Influence of dietary protein on the disposition and metabolism of phenylbutazone in rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daya R. Varma
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum

Influence of dietary protein on the disposition and metabolism of phenylbutazone was investigated in male rats fed ad libitum a 21% (control) or a 5% (low) protein diet for 3 weeks. Phenylbutazone and its metabolites were assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Dietary protein deficiency was associated with a decrease in the conversion of phenylbutazone into oxyphenbutazone by 9000 × g liver supernatant of protein-deficient rats. Also, dietary protein deficiency was associated with a decrease in the urinary excretion of various metabolites of phenylbutazone, namely, oxyphenbutazone γ-hydroxyphenylbutazone, β-hydroxyphenylbutazone, p,γ-dihydroxyphenylbutazone, and an unknown metabolite (not identified). Pretreatment with phenobarbitone or phenylbutazone led to an increase in the hepatic metabolism of phenylbutazone and the urinary excretion of various metabolites in both groups of animals. Within 5 min after an injection of phenylbutazone, plasma contained oxyphenbutazone; the area under the curve of oxyphenbutazone was significantly greater in protein-deficient rats than in controls possibly due to a greater accumulation. It is concluded that dietary protein deficiency is associated with a decrease in the disposition and metabolism of phenylbutazone in rats.

scholarly journals Severe protein deficiency induces hepatic expression and systemic level of FGF21 but inhibits its hypothalamic expression in growing rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Moro ◽  
Catherine Chaumontet ◽  
Patrick C. Even ◽  
Anne Blais ◽  
Julien Piedcoq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

AbstractTo study, in young growing rats, the consequences of different levels of dietary protein deficiency on food intake, body weight, body composition, and energy balance and to assess the role of FGF21 in the adaptation to a low protein diet. Thirty-six weanling rats were fed diets containing 3%, 5%, 8%, 12%, 15% and 20% protein for three weeks. Body weight, food intake, energy expenditure and metabolic parameters were followed throughout this period. The very low-protein diets (3% and 5%) induced a large decrease in body weight gain and an increase in energy intake relative to body mass. No gain in fat mass was observed because energy expenditure increased in proportion to energy intake. As expected, Fgf21 expression in the liver and plasma FGF21 increased with low-protein diets, but Fgf21 expression in the hypothalamus decreased. Under low protein diets (3% and 5%), the increase in liver Fgf21 and the decrease of Fgf21 in the hypothalamus induced an increase in energy expenditure and the decrease in the satiety signal responsible for hyperphagia. Our results highlight that when dietary protein decreases below 8%, the liver detects the low protein diet and responds by activating synthesis and secretion of FGF21 in order to activate an endocrine signal that induces metabolic adaptation. The hypothalamus, in comparison, responds to protein deficiency when dietary protein decreases below 5%.

The Determination of Urinary Oxypurines as Markers of Gastrointestinal Tumors

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Lorenzi ◽  
Daniela Vannoni ◽  
Roberto Leoncini ◽  
Ranieri Caldarone ◽  
Enrico Marinello
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Colorectal Tumor ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Tumor Bearing

Plasma levels and urinary excretion of oxypurines – hypoxanthine and xanthine – were evaluated by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography in 13 patients affected by gastric tumors and in 19 colorectal tumor-bearing patients. Preliminary results indicate higher values of urinary xanthine and an increase in the xanthine/hypoxanthine ratio in cancer patients. The increase was not generalized to all subjects, and did not appear related either to the stage of the disease or to CEA values. The limits within which the determination of urinary oxypurines can be employed as a tumor marker are discussed.

Myocardial effects and pharmacokinetics of digoxin and ouabain in protein-deficient guinea pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Varma
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Inotropic Effects ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Plasma Half Life ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Myocardial effects and pharmacokinetics of digoxin and ouabain were studied in male albino guinea pigs fed ad libitum either a 21% (control) or a 5% (low) protein diet for 4 weeks. Dietary protein deficiency was associated with a decrease in body weight gain, ventricular weight, total plasma proteins and plasma albumin, hepatic total and microsomal proteins, cytochrome P-450, and protein:DNA ratios; serum potassium was slightly but insignificantly decreased. No significant differences were found in the following experiments with digoxin and ouabain in control and protein-deficient animals: inotropic effects of ouabain on isolated papillary muscles and left atria; uptake of [3H]ouabain by isolated papillary muscles; ventricular fibriliatory doses of digoxin and ouabain in anesthetized animals and the concentrations of digoxin in plasma and papillary muscles at the onset of ventricular fibrillation in these animals; plasma half-life of digoxin in unanesthetized guinea pigs. It is concluded that although dietary protein deficiency influences several physiological and biochemical parameters it does not alter the myocardial effects and pharmacokinetics of digoxin and ouabain in guinea pigs.

Feeding frequency and protein metabolism

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cohn ◽  
D. Joseph ◽  
L. Bell ◽  
A. Oler
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Normal young adult male rats were allowed to eat a diet of a specified protein content ad libitum, or were pair-force-fed the same diet twice a day. At the end of 14 days of controlled feeding, the animals were killed and analyzed for total body lipids. These analyses showed that the fat content of the force-fed animals, relative to those that ate ad libitum, became progressively greater as the dietary protein was increased in quantity from 0 to 67% of the diet. Furthermore, it was observed that force-fed animals excreted about 37% more urea nitrogen over a 7-day period than pair-fed animals eating ad libitum. Abruptly reversing the feeding habits of the rats immediately reversed the relative amounts of urinary nitrogen they excreted. The results of both types of experiments suggest that the intermediary metabolism of protein is related to feeding frequency (or load of absorbed nutrients to be metabolized per unit time). With fewer feedings but with total 24-hr intake constant, less dietary protein appears to participate in protein anabolic reactions since larger amounts of nitrogen are lost in the urine.

scholarly journals Perinatal Exposure to low Protein Diets Perturbs some Ovarian Genes Critical to Reproductive Health from One Generation to Another

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abey Nosarieme
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Enhancer Binding Protein ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Protein Diets

The maintenance of fertility status critically depends on the proper functioning of the ovary, which is also a reflect of normal development of ovarian follicles. Malnourished males and females have been scientifically proven to form a major infertile population in developing countries. Proper nutrition therefore forms a baseline for functional reproductive makeup. This study seeks to assess the mRNA expression level of ovarian inhibin alpha (IHA), Estrogen receptor (ERα), Aromatase, CCAAT-enhancer binding protein alpha (CEBPA) and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 (FGFR1) in the F 0 and F 1 rat progeny subjected to perinatal dietary protein deficiency. Rats in four (4) groups were fed different grade of protein deficient diets (5%, 10%, 21% protein diets and rat chow). Total RNA was extracted from the snap frozen ovary excised from the different rat groups, checked for quality, converted the cDNA and RT-qPCR was used to quantify amount of each mRNA expressed in the tissue. Result shows severe alteration in the level of expression of some of the key genes assessed essential for sustenance of reproductive health from one generation to another. Inhibin alpha was downregulated while CEBPA was upregulated in 5%PD groups at F 1 and F 2, ERα was downregulated only at first generation but normalized in the second generation. Aromatase in the 10% group was upregulated at F 1 and F 2 generation, while in the 5%PD, it was downregulated only at F 2. These modulations mediate the effects of dietary protein deficiency on the ovarian and reproductive function from one generation to another.

Service of urea in renal water conservation

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Crawford ◽  
Antoinette P. Doyle ◽  
Jan H. Probst
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
A Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Excretion Rates

Rats allowed water ad libitum were injected with vasopressin tannate in oil to insure formation of maximally concentrated urine. Low protein diet was fed to which were added varying amounts of sodium chloride with or without urea. Through a wide range of urinary excretion rates of nonurea solute the feeding of urea resulted in formation of lesser volumes of more highly concentrated urine. This reduction of the renal water requirement in the urea-fed rats was most marked when the ratio in urine between urea and nonurea solutes had a value of 0.3–0.5. When present in urine in amounts equal to or greater than osmoles of nonurea solute, urea increased the renal water requirement.

scholarly journals Dietary Protein Deficiency Induces Osteoporosis in Aged Male Rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1555-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bourrin ◽  
A. Toromanoff ◽  
P. Ammann ◽  
J. P. Bonjour ◽  
R. Rizzoli
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Male Rats

scholarly journals Consequences of protein supplementation for anorexia, expression of immunity and plasma leptin concentrations in parasitized ewes of two breeds

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Zaralis ◽  
Bert J. Tolkamp ◽  
Jos G. M. Houdijk ◽  
Alastair R. G. Wylie ◽  
Ilias Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts ◽  
Plasma Leptin

The periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI) against parasites in ewes has a nutritional basis. We investigated whether ewes experience a reduction in food intake (anorexia) during PPRI and if the magnitude of anorexia is affected by host production potential and dietary protein supplementation. We also investigated whether nematode infection is linked to plasma leptin concentrations in periparturient ewes. The experiment was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Two breeds of twin-bearing/lactating ewes (Greyface cross, G (n 32) and Scottish Blackface, B (n 32)) were used. Half of the ewes were trickle infected with 30 000 larvae of the abomasal parasite Teladorsagia circumcincta per week and the other half were not. During the experiment, all ewes had ad libitum access to a low-protein diet that provided less protein than the recommended allowance. In addition, half of the ewes received a protein supplement that resulted in protein intakes that exceeded recommendations. Nematode infection resulted in a breakdown of immunity to parasites and a reduction in food intake in both breeds. The breeds differed in the extent of PPRI (G ewes having higher faecal egg counts than B ewes), but not in the magnitude of anorexia. Protein supplementation resulted in a reduction in faecal egg counts, but had no effect on the magnitude of anorexia. Plasma leptin concentrations changed significantly over time, but were not affected by protein supplementation or infection. It is concluded that infection with T. circumcincta in periparturient ewes results in anorexia that is not alleviated by protein supplementation and seems unrelated to plasma leptin concentrations.

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