COMPARISON OF DYNAMIC STABILITY DURING WALKING AND RUNNING ON NONMOTORIZED CURVED TREADMILL ACCORDING TO CURVATURE RADIUS

It is generally believed that running on a curved surface is more unstable than running on a flat surface. In this study, the dynamic stability of locomotion on a nonmotorized curved treadmill (NMCT) with three curvature radii was compared with that on a motorized flat treadmill. Sixteen healthy adult men maintained four different self-paced speeds: slow walking, fast walking, jogging, and running. Significant differences were statistically verified using two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) according to the curvature radii and speeds, and the interaction effects were confirmed. Furthermore, to understand the significant differences between the speed and curvature radius, post hoc analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA. Except for the step width, the other parameters showed differences and correlation effects between the curvature radius and speed. As the curvature radius decreased, the stability decreased at slow speeds (slow walking) but increased at fast speeds (running). However, as the curvature radius increased, the stability increased at slow speeds (slow walking) but decreased at high speeds (running). The study results will help in suggesting the appropriate curvature radius for different user types such as athletes, the elderly, and people who require rehabilitation and will serve as preliminary data for designing the curvature radii of NMCTs.

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Effect of 12 weeks of recreational soccer on bone mineral density and sarcopenia in the elderly: a randomized clinical trial

Journal of Physical Education ◽

10.4025/jphyseduc.v32i1.3257 ◽

1989 ◽

Author(s):

Guilherme Henrique de Lima Matias ◽

◽

André dos Santos Costa ◽

Romulo Maia Carlos Fonseca

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Intervention Group ◽

The Elderly ◽

Whole Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Hoc

Objective: To verify the effect of recreational soccer on bone mineral density and sarcopenia in the elderly. Methods: Fourteen elderly people aged 65.9 ± 3.4 years were selected. They were separated into two groups: the intervention group and the control group; the intervention group played recreational soccer for 12 weeks on two days of the week. Assessments were performed for bone mineral density and body muscle mass before and after the intervention. For statistical analysis, the repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test was used. Results: After 12 weeks, there was a significant change in bone mineral density in the region of the total femur (p = 0.020). Analyzing the participants’ sarcopenia, no significant results were found after the intervention period. Conclusion: Playing recreational soccer causes a significant improvement in the total femur and maintains bone regions in the spine, whole body, and femoral neck. Also, it promotes a removal from the threshold for sarcopenia screening in the elderly.

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Comparing the Effect of Face-To-Face Education and E-learning on the Physical Activity of the Elderly

Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery ◽

10.32598/jhnm.31.1.2037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 35-43

Author(s):

Shahab Papi ◽

◽

Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz ◽

Mahshid Foroughan ◽

Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulaghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

The Elderly ◽

Learning Methods ◽

Significance Level ◽

Face To Face ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Educational Groups ◽

E Learning ◽

Post Hoc

Introduction: Regular physical activity is very effective in preventing or delaying chronic diseases and premature death in the elderly. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effect of face-to-face education and e-learning methods on the physical activity of the elderly. Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study conducted in Karaj, Iran in 2018. The participants were 88 elderly people referred to a senior rehab center and then were assigned into three groups of face-to-face education (n=30), e-learning (n=28), and control (n=30).The study data were collected by a demographic form and the 41-item community healthy activities program for seniors questionnaire (CHAMPS) before the intervention, 1 month after the intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Face-to-face education and e-learning were presented to the two educational groups’ during eight 20-minute sessions. The obtained data were analyzed using ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, the Chi-square test, and repeated measures ANOVA. The significance level was set at0.05. Results: Between the two educational groups, a significant difference was observed in the mean score of physical activity at three measurement phases (P = 0.001).The effect size was 0.61 for face-to-face education and 0.64 for e-learning. Based on the results of the Bonferroni post hoc test, there was no significant difference between e-learning and face-to-face education groups. Conclusion: Both face-to-face and e-learning methods were effective in promoting the physical activity behavior of the elderly. E-learning method can be used as one of the complementary methods of traditional education for improving the physical activity of the elderly.

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Ankle Bracing, Fatigue, and Time to Stabilization in Collegiate Volleyball Athletes

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-43.2.164 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 164-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Megan Y. Shaw ◽

Phillip A. Gribble ◽

Jamie L. Frye

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Stability ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Force Plate ◽

Starting Position ◽

Jump Landing ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Ankle Brace ◽

Time To Stabilization ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Anterior Posterior

Abstract Context: Fatigue has been shown to disrupt dynamic stability in healthy volunteers. It is not known if wearing prophylactic ankle supports can improve dynamic stability in fatigued athletes. Objective: To determine the type of ankle brace that may be more effective at providing dynamic stability after a jump-landing task during normal and fatigued conditions. Design: Two separate repeated-measures analyses of variance with 2 within-subjects factors (condition and time) were performed for each dependent variable. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Ten healthy female collegiate volleyball athletes participated (age = 19.5 ± 1.27 years, height = 179.07 ± 7.6 cm, mass = 69.86 ± 5.42 kg). Intervention(s): Athletes participated in 3 separate testing sessions, applying a different bracing condition at each session: no brace (NB), Swede-O Universal lace-up ankle brace (AB), and Active Ankle brace (AA). Three trials of a jump-landing task were performed under each condition before and after induced functional fatigue. The jump-landing task consisted of a single-leg landing onto a force plate from a height equivalent to 50% of each participant's maximal jump height and from a starting position 70 cm from the center of the force plate. Main Outcome Measure(s): Time to stabilization in the anterior-posterior (APTTS) and medial-lateral (MLTTS) directions. Results: For APTTS, a condition-by-time interaction existed (F2,18 = 5.55, P = .013). For the AA condition, Tukey post hoc testing revealed faster pretest (2.734 ± 0.331 seconds) APTTS than posttest (3.817 ± 0.263 seconds). Post hoc testing also revealed that the AB condition provided faster APTTS (2.492 ± 0.271 seconds) than AA (3.817 ± 0.263 seconds) and NB (3.341 ± 0.339 seconds) conditions during posttesting. No statistically significant findings were associated with MLTTS. Conclusions: Fatigue increased APTTS for the AA condition. Because the AB condition was more effective than the other 2 conditions during the posttesting, the AB appears to be the best option for providing dynamic stability in the anterior-posterior direction during a landing task.

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Stability of maxillary interincisor diastema closure after extraction orthodontic treatment

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/080619-516 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 90 (5) ◽

pp. 627-633

Author(s):

Marcos J. Carruitero ◽

Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo ◽

Daniela Garib ◽

Guilherme Janson

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

The Stability ◽

Post Hoc ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the stability of maxillary interincisor diastema closure and the relationship between space relapse and interincisor diastema width, overjet, overbite, angulations between adjacent maxillary anterior teeth and presence of intermaxillary osseous cleft after orthodontic treatment with extractions. Materials and Methods Twenty-four individuals with a maxillary interincisor diastema pretreatment, treated with maxillary first premolar extractions were evaluated. Dental casts and panoramic radiographs taken at pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and posttreatment follow-up (T3) were assessed. Periapical radiographs at T1 and T2 were also evaluated. Diastema relapse was assumed when T3-T2 interincisor space change was greater than zero. Diastema relapse was considered clinically significant when it was at least 0.50 mm. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey tests or Friedman followed by Wilcoxon tests. T-test or Mann-Whitney U-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analyses were also performed. Results No statistically significant relapse of maxillary interincisor diastemas was found. The percentage of clinically significant relapse of the maxillary interincisor diastemas was 27.78%. Specifically, for the interincisor midline diastema, it was 8.33%. Conclusions Maxillary interincisor diastema closure showed no statistically significant relapse after orthodontic treatment with premolar extractions. Clinically significant stability for maxillary interincisor diastema closure was 72.22% and, specifically, for interincisor midline diastema closure, it was 91.67%.

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The Effect of Select Shoulder Exercises on Strength, Active Angle Reproduction, Single-Arm Balance, and Functional Performance

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.13.1.75 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 75-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Darin A. Padua ◽

Kevin M. Guskiewicz ◽

William E. Prentice ◽

Robert E. Schneider ◽

Edgar W. Shields

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Stability ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Functional Performance ◽

Neuromuscular Control ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Kinetic Chain ◽

Significant Group ◽

Shoulder Strength ◽

Post Hoc

Objective:To determine whether select shoulder exercises influence shoulder-rotation strength, active angle reproduction (AAR), single-arm dynamic stability, and functional throwing performance in healthy individuals.Design:Pretest–posttest.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:54, randomly placed in 4 training groups.Intervention:Four 5-week training protocols.Main Outcome Measures:Average shoulder-rotation torque, AAR, single-arm dynamic stability, and functional throwing performance.Results:Repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed a significant group-by-test interaction for average torque (P> .05). Post hoc analyses revealed significantly increased average torque in the open kinetic chain and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) groups after training. AAR and sway velocity were not affected in any of the groups (P> .05), but functional performance revealed a significant group-by-test interaction (P< .05). Post hoc analysis demonstrated that the PNF group significantly improved after training (P< .05).Conclusions:Shoulder strength can be improved in healthy individuals, but improvements depend on the exercise performed. Shoulder proprioception and neuromuscular control were unchanged in all groups, but functional performance improved in the PNF group

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Co-contraction of the core muscles during Pilates exercise on the Wunda Chair

Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation ◽

10.3233/bmr-181267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 719-725

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Panhan ◽

Mauro Gonçalves ◽

Giovana Duarte Eltz ◽

Marina Mello Villalba ◽

Adalgiso Coscrato Cardozo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Trunk Muscles ◽

The Core ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Pilates Method ◽

Bonferroni Test ◽

The Difference ◽

The Stability ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Internal Oblique

BACKGROUND: The co-contraction of the core muscles has been reported as the key mechanism towards spinal stability. Classic Pilates exercises aimed at these muscles are known to improve the stability and strength of the trunk without damaging the deep structures of the spine. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the co-contraction of the mobilizing (rectus abdominis; longissimus) and stabilizing (multifidus; internal oblique) trunk muscles during Pilates exercises – going up front, mountain climber, and swan. METHODS: Sixteen women, all Pilates practitioners, participated in the study. The stabilizing and mobilizing muscles of the trunk (right side) were submitted to electromyography to calculate the percentage of co-contraction during the exercises. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to verify the difference in %COCON between stabilizers and mobilizers among the three exercises. The post-hoc Bonferroni test (P< 0.01) was applied when necessary. The paired t-test (P< 0.01) was used to verify the difference in %COCON between stabilizers and mobilizers separately for each exercise. RESULTS: The co-contraction values of the stabilizers were higher than those of the mobilizers for all exercises. The going up front (stabilizers) and the swan (mobilizers) exercises showed the highest %COCON values. CONCLUSIONS: The Pilates method is effective for either rehabilitating pathologies or training the trunk muscles in healthy individuals and athletes.

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Patterns of Body Weight Changes in Patients With Hypothyroidism, a Retrospective Study From Basrah, Southern Iraq

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1697 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A832-A833

Author(s):

Haider A Alidrisi ◽

Samih Abed Odhaib ◽

Mahmood Thamer Altemimi ◽

Nassar Taha Alibrahim ◽

Ali Hussain Alhamza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Adequate Treatment ◽

Study Results ◽

Hormonal Therapies ◽

One Year ◽

Post Hoc

Abstract Background: Weight gain is one of the most important hypothyroidism-related concerns among patients with hypothyroidism. However, not as expected, thyroxine replacement does not necessarily result in body weight (BWT) reduction among those patients. The study aimed to assess the patterns of BWT changes through time in patients with hypothyroidism. Method: A retrospective database study from Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center. A total of 346 adult patients with hypothyroidism, 192 newly diagnosed and 154 known, who had 1 visit every 3 months, 5 visits per one year. From those patients, 116 new and 69 known had completd 9 visits per two years. Each visit involved thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and BWT measurements. Patients with chronic liver or renal disease, diabetes mellitus, thyroid cancer, or other malignancies, pregnancy, and on steroid or hormonal therapies were excluded. The patients were further subdivided based on average TSH levels into controlled (TSH≤4.2 μIU/mL) and uncontrolled TSH>4.2 μIU/mL. Repeated measures ANOVA with a Greenhouse-Geisser correction and Post hoc tests using the Bonferroni correction were used to evaluate BWT changes through the study. Results: Both newly diagnosed and known hypothyroidism, over one and two years, in patients with average TSH>4.2 μIU/mL, BWT increased significantly through visits. For newly diagnosed over one year, (F(2.41, 321.60) = 3.28, p = 0.03), and mean BWT increase = 1.4 ± 0.38 kg from 3rd to 12th month visits, (p = 0.004). For newly diagnosed over two years, (F(3.10, 263.89) = 9.08, P < 0.0005), mean BWT increase = 3.02 ± 0.77 kg from 3rd to 24th month visits, (p = 0.007). And for known hypothyroidism over one year, (F(2.56, 187.47) = 7.11, p = 0.0003), mean BWT increase = 1.97 ± 0.64 kg at 12th month visit, and over two years, (F(2.35, 77.56) = 4.67, P = 0.009), mean BWT increase = 3.78 ± 1.26 kg at 24th month visit. While in all other patients with average TSH≤4.2 μIU/mL, the BWT changed non-significantly through visits. For newly diagnosed patients over one year and two years (p = 0.10, 0.34 respectively), and known patients over one year and two years (p = 0.47, 0.34 respectively). Conclusion: In contrary to what is believed, adequate treatment with thyroxine does not associate with weight reduction. Instead, either the patient kept on the same weight or continued to gain more weight.

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A Statistical Study of Process Variables to Optimize a High Speed Curtain Coater: Part I

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj8.1.20 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 20-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

PEEYUSH TRIPATHI ◽

MARGARET JOYCE ◽

PAUL D. FLEMING ◽

MASAHIRO SUGIHARA

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Experimental Design ◽

High Speed ◽

Statistical Study ◽

Process Variables ◽

High Speeds ◽

The Stability ◽

Air Removal ◽

Removal System

Using an experimental design approach, researchers altered process parameters and material prop-erties to stabilize the curtain of a pilot curtain coater at high speeds. Part I of this paper identifies the four significant variables that influence curtain stability. The boundary layer air removal system was critical to the stability of the curtain and base sheet roughness was found to be very important. A shear thinning coating rheology and higher curtain heights improved the curtain stability at high speeds. The sizing of the base sheet affected coverage and cur-tain stability because of its effect on base sheet wettability. The role of surfactant was inconclusive. Part II of this paper will report on further optimization of curtain stability with these four variables using a D-optimal partial-facto-rial design.

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Distress disclosure and psychological Distress among men: the role of feeling understood and loneliness

Current Psychology ◽

10.1007/s12144-021-02163-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Brian TaeHyuk Keum ◽

John L. Oliffe ◽

Simon M. Rice ◽

David Kealy ◽

Zac E. Seidler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Group Analysis ◽

Mediation Model ◽

Adult Men ◽

Path Analyses ◽

Asian Men ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Distress Disclosure ◽

Better Than

AbstractWe examined whether men’s distress disclosure would be indirectly associated with psychological distress through feeling understood by others and loneliness as serial or parallel mediators. We conducted path analyses (N = 1827 adult men; mean 37.53 years, SD = 14.14) to test the mediators while controlling for race/ethnicity. Post-hoc multi-group analysis was conducted to examine differences across White and Asian men. The serial mediation model fit the data better than the parallel mediation model. Controlling for race/ethnicity, a significant partial indirect association was found between greater distress disclosure and lower psychological distress through greater feelings of being understood and lower feelings of loneliness. Post-hoc multi-group analysis suggested that the hypothesized paths fit equivalently across White and Asian men, and the direct effect was not significant for Asian men. Our hypothesized serial model also fit the data significantly better than alternative models with distress and the mediators predicting disclosure. Distress disclosure may be a socially conducive strategy for men to feel understood and socially connected, a process that may be associated with lower psychological distress.

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Barrier-Free Wheelchair with a Mechanical Transmission

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115280 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5280

Author(s):

Jongseok Lee ◽

Wonhyeong Jeong ◽

Jaeoh Han ◽

Taesu Kim ◽

Sehoon Oh

Keyword(s):

The Elderly ◽

Transmission System ◽

Motor Drives ◽

Mechanical Transmission ◽

Link Structure ◽

Second Mode ◽

Important Means ◽

The Stability ◽

Flat Ground ◽

Climbing Stairs

Wheelchairs are an important means of transportation for the elderly and disabled. However, the movement of wheelchairs on long curbs and stairs is restricted. In this study, a wheelchair for climbing stairs was developed based on a mechanical transmission system that rotates the entire driving part through a link structure and an actuator to change the speed. The first mode drives the caterpillar, and the second mode drives the wheels. When driving on flat ground, it uses landing gears and wheels, and when climbing stairs, it uses the caterpillar; accordingly, a stable driving is possible. The stability of the transmission is confirmed through stress analysis. The method used in our study makes it is possible to manufacture lightweight wheelchairs because a single motor drives both the wheel and caterpillar through the transmission system.

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