RESOURCE REDISTRIBUTION METHOD FOR SHORT-TERM RECOVERY OF SOCIETY AFTER LARGE-SCALE DISASTERS

Recovery of society after a large-scale disaster generally consists of two phases, short- and long-term recoveries. The main goal of the short-term recovery is to bounce the damaged system back to the operating standards enabling residents in damaged cities to survive, and fast supply with vital resources to them is one of its important elements. We propose a general principle by which the required redistribution of vital resources between the affected and neighboring cities can be efficiently implemented. The short-term recovery is a rescuer operation where uncertainty in evaluating the state of damaged region is highly probable. To allow for such an operation, the developed principle involves two basic components. The first one of ethic nature is the triage concept determining the current city priority in the resource delivery. The second one is the minimization of the delivery time subjected to this priority. Finally a certain plan of the resource redistribution is generated according to this principle. Several specific examples are studied numerically. It elucidates, in particular, the effects of system characteristics such as the city limit capacity in resource delivery, the type of initial resource allocation among the cities, the number of cities able to participate in the resource redistribution, and the damage level in the affected cities. As far as the uncertainty in evaluating the state of damaged region is concerned, some specific cases were studied. It assumes the initial communication system has crashed and formation of a new one and the resource redistribution proceed synchronously. The obtained results enable us to consider the resource redistribution plan governed by the proposed method semi-optimal and rather efficient especially under uncertainty.

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Changes in Hospitalization for Ischemic Heart Disease After the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake: 10 Years of Data in a Population of 300,000

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2015.128 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 203-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kaisen Huang ◽

Dejia Huang ◽

Dingxiu He ◽

Joris van Loenhout ◽

Wei Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Ischemic Heart Disease ◽

Population Level ◽

Ischemic Heart ◽

Short Term ◽

Sichuan Earthquake ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Incidence Of Hospitalization ◽

The City

AbstractObjectiveThe effects of earthquakes on ischemic heart disease (IHD) have often been reported. At a population level, this study examined short-term (60-day) and long-term (5-year) hospitalization events for IHD after the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.MethodsWe examined the 10-year medical hospitalization records on IHD in the city of Deyang provided by the Urban Employee Basic Health Insurance program.ResultsEvaluation of 19,083 hospitalizations showed a significantly lower proportional number and cost of hospitalizations in the 60 days after the earthquake (P<0.001). Hospitalizations were 27.81% lower than would have been expected in a normal year; costs were 32.53% lower. However, in the 5 years after the earthquake, the age-adjusted annual incidence of hospitalization increased significantly (P<0.001). In the fifth year after the earthquake, it was significantly higher in the extremely hard-hit area than in the hard-hit area (P<0.01).ConclusionAfter the 2008 earthquake, short- and long-term patterns of hospitalization for IHD changed greatly, but in different ways. Our findings suggest that medical resources for IHD should be distributed dynamically over time after an earthquake. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:203–210)

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Modelling large timescale and small timescale service variability

Annals of Operations Research ◽

10.1007/s10479-019-03395-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 293 (1) ◽

pp. 123-140

Author(s):

Marco Gribaudo ◽

Illés Horváth ◽

Daniele Manini ◽

Miklós Telek

Keyword(s):

Service Time ◽

Large Scale ◽

Service Time Distribution ◽

Efficient Computation ◽

Short Term ◽

Service Unit ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Short Term Variability

Abstract The performance of service units may depend on various randomly changing environmental effects. It is quite often the case that these effects vary on different timescales. In this paper, we consider small and large scale (short and long term) service variability, where the short term variability affects the instantaneous service speed of the service unit and a modulating background Markov chain characterizes the long term effect. The main modelling challenge in this work is that the considered small and long term variation results in randomness along different axes: short term variability along the time axis and long term variability along the work axis. We present a simulation approach and an explicit analytic formula for the service time distribution in the double transform domain that allows for the efficient computation of service time moments. Finally, we compare the simulation results with analytic ones.

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Short- and Long-Term Effects of Nonconsciously Processed Ambient Scents in a Servicescape: Findings From Two Field Experiments

Journal of Service Research ◽

10.1177/1094670519842333 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 440-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anna Girard ◽

Marcel Lichters ◽

Marko Sarstedt ◽

Dipayan Biswas

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Field Studies ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Railway Company ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Ambient Scents ◽

Short Term Effects

Ambient scents are being increasingly used in different service environments. While there is emerging research on the effects of scents, almost nothing is known about the long-term effects of consumers’ repeated exposure to ambient scents in a service environment as prior studies on ambient scents have been lab or field studies examining short-term effects of scent exposure only. Addressing this limitation, we examine the short- and long-term effects of ambient scents. Specifically, we present a conceptual framework for the short- and long-term effects of nonconsciously processed ambient scent in olfactory-rich servicescapes. We empirically test this framework with the help of two large-scale field experiments, conducted in collaboration with a major German railway company, in which consumers were exposed to a pleasant, nonconsciously processed scent. The first experiment demonstrates ambient scent’s positive short-term effects on consumers’ service perceptions. The second experiment—a longitudinal study conducted over a 4-month period—examines scent’s long-term effects on consumers’ reactions and demonstrates that the effects persist even when the scent has been removed from the servicescape.

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Dalkurd FF

Cadernos de Campo (São Paulo 1991) ◽

10.11606/issn.2316-9133.v29isuplp105-113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (supl) ◽

pp. 105-113

Author(s):

Tiago Duarte Dias

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

First Year ◽

Football Club ◽

Local Institution ◽

Long Term Changes ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

The City ◽

Do So

As the whole world struggles with the appearance of a large-scale pandemic, individuals and institutions begin to cope with the perspective of both short and long-term changes to their plans. What had been planned out by many during January and February of 2020, no longer became feasible already during the following months. Thus, with the impossibility of knowing for how long this situation will persist, both individuals and institutions have changed their plans with a focus on when the situation will reverse to a degree of normalcy. This article aims to briefly understand and analyses the strategies centered around a Swedish football club founded by Kurdish individuals regarded to the consequences of the coronavirus crisis in the country. Both fans and employees at the club have changed their strategies regarding the first year they would be playing in their new hometown of Uppsala. The author will argue that, although, the crisis has changed their strategy and hampered their plans of becoming a local institution, it has not, in fact, changed their plans to be an integrated part of the city, but it has provided the club with newer opportunities to do so.

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Determinants Factors of Interest Rates on Three-Month Deposits of Bank Persero

JEJAK ◽

10.15294/jejak.v10i1.9129 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 90-102

Author(s):

Tedy Kurniawan ◽

Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika Prajanti

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Interest Rate ◽

Money Supply ◽

The State ◽

Capital Adequacy ◽

Short Term ◽

Operating Income ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

The Interest Rate

This research aims at analyzing the influence of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operating Expenses of Operating Income (BOPO), inflation, exchange rate, and the amount of money supply (M1) to the interest rate of three month deposits of the State-Owned Bank in Indonesia in 2007-2015. This research uses the error correction model analysis. The result obtained is the CAR that has a significant effect on the long term and has no effect on the short term, BOPO has a significant influence on the long term and short term, inflation has the significant effect on the long term and has no effect on the short term, the exchange rate has an influence on the short and long term, the money supply has no effects on the short and long-term on the interest rate on three month deposits of the State-Owned Bank.

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On the Correspondence between Mean Forecast Errors and Climate Errors in CMIP5 Models

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-13-00474.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 1781-1798 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

H.-Y. Ma ◽

S. Xie ◽

S. A. Klein ◽

K. D. Williams ◽

J. S. Boyle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Climate Models ◽

Systematic Errors ◽

Cmip5 Models ◽

Model Intercomparison ◽

Short Term ◽

Climate Simulations ◽

Intercomparison Project ◽

Short And Long Term

Abstract The present study examines the correspondence between short- and long-term systematic errors in five atmospheric models by comparing the 16 five-day hindcast ensembles from the Transpose Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project II (Transpose-AMIP II) for July–August 2009 (short term) to the climate simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and AMIP for the June–August mean conditions of the years of 1979–2008 (long term). Because the short-term hindcasts were conducted with identical climate models used in the CMIP5/AMIP simulations, one can diagnose over what time scale systematic errors in these climate simulations develop, thus yielding insights into their origin through a seamless modeling approach. The analysis suggests that most systematic errors of precipitation, clouds, and radiation processes in the long-term climate runs are present by day 5 in ensemble average hindcasts in all models. Errors typically saturate after few days of hindcasts with amplitudes comparable to the climate errors, and the impacts of initial conditions on the simulated ensemble mean errors are relatively small. This robust bias correspondence suggests that these systematic errors across different models likely are initiated by model parameterizations since the atmospheric large-scale states remain close to observations in the first 2–3 days. However, biases associated with model physics can have impacts on the large-scale states by day 5, such as zonal winds, 2-m temperature, and sea level pressure, and the analysis further indicates a good correspondence between short- and long-term biases for these large-scale states. Therefore, improving individual model parameterizations in the hindcast mode could lead to the improvement of most climate models in simulating their climate mean state and potentially their future projections.

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Evaluation of Triploid Oysters as a Tool to assess Short- and Long-term Seafood Contamination of Oil Spill-impacted Areas

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.1958 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 (1) ◽

pp. 1958-1971

Author(s):

M. Scott Miles ◽

Ronald F. Malone ◽

John E. Supan

Keyword(s):

Crassostrea Virginica ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Large Scale ◽

Deepwater Horizon ◽

Ecological Impacts ◽

Short Term ◽

Chemical Spills ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

South Louisiana

ABSTRACT The objective of this field and laboratory study was to evaluate the use of triploid Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, as a bioindicator of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in oil spill-impacted areas. Bivalve mollusks have shown to be valuable tools for assessing the short-term (weeks to months) bioavailability and impact of hydrophobic contaminants following oil and chemical spills. Approximately 1-year after the initial Deepwater Horizon spill, PAH concentrations were measured in sediment and caged oysters at sites within the Northern Barataria Bay. Two (2) seven-week large-scale mesocosm studies were conducted with diploid and triploid oysters to assess the effects of multiple whole South Louisiana crude (SLC) oil concentrations and seasonal water temperature variation on the PAH bioaccumulation and depuration rates within the test populations. Tissue analyses from the mesocosm study showed that PAH concentrations were generally higher and less variable in triploids than diploids. The studies showed that triploid Crassostrea virginica can be an appropriate organism to serve as a bioindicator of PAH contamination as they are abundant, stationary filter-feeders that provide ample tissue for analysis, and accumulate PAHs in response to contamination. Although diploid oysters are more representative of ecological impacts, triploid oysters are the only ploidy to have the capability to accurately assess oil and chemical spill impacts during oyster breeding season.

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Ban, Boom, and Echo! Entrepreneurship and Initial Coin Offerings

Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice ◽

10.1177/1042258720940114 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 104225872094011 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cristiano Bellavitis ◽

Douglas Cumming ◽

Tom Vanacker

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Entrepreneurial Finance ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Market Selection ◽

Short Term ◽

Regulatory Approach ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Initial Coin Offerings

Regulatory spillovers occur when regulation in one country affects either the expected regulatory approach and/or entrepreneurial finance markets in other countries. Drawing on institutional theory, we investigate the global implications of a regulatory spillover on entrepreneurship. We argue that regulatory spillovers have both short- and long-term effects on the number and quality of entrepreneurial finance initiatives such as Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs). Based on a large-scale sample of ICOs in 108 countries, we find that a regulatory ban of ICOs in one country causes a short-term increase in the number of low-rated ICOs in other countries and a long-term drop in the number of ICOs, especially low-rated, which increases the average ICO rating. That is, a restrictive regulation triggered a process of increased market selection.

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Etude de l'aménagement d'une forêt classée au Mali avec la participation des populations riveraines - Données du problème et éléments de méthodologie | A Study of the Management of a State-Owned Forest in Mali with the Participation of the Population Living nearby - Issue under Investigation and Elements of Methodology

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2000.0080 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 151 (3) ◽

pp. 80-83

Author(s):

Pascal Schneider ◽

Jean-Pierre Sorg

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Research Methodology ◽

Large Scale ◽

Environmental Context ◽

Forest Resources ◽

The State ◽

Commercial Use ◽

Economic Context ◽

The People

In and around the state-owned forest of Farako in the region of Sikasso, Mali, a large-scale study focused on finding a compromise allowing the existential and legitimate needs of the population to be met and at the same time conserving the forest resources in the long term. The first step in research was to sketch out the rural socio-economic context and determine the needs for natural resources for autoconsumption and commercial use as well as the demand for non-material forest services. Simultaneously, the environmental context of the forest and the resources available were evaluated by means of inventories with regard to quality and quantity. According to an in-depth comparison between demand and potential, there is a differentiated view of the suitability of the forest to meet the needs of the people living nearby. Propositions for a multipurpose management of the forest were drawn up. This contribution deals with some basic elements of research methodology as well as with results of the study.

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A Novel Iron Chloride Red-Ox Concentration Flow Cell Battery (ICFB) Concept; Power and Electrode Optimization

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14041109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1109

Author(s):

Robert Bock ◽

Björn Kleinsteinberg ◽

Bjørn Selnes-Volseth ◽

Odne Stokke Burheim

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Large Scale ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Flow Cell ◽

Iron Chloride ◽

Carbon Electrodes ◽

Concentration Difference ◽

Term Energy ◽

Short And Long Term

For renewable energies to succeed in replacing fossil fuels, large-scale and affordable solutions are needed for short and long-term energy storage. A potentially inexpensive approach of storing large amounts of energy is through the use of a concentration flow cell that is based on cheap and abundant materials. Here, we propose to use aqueous iron chloride as a reacting solvent on carbon electrodes. We suggest to use it in a red-ox concentration flow cell with two compartments separated by a hydrocarbon-based membrane. In both compartments the red-ox couple of iron II and III reacts, oxidation at the anode and reduction at the cathode. When charging, a concentration difference between the two species grows. When discharging, this concentration difference between iron II and iron III is used to drive the reaction. In this respect it is a concentration driven flow cell redox battery using iron chloride in both solutions. Here, we investigate material combinations, power, and concentration relations.

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