.

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