scholarly journals Development and implementation of incident response near-infrared models for analyzing contaminated medicines containing diethylene glycol solvent

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (06) ◽  
pp. 1450035
Author(s):  
Lihui Yin ◽  
Xuebo Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Li ◽  
Shaohong Jin
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Prediction Performance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Incident Response ◽  
Quantification Model ◽  
Material Screening

Samples of preparations contaminated by diethylene glycol (DEG), diethylene glycol raw materials and laboratory prepared solutions were measured to get NIR spectra. Then the identification models were developed using the collected spectra and the spectra of distilled water, propylene glycol and the preparations without diethylene glycol. Besides, the quantification model was also established for determining the concentration of diethylene glycol in the preparations. Validation results show the identification and quantification models have ideal prediction performance. The emergency NIR models are rapid, easy to use and accurate, and can be implemented for identifying diethylene glycol raw material, screening the preparations contaminated by diethylene glycol in the markets and analyzing the concentrations of DEG.

A Guide to Raw Material Analysis Using near Infrared Spectroscopy

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Kemper ◽  
Leza M. Luchetta
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Identification ◽  
Library Construction ◽  
Material Library ◽  
Development And Validation

In this paper, we discuss the theory and principles behind the construction and validation of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic libraries for raw material identification and qualification. The considerations we present for raw material library construction are based on precedents that appear in the literature and upon the experience of the authors. This treatise takes a holistic approach. The development of a raw material programme is delineated in a 12-step plan that will give the reader a comprehensive perspective. The limitations of commercial NIR libraries and the advantages of customised libraries are then briefly discussed. Finally, we describe the development and validation of a small raw materials library to illustrate the principles of library construction and validation.

scholarly journals Gostota lesa - metode določanja in pomen pri razvoju gozdno lesnega biogospodarstva

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Domen Arnič ◽  
Miha Humar ◽  
Davor Kržišnik ◽  
Luka Krajnc ◽  
Peter Prislan
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Wood Processing

Wood density is an important physical property that can be easily measured and is closely related to many other wood properties. Furthermore, wood density is a good indicator of the usability and applicability of wood in the wood processing, construction and energy industries. Because it is strongly dependent on moisture content and porosity, there are various definitions of wood density in the literature, among which the density measured on the basis of dry matter and volume is the most commonly used. The aim of this paper is to present different methods for wood density determination and the importance of collecting such data for the development of the forest-based bioeconomy. In practice, there are several direct and indirect methods of density measurement; in addition to the most basic volumetric approach, the density of wood can be measured by penetrometer, resistograph, high frequency densitometry, X-rays, near infrared spectroscopy and microwaves. Wood will continue to grow in importance, as it is one of the key raw materials for the transition to a sustainable bioeconomy. The accurate and timely determination of wood density allows for the appropriate distribution and direction of flows of this raw material between individual conventional and new sectors (areas of use) and thus its more efficient and sustainable use.

scholarly journals The Impact of Textile Waste on the Features of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Composites

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Ville Lahtela ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Timo Kärki
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Density ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Textile Waste ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Quality Of Urban Life ◽  
The Impact

An increased amount of textile waste will be available in the future, and its utilization requires attention from various perspectives. The re-utilization of textile waste in a second material cycle is an option for dealing with a global problem that puts stress on the urban environment. In this study, almost 30 kg of clothing were recycled as a raw material in the structure of a composite, whose structural properties were analyzed. The studied materials were made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE), anhydride modified polyethylene, lubricant, and either polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or rayon fibers from recycled clothes. The recycled clothes were identified by a near-infrared (NIR) analyzer, followed by treatment of size reduction and materials compounding by agglomeration and compression molding technologies. The material properties were characterized by thickness swelling, water absorption, impact, and tensile testing. The recycled clothes fibers, acting as a filler component in the structure of the composite, could maintain the properties of the material at the same level as the reference material. PET fibers being used as a component resulted in a significant improvement in impact strength. The study showed that recycled clothes can be re-utilized as a substitute for raw materials, and can be part of a solution for future challenges involving textile waste, following the principles of the circular economy. Textile recycling create opportunities to improve the quality of urban life.

Influences of Inhibitor and Firing Temperature on Efflorescence Reduction of Clay Products

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Sunisa Jindasuwan ◽  
Pim Chakornnipit ◽  
Sitthisuntorn Supothina
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Sulfate Leaching ◽  
White Deposit ◽  
Clay Slip

For ceramic industry, efflorescence is undesirable and cannot be completely eliminated from the finished products. The efflorescence is caused by soluble salts in the raw material and mostly appears as white deposit at the product’s surface. In this research, the removal of sulfate in the raw materials was studied. In addition, the sulfate ions were immobilized by forming a water-insoluble compound. The sulfate ions in the raw materials and fired products were extracted by distilled water, and the concentration was determined by using a UV-visible spectroscopy following the ASTM C1580-09 standard. Three sources of the raw materials from Tambon Suan Phung, Ratchaburi, Tambon Mae Win and Mae Ta, Chiang Mai, were analyzed for sulfate concentrations. The clay from Tambon Suan Phung, Ratchaburi which had the highest sulfate concentration was selected for further study on the effect of inhibitor and firing temperature on efflorescence inhibition. To reduce solubility of the sulfate, three kinds of inhibitor, i.e. barium chloride, barium carbonate and barium hydroxide, were added into the raw material at various concentrations, i.e. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt% and homogeneously mixed by ball milling followed by the addition of distilled water to prepare the clay slip. The clay products were mold casted to 1 x 1 x 3 inch3 in size. Then, they were fired at 800, 900 and 1000 °C. It has been revealed that the addition of barium carbonate at 2 wt%, which is the highest amount employed in this study, and firing temperature of 900 °C resulted in least sulfate leaching due to the formation of water-insoluble barium sulfate. To perform a field test, the fired samples with and without the addition of barium carbonate were immersed in water for 4 months. The efflorescence was observed on the sample without barium carbonate within the 1st month. In contrast, with the addition of barium carbonate, no efflorescence was observed after testing for 4 months.

Hydrogenolysis of glucose and fructose in glycol solutions over CuO-MgO-ZrO2 catalyst

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
M.E. Sharanda ◽  
◽  
E.A. Bondarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
High Partial Pressure ◽  
Zro2 Catalyst ◽  
Phase Process

Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are important representatives of polyols. On an industrial scale, they are obtained from petrochemical raw materials. Within a decade, significant efforts were made for the producing of polyols from biologically renewable raw materials - carbohydrates. The general trend for carbohydrate hydrogenolysis includes application of liquid-phase process with the use of modified metal-oxide catalysts, at 120-120 ° C and pressure of 3MPa or above. So high pressure is used for the reason to increase hydrogen solubility, and also due to the high partial pressure of low boiling solvents. We supposed that usage of high boiling solvents could allow hydrogenolysis to be performed at the lower pressure. Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are of particular interest as such kind of solvent since they are both the main products of glucose hydrogenolysis. In this work, the process of hydrogenolysis of glucose and fructose over Cu / MgO-ZrO2 catalyst have been studied at temperature range of 160-200 °C and a pressure of 0.1-0.3 MPa in a flow reactor. The solvents were simultaneously the target products of the reaction - ethylene glycol and / or propylene glycol. Gas chromatography and 13C NMR were used for the reaction products identification. It was found that the solubility of glucose in propylene glycol is 21 % by weight, and in ethylene glycol 62% by weight. It was pointed out that the process of hydrogenolysis can take place at a pressure close to atmospheric. Under these conditions, the conversion of hexoses reaches 96-100 %. The reaction products are preferably propylene glycol and ethylene glycol. The total selectivity for C3-2 polyols is 90-94 %, that is higher than in the hydrogenolysis of glucose in aqueous solution.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman L. Sahwan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Natural Organic Material ◽  
Very High

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer

Nutritional Value Research of Spelt Pasta with Vegetable Additives

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Oliya Fazullina ◽  
Stanislav Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Physiologically Active Substances ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates

Health indicators of the population depend significantly on the food quality and nutritional value. Simple carbohydrates excess of and lack of protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other physiologically active substances increase the risk of socially significant disease progress. The development and production of mass-consumed products with high nutritional and biological value, including affordable non-traditional raw materials use, are promising areas of the food industry development aimed at improving the nutritional status of the population. The article presents the research results on the developed Noodle products recipes from non-traditional raw materials that meet modern healthy nutrition requirements, intended for dietary treatment and dietary prevention of people with overweight / obesity. The research aimed at expanding the range of macaroni products with these characteristics. As the main raw material, a man selected whole-wheat flour – new spelt flour, and as additional raw materials – buckwheat flour, broccoli and celery powders. The researchers found that the introduction of macaroni products from buckwheat spelt, broccoli and celery powders into the recipe had a multidirectional effect, reducing or increasing various indicators of its nutritional value. The changes range did not affect the overall characteristics. The satisfaction degree of the average daily need for food substances and energy when consuming a portion of 100 g for each sample of developed Noodle products allows them to be classified as functional products that are protein and dietary fiber sources, according to the requirements of the TR CU 022/2011.

UNIDO, Industrial Processing of Natural Resources. New York: United Nations. 1981. viii + 78pp.US $ 5.00. [United Nations Publication Sales No. E. 81. 11 . B.1]

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Rashid Aziz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Manufactured Exports ◽  
Year 2000

The book under review is a concise but fairly in-depth study of the prospects for export diversification from the Less Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as LDCs) particularly to Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as OCs). Given the multiple problems faced by the LOCs in exporting to the OCs - protectionist policies with regards to manufactured exports, volatility of prices obtained for raw material exports, etc. - the study analyses the potential for following an intermediate route. The important issues in the export of semi -processed and wholly processed raw materials are discussed. 111ese issues range from the problems and potentials for the location of processing facilities in the LOCs to the formulation of appropriate policies to encourage an export of processed goods rather than raw materials. Such policies will be useful both in solving the balance of-payments problems of the LDCs and in attaining the goal of the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development and Co-operation, that called for 2S percent of world industrial production to be located in the LOCs by the year 2000.

PENGARUH HARGA DAN PEMAKAIAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP VOLUME PRODUKSI PADA PT. KELOLA MINA LAUT DI GRESIK

MANAJERIAL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
BAYU YRI WIDHARTO
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
T Test ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
F Test ◽  
Material Price

The purpose of the research was to know the affect of many factors which affected to the production volume in PT. Kelola Mina Laut Gresik. What the price of raw materials was and the used of raw materials partially and simultan eously affected on the production volume. The analysis tool which used was a model of multiple linear regression. Hypothesis testing used t test and F test, both at the significant level 5%. Based of the analysis of research on PT Kelola Mina Laut Gresik. Partially, inventory raw material price had not significant effect on the production volume, consumption of raw material inventory affected significantly of the production volume. Inventory of raw material price and the use of raw material simultan eously affect significantly to the production volume.

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