Morphophysiological traits as markers for the early selection of conifer genetic families

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1001-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Greenwood ◽  
H.A. Volkaert
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Height Predictions ◽  
Selection Of

The effectiveness of a number of morphophysiological traits as markers for the early selection (before 2 years) of conifer families is evaluated based on a number of retrospective studies involving primarily half-sib families. Traits discussed include height growth (with and without stress), shoot growth patterns, shoot–root ratio, nutrient and water use efficiency, gas exchange characteristics (including photosynthesis), injury indices, gibberellic acid levels, and metabolic efficiency. Taken singly, no one trait except height consistently predicts future field performance, but even height predictions, although reported for a number of species, are restricted to the performance of half-sib families. We propose that the prediction of future performance of full-sib or clonal families using height may be relatively more difficult, because genotype × environment interactions and maturational changes in growth behavior will decrease age–age correlations with increased genetic relatedness.

Development of a Performance-Related Framework for Asphalt Mixture Design for the Illinois Tollway

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110148
Author(s):  
Behnam Jahangiri ◽  
Punyaslok Rath ◽  
Hamed Majidifard ◽  
William G. Buttlar
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Compact Tension ◽  
T Test ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Final Adjustment ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Selection Of

Various agencies have begun to research and introduce performance-related specifications (PRS) for the design of modern asphalt paving mixtures. The focus of most recent studies has been directed toward simplified cracking test development and evaluation. In some cases, development and validation of PRS has been performed, building on these new tests, often by comparison of test values to accelerated pavement test studies and/or to limited field data. This study describes the findings of a comprehensive research project conducted at Illinois Tollway, leading to a PRS for the design of mainline and shoulder asphalt mixtures. A novel approach was developed, involving the systematic establishment of specification requirements based on: 1) selection of baseline values based on minimally acceptable field performance thresholds; 2) elevation of thresholds to account for differences between short-term lab aging and expected long-term field aging; 3) further elevation of thresholds to account for variability in lab testing, plus variability in the testing of field cores; and 4) final adjustment and rounding of thresholds based on a consensus process. After a thorough evaluation of different candidate cracking tests in the course of the project, the Disk-shaped Compact Tension—DC(T)—test was chosen to be retained in the Illinois Tollway PRS and to be presented in this study for the design of crack-resistant mixtures. The DC(T) test was selected because of its high degree of correlation with field results and its excellent repeatability. Tailored Hamburg rut depth and stripping inflection point thresholds were also established for mainline and shoulder mixes.

Mapping and validation of Anthocyanin1 pigmentation gene for its effectiveness in early selection of shrunken2 gene governing kernel sweetness in maize

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 258-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Chhabra ◽  
Firoz Hossain ◽  
Vignesh Muthusamy ◽  
Aanchal Baveja ◽  
Brijesh Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Selection ◽  
Pigmentation Gene ◽  
Selection Of

LIGULE: An evaluation of indigenous perennial grasses for dryland salinity management in south-eastern Australia. 2. Field performance and the selection of promising ecotypes

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith L. Mitchell ◽  
T. B. Koen ◽  
W. H. Johnston ◽  
D. B. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Salinity Management ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Broad Overview ◽  
South Eastern Australia

This paper reports the results of an initial evaluation of a large collection of Australian perennial native grasses. The overall aim of the research was to identify accessions that may be useful for pastoral purposes and for controlling land degradation on hill-lands in the high (>500 mm) rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia. Accessions (807) representing 37 target species were established in spaced plant nurseries at Rutherglen and Wagga Wagga. Dactylis glomerata L. cv. Porto and Eragrostis curvula (Schrad) Nees. Complex cv. Consol were established as comparator (control) species. A range of attributes was observed over a 2-year period (19900—1992), including persistence, vigour, productivity, palatability, morphology, and characteristics related to seed production. Accessions were initially culled on the basis of their persistence. Data for a range of attributes were separately analysed using pattern analysis to provide a broad overview of the performance and characteristics of the remaining accessions. A number of selection criteria were applied which resulted in selection of a promising group of 20 accessions (12 species from 8 genera). The promising group of accessions will be evaluated further at field sites typical of hilly landscapes in the 500mp;mdash;600 mm rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia.

scholarly journals Early selection of sugarcane using path analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Barbosa ◽  
F. Alcântara Neto ◽  
L.M. Gravina ◽  
G.A. Gravina ◽  
M.G.T. Portela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Gas exchanges and water use efficiency in the selection of tomato genotypes tolerant to water stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E.A. Borba ◽  
G.M. Maciel ◽  
E.F. Fraga Júnior ◽  
C.S. Machado Júnior ◽  
G.R. Marquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Tomato Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Long-term Growth Variation and Selection of Geographical Provenances of Cunninghamialanceolata (Lamb.) Hook

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu ◽  
Duan ◽  
Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Growth Difference ◽  
Growth Variation ◽  
Selection Of

In order to understand the long-term growth variation of Chinese fir’s geographical provenances and promote long-term genetic improvement, the experimental provenance forest of Chinese fir planted in 1981 was taken as a research object.The provenances originated from southeastern China. The study measured each diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height at 5, 6, 8, 12, and 33 years of age and analyzed the genetic variation of major growth traits of trees withdifferent provenances at different forest ages. Additionally, the study analyzed the geographical variation of Chinese fir by using the trend surface and principal component analysis (PCA) and evaluated the long-term selection effect of provenance by using juvenile–mature correlation and cluster analysis. The heritability of the DBH, treeheight, and volume of Chinese fir with different provenances reached 0.35–0.76, and with increasing forest age, the heritability of each trait showed a rising and gradually stabilizing trend. There were obvious differences in geographical variation patterns among the tested provenances, and both the DBH and the tree height growth patterns are two-way gradients. This variation pattern is associated with climatic conditions in different regions, and the factors limiting the growth difference of Chinese fir may be the mean temperature in winter and the precipitation in autumn and winter.An early selection age has a significant effect on shortening the timber production cycle of Chinese fir. The selection of trees aged between 6 and 12 years is more conducive to improving the efficiency of the genetic improvement of Chinese fir.The 42 excellent provenances selected from the 33-year-old mature Chinese fir forests have a larger increase in growth than trees with local provenances, which are concentrated in the Wuyi and Xuefeng mountains and are suitable for plantation in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and surrounding areas.

scholarly journals Estimate of genetic parameters and predicted gains with early selection of physic nut families

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Galvêas Laviola ◽  
Alexandre Alonso Alves ◽  
Fábio de Lima Gurgel ◽  
Tatiana Barbosa Rosado ◽  
Rhayanne Dias Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Selection Of

An initial evaluation of early selection of physic nut genotypes based on phenotypic data is presented. In order to predict the genetic gains with early selection, genetic parameters, e.g. additive genetic variance, were first obtained for grain yield along with other numerous traits. The results demonstrated that additive genetic variance exists not only for grain yield, which is considered to be the most important trait for oil and biodiesel production, but also for numerous other traits. The predicted genetic gains for grain yield, considering the selection of the 30, 20, 10 and 5 best families in the second crop year are respectively, 40.47, 48.43, 61.78 and 70.28%. With the selection of highly yielding physic nut genotypes indirectly genotypes with enhanced volume would be also selected, because yield exhibits moderate to high genetic correlations with height e canopy volume. The results here presented demonstrate the potential of the population gathered in the Brazilian physic nut germplasm bank for genetic breeding purposes and that superior physic nut families can be selected with high accuracy based on the evaluation of its second crop.

scholarly journals Early selection of system implementation choice among SoC, SoP and 3-D Integration

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan Weerasekera ◽  
Li-Rong Zheng ◽  
Dinesh Pamunuwa ◽  
Hannu Tenhunen
Keyword(s):  
Early Selection ◽  
System Implementation ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Low assimilate partitioning to root biomass is associated with carbon losses at an intensively managed temperate grassland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Poyda ◽  
Thorsten Reinsch ◽  
Inger J. Struck ◽  
R. Howard Skinner ◽  
Christof Kluß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Carbon Losses ◽  
Grassland Site

Abstract Aims This study aimed to investigate how efficiently assimilated carbon (C) is incorporated in plant biomass at an intensively managed old permanent grassland, how C is partitioned between shoots and roots and what are the implications for C sequestration. Methods Using the eddy covariance technique, the atmosphere-biosphere exchange of CO2 was measured for two years at a sandy grassland site in northern Germany. In addition to aboveground net primary production (ANPP), belowground NPP (BNPP) was observed using the ingrowth core method. Results The grassland showed a high productivity in terms of biomass yield (14.8 Mg dry matter ha−1 yr−1) and net CO2 uptake (−2.82 Mg CO2-C ha−1 yr−1). Photosynthetically assimilated C was converted to biomass with a high carbon use efficiency (CUE) of 71% during the growing season. However, a comparably low fraction of 17% of NPP was allocated to roots (fBNPP). Consequently, the main fraction of NPP was removed during harvest, turning the site into a net source of 0.29 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. Conclusions Our study showed the flexibility of grass root growth patterns in response to alterations in resource availability. We conclude that highly fertilized grasslands can lose their ability for C sequestration due to low belowground C allocation.

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