DYNAMIC TENSILE PROPERTIES OF IRON AND STEELS FOR A WIDE RANGE OF STRAIN RATES AND STRAIN

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (09n11) ◽  
pp. 1255-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOBUSATO KOJIMA ◽  
HIROYUKI HAYASHI ◽  
TERUMI YAMAMOTO ◽  
KOJI MIMURA ◽  
SHINJI TANIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Block Type ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Viscous Term ◽  
Rate Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
True Fracture

The tensile stress-strain curves of iron and a variety of steels, covering a wide range of strength level, over a wide strain rate range on the order of 10−3 ~ 103 s −1, were obtained systematically by using the Sensing Block Type High Speed Material Testing System (SBTS, Saginomiya). Through intensive analysis of these results, the strain rate sensitivity of the flow stress for the large strain region, including the viscous term at high strain rates, the true fracture strength and the true fracture strain were cleared for the material group of the ferrous metals. These systematical data may be useful to develop a practical constitutive model for computer codes, including a fracture criterion for simulations of the dynamic behavior in crash worthiness studies and of work-pieces subjected to dynamic plastic working for a wide strain rate range.

scholarly journals A Modified Eyring Equation for Modeling Yield and Flow Stresses of Metals at Strain Rates Ranging from 10−5to 5 × 104 s−1

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Othman
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Large Strain Rate

In several industrial applications, metallic structures are facing impact loads. Therefore, there is an important need for developing constitutive equations which take into account the strain rate sensitivity of their mechanical properties. The Johnson-Cook equation was widely used to model the strain rate sensitivity of metals. However, it implies that the yield and flow stresses are linearly increasing in terms of the logarithm of strain rate. This is only true up to a threshold strain rate. In this work, a three-constant constitutive equation, assuming an apparent activation volume which decreases as the strain rate increases, is applied here for some metals. It is shown that this equation fits well the experimental yield and flow stresses for a very wide range of strain rates, including quasi-static, high, and very high strain rates (from 10−5to 5 × 104 s−1). This is the first time that a constitutive equation is showed to be able to fit the yield stress over a so large strain rate range while using only three material constants.

Compressive strength of iceberg ice

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Jones ◽  
R E Gagnon ◽  
A Derradji ◽  
A Bugden
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Rate Range ◽  
A Value ◽  
Wide Range

The uniaxial compressive strength of iceberg ice was determined over a wide range of strain rates from 10–8 to 10+1 s–1 at –10°C. It was found that for strain rates less than 10–4 s–1, strength increased in a power-law manner with strain rate. Above 10–4 s–1, the strength was essentially constant at 4 MPa, dropping slightly between 10–3 and 10–1 s–1, before rising again to a value of about 10 MPa at 10+1 s–1. Thin sections of the ice revealed a small grain size of about 3.5 mm and elongated air bubbles with a ratio of length to width of about 10. In the practical strain-rate range of interest, the maximum failure stress observed was 4.8 MPa. PACS No.: 62.20

Tensile Stress-Strain Curves Modeling of Four Kinds of Solders with Temperature and Rate Dependence

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 905-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Chen ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Masao Sakane ◽  
Haruo Nose
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Constant Strain Rate ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Rate Dependence ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Rate Range

A series of tensile tests at constant strain rate were conducted on tin-lead based solders with different Sn content under wide ranges of temperatures and strain rates. It was shown that the stress-strain relationships had strong temperature- and strain rate- dependence. The parameters of Anand model for four solders were determined. The four solders were 60Sn-40Pb, 40Sn-60Pb, 10Sn-90Pb and 5Sn-95Pb. Anand constitutive model was employed to simulate the stress-strain behaviors of the solders for the temperature range from 313K to 398K and the strain rate range from 0.001%sP -1 P to 2%sP -1 P. The results showed that Anand model can adequately predict the rate- and temperature- related constitutive behaviors at all test temperatures and strain rates.

scholarly journals Effect of Strain Rate on Compressive Behavior of a Zr-Based Metallic Glass under a Wide Range of Strain Rates

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2861
Author(s):  
Wenqing Li ◽  
Tieqiang Geng ◽  
Shaofan Ge ◽  
Zhengwang Zhu ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Alloy ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Strain Rate Effect ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Compressive Behavior ◽  
Rate Range

The strain rate effect on the mechanical behavior of amorphous alloys has aroused general interest. Most studies in this area have focused on quasi-static and high strain-rate compressive deformations. However, experimental results have been few, or even non-existent, under a moderate strain-rate loading. This article extends the traditional split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique to characterize compressive deformation of an amorphous alloy at medium strain rates. The compressive behavior of Zr65.25Cu21.75Al8Ni4Nb1 amorphous alloy shows a negative strain rate effect on the yield strength with a quasi-static, moderate to high strain-rate range, and the fracture angle increases from 44° at 10−5 s−1 to 60° at 4000 s−1 as strain rate increases. Herein, we introduce a modified cooperative shear model to describe the compressive behavior of the current amorphous alloy under a broad strain rate range. The model predicts that the normalized yield strength will linearly descend with logarithmic strain rate when the strain rate is less than a critical strain rate, however, which rapidly decreases linearly with the square of the strain rate at high strain rates. The predicted data of the model are highly consistent with the current experimental results. These findings provide support for future engineering applications of amorphous alloys.

scholarly journals Large Strain Mechanical Behavior of HSLA-100 Steel Over a Wide Range of Strain Rates

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maen Alkhader ◽  
Laurence Bodelot
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Adiabatic Shear ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Plastic Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Constitutive Response

High-strength low alloy steels (HSLA) have been designed to replace high-yield (HY) strength steels in naval applications involving impact loading as the latter, which contain more carbon, require complicated welding processes. The critical role of HSLA-100 steel requires achieving an accurate understanding of its behavior under dynamic loading. Accordingly, in this paper, we experimentally investigate its behavior, establish a model for its constitutive response at high-strain rates, and discuss its dynamic failure mode. The large strain and high-strain-rate mechanical constitutive behavior of high strength low alloy steel HSLA-100 is experimentally characterized over a wide range of strain rates, ranging from 10−3 s−1 to 104 s−1. The ability of HSLA-100 steel to store energy of cold work in adiabatic conditions is assessed through the direct measurement of the fraction of plastic energy converted into heat. The susceptibility of HSLA-100 steel to failure due to the formation and development of adiabatic shear bands (ASB) is investigated from two perspectives, the well-accepted failure strain criterion and the newly suggested plastic energy criterion [1]. Our experimental results show that HSLA-100 steel has apparent strain rate sensitivity at rates exceeding 3000 s−1 and has minimal ability to store energy of cold work at high deformation rate. In addition, both strain based and energy based failure criteria are effective in describing the propensity of HSLA-100 steel to dynamic failure (adiabatic shear band). Finally, we use the experimental results to determine constants for a Johnson-Cook model describing the constitutive response of HSLA-100. The implementation of this model in a commercial finite element code gives predictions capturing properly the observed experimental behavior. High-strain rate, thermomechanical processes, constitutive behavior, failure, finite elements, Kolsky bar, HSLA-100.

Rate-Dependent Behavior and Constitutive Model of Polycarbonate at Strain Rate from 10-5 to 103 S-1

2011 ◽  
Vol 117-119 ◽  
pp. 434-437
Author(s):  
Wen Jun Hu ◽  
Xi Cheng Huang ◽  
Fang Ju Zhang ◽  
Cheng Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Rate Range ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Dependent Behavior

Uni-axial quasi-static tests at strain rates 10-5, 10-4, 10-3,10-2 and 10-1 s-1 and dynamic compressive tests at strain rates 1679, 2769,5000 and 8200 s-1 have been carried out to study the mechanical behavior for polycarbonate used in the avigation industry. The stress–strain curves of polycarbonate in the strain-rate range from 10-5 to 8200 s-1 have been obtained. The effects of the strain rate on yield phenomenon and rate-dependent mechanical behavior are discussed. A plastic flow law based on the DSGZ rate-temperature-dependent constitutive model was used to describe the mechanical behavior of polycarbonate in the strain-rate range from 10-5 to 103 s-1. The results at the six strain rates are in excellent agreement with the experimental data, which illustrates that the constitutive model can describe the mechanical behavior for polycarbonate at low and high strain rates perfectly.

The Influence of Strain Rate on the Passive and Stimulated Engineering Stress–Large Strain Behavior of the Rabbit Tibialis Anterior Muscle

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Myers ◽  
C. T. Woolley ◽  
T. L. Slotter ◽  
W. E. Garrett ◽  
T. M. Best
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Average Strain ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Engineering Stress ◽  
Average Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Responses

The passive and stimulated engineering stress–large strain mechanical properties of skeletal muscle were measured at the midbelly of the rabbit tibialis anterior. The purpose of these experiments was to provide previously unavailable constitutive information based on the true geometry of the muscle and to determine the effect of strain rate on these responses. An apparatus including an ultrasound imager, high-speed digital imager, and a servohydraulic linear actuator was used to apply constant velocity deformations to the tibialis anterior of an anesthetized neurovascularly intact rabbit. The average isometric tetanic stress prior to elongation was 0.44 ± 0.15 MPa. During elongation the average stimulated modulus was 0.97 ± 0.34 MPa and was insensitive to rate of loading. The passive stress–strain responses showed a nonlinear stiffening response typical of biologic soft tissue. Both the passive and stimulated stress–strain responses were sensitive to strain rate over the range of strain rates (1 to 25 s−1). Smaller changes in average strain rate (1 to 10, and 10 to 25 s−1) did not produce statistically significant changes in these responses, particularly in the stimulated responses, which were less sensitive to average strain rate than the passive responses. This relative insensitivity to strain rate suggests that pseudoelastic functions generated from an appropriate strain rate test may be suitable for the characterization of the responses of muscle over a narrow range of strain rates, particularly in stimulated muscle.

Identification of Stable Processing Parameters in Ti–6Al–4V Alloy from a Wide Temperature Range Across β Transus and a Large Strain Rate Range

2015 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Zheng Quan ◽  
Hai-Rong Wen ◽  
Shi-Ao Pu ◽  
Zhen-Yu Zou ◽  
Dong-Sen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Large Strain ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Hot Workability ◽  
Rate Range ◽  
Measured Stress ◽  
Strain Data ◽  
Large Strain Rate ◽  
Stable Processing

AbstractThe hot workability of Ti–6Al–4V alloy was investigated according to the measured stress–strain data and their derived forms from a series of hot compressions at the temperatures of 1,023–1,323 K and strain rates of 0.01–10 s

scholarly journals Modification of Charpy machine for the acquisition of stress-strain curve in thermoplastics

DYNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (213) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Zabala Gualtero ◽  
Ulises Figueroa López ◽  
Andrea Guevara Morales ◽  
Alejandro Rojo Valerio
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plastic Components ◽  
Impact Simulations

Simulations of impact events in the automotive industry are now common practice. Vehicle crashworthiness simulations on plastic components cover a wide range of strain rates from 0.01 to 500 s-1. Because plastics mechanical properties are very dependent on strain rate, developing experimental methods for generating stress-strain curves at this strain rate range is of great technological importance. In this paper, a modified Charpy machine capable of acquiring useful information to obtain the stress-strain curve is presented. Strain rates between 300 to 400 s-1 were achieved. Three thermoplastics were tested: high-density polyethylene, polypropylene-copolymer and polypropylene-homopolymer. Impact simulations using LS-DYNA were performed using the acquired high-strain rates stress-strain curves and compared with experimental data. Simulations using stress-strain curves from quasi-static tests were also performed for comparison. Very good agreement between the simulation and experimental results was found when the ASTM D1822 type S specimen was used for testing each material.

Ductile-to-brittle transition induced by increasing strain rate in Sn–3Cu/Cu joints

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1614-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.F. Zou ◽  
Z.F. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Interfacial Strength ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
Rate Range ◽  
Brittle Transition ◽  
Ductile To Brittle Transition

The current study revealed the effects of strain rate on tensile strength and ductile-to-brittle transition of Sn–3Cu/Cu joints in the strain rate range of 4.2 × 10−5 to 2.4 × 10−1 s−1. Experimental results indicate that these joints broke in a ductile manner at low strain rates with a rapid increase in the tensile strength but displayed a brittle manner at higher strain rates with a slow increase in the tensile strength, indicating a typical ductile-to-brittle transition feature. A method was proposed to estimate the interfacial strength between the solder and the intermetallic compounds.

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