Study on the effect of pore-scale heterogeneity and flow rate during repetitive two-phase fluid flow in microfluidic porous media

2021 ◽  
pp. petgeo2020-062
Author(s):  
Jingtao Zhang ◽  
Haipeng Zhang ◽  
Donghee Lee ◽  
Sangjin Ryu ◽  
Seunghee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Residual Saturation ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lower Flow ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Lower Flow Rate

Various energy recovery, storage, conversion, and environmental operations may involve repetitive fluid injection and, thus, cyclic drainage-imbibition processes. We conducted an experimental study for which polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based micromodels were fabricated with three different levels of pore-space heterogeneity (coefficient of variation, where COV = 0, 0.25, and 0.5) to represent consolidated and/or partially consolidated sandstones. A total of ten injection-withdrawal cycles were applied to each micromodel at two different flow rates (0.01 and 0.1 mL/min). The experimental results were analyzed in terms of flow morphology, sweep efficiency, residual saturation, the connection of fluids, and the pressure gradient. The pattern of the invasion and displacement of nonwetting fluid converged more readily in the homogeneous model (COV = 0) as the repetitive drainage-imbibition process continued. The overall sweep efficiency converged between 0.4 and 0.6 at all tested flow rates, regardless of different flow rates and COV in this study. In contrast, the effective sweep efficiency was observed to increase with higher COV at the lower flow rate, while that trend became the opposite at the higher flow rate. Similarly, the residual saturation of the nonwetting fluid was largest at COV = 0 for the lower flow rate, but it was the opposite for the higher flow rate case. However, the Minkowski functionals for the boundary length and connectedness of the nonwetting fluid remained quite constant during repetitive fluid flow. Implications of the study results for porous media-compressed air energy storage (PM-CAES) are discussed as a complementary analysis at the end of this manuscript.Supplementary material: Figures S1 and S2 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5276814.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Energy Geoscience Series collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/energy-geoscience-series

scholarly journals Evolution of a sand-rich submarine channel-lobe system and impact of mass-transport and transitional flow deposits on reservoir heterogeneity: Magnus Field, northern North Sea

2021 ◽  
pp. petgeo2020-095
Author(s):  
Michael J. Steventon ◽  
Christopher A-L. Jackson ◽  
Howard D. Johnson ◽  
David M. Hodgson ◽  
Sean Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Transitional Flow ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Northern North Sea ◽  
The Impact

The geometry, distribution, and rock properties (i.e. porosity and permeability) of turbidite reservoirs, and the processes associated with turbidity current deposition, are relatively well known. However, less attention has been given to the equivalent properties resulting from laminar sediment gravity-flow deposition, with most research limited to cogenetic turbidite-debrites (i.e. transitional flow deposits) or subsurface studies that focus predominantly on seismic-scale mass-transport deposits (MTDs). Thus, we have a limited understanding of the ability of sub-seismic MTDs to act as hydraulic seals and their effect on hydrocarbon production, and/or carbon storage. We investigate the gap between seismically resolvable and sub-seismic MTDs, and transitional flow deposits on long-term reservoir performance in this analysis of a small (<10 km radius submarine fan system), Late Jurassic, sandstone-rich stacked turbidite reservoir (Magnus Field, northern North Sea). We use core, petrophysical logs, pore fluid pressure, quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN), and 3D seismic-reflection datasets to quantify the type and distribution of sedimentary facies and rock properties. Our analysis is supported by a relatively long (c. 37 years) and well-documented production history. We recognise a range of sediment gravity deposits: (i) thick-/thin- bedded, structureless and structured turbidite sandstone, constituting the primary productive reservoir facies (c. porosity = 22%, permeability = 500 mD), (ii) a range of transitional flow deposits, and (iii) heterogeneous mud-rich sandstones interpreted as debrites (c. porosity = <10%, volume of clay = 35%, up to 18 m thick). Results from this study show that over the production timescale of the Magnus Field, debrites act as barriers, compartmentalising the reservoir into two parts (upper and lower reservoir), and transitional flow deposits act as baffles, impacting sweep efficiency during production. Prediction of the rock properties of laminar and transitional flow deposits, and their effect on reservoir distribution, has important implications for: (i) exploration play concepts, particularly in predicting the seal potential of MTDs, (ii) pore pressure prediction within turbidite reservoirs, and (iii) the impact of transitional flow deposits on reservoir quality and sweep efficiency.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5313860

scholarly journals Electrokinetic-enhanced removal of toluene from physically heterogeneous granular porous media

2020 ◽  
pp. qjegh2020-073
Author(s):  
Richard Thomas Gill ◽  
Steven Thornton ◽  
Michael J. Harbottle ◽  
Jonathan W. N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Toluene Concentration ◽  
Granular Porous Media ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Water Saturated

Electrokinetics (EK) was applied to enhance biodegradation of toluene in the low hydraulic conductivity (K) zone of a physically heterogeneous water-saturated granular porous media. The hypothesis tested was that EK transport processes, which operate independently of advection, can deliver a limiting amendment, nitrate, across a high-K–low-K boundary to stimulate bioremediation. Two types of experiment were evaluated: (1) bench-scale tests that represented the active EK system and physically heterogeneous sediment configuration; (2) microcosms that represented biodegradation in the bench-scale tests under ideal conditions. The bench-scale experiment results showed a rapid decrease in toluene concentration during the application of EK that was attributed to electroosmotic removal from low-K zones. Comparison of toluene removal rates by electroosmosis and biodegradation (microcosm) confirmed that electroosmosis was the most effective mechanism under the conditions evaluated. Overall, this work challenges the original hypothesis and indicates that, at the field scale, the most favourable conditions for biodegradation are likely to be achieved by applying EK to increase contaminant flux across the low-K–high-K boundary (out of the low-K zone) and allowing biodegradation to occur in the high-K zone either by natural attenuation or enhanced by amendment addition.Supplementary material: Supplementary material is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5174554

Impingement of liquid jets at atmospheric and elevated pressures: an observational study using paired water jets or water and methylcyclohexane jets

2010 ◽  
Vol 466 (2124) ◽  
pp. 3501-3526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiro Yasuda ◽  
Koji Yamamura ◽  
Yasuhiko H. Mori
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Liquid Jets ◽  
Immiscible Liquids ◽  
Lower Flow ◽  
Elevated Pressures ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Sheet Breakup ◽  
Lower Flow Rate

We have observed the impingement of two cylindrical liquid jets of either the same liquid, water, or two mutually immiscible liquids, water and methylcyclohexane (MCH), in either air under normal pressure (0.101 MPa) or nitrogen gas under elevated pressures up to 4.0 MPa. The flow rates of the two jets were adjusted such that they had equal axial momentum. Irrespective of the system pressure, we distinguished two characteristic regimes: the lower flow-rate regime, in which the jet impingement formed a regularly shaped planar sheet, and a higher flow-rate regime, in which a wrinkled sheet repeated azimuthal breakup. The transition from the former to the latter regime occurred at a lower flow rate for the water–MCH impingement than for the water–water impingement. An increase in the system pressure tended to shrink the liquid sheets, to promote the transition to the sheet-breakup regime and to intensify the liquid atomization. The formation of water–MCH compound droplets by the water–MCH impingement was confirmed visually.

scholarly journals Learning The Fluid/Flow Properties Using Microfluidics

2019 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 10002
Author(s):  
Pooria Hadikhani ◽  
Navid Borhani ◽  
S. Mohammad H. Hashemi ◽  
Demetri Psaltis
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Flow Rates

Deep neural networks (DNN) are employed to measure the flow rate and the concentration of the liquid using the images of the droplets in a microfluidic device. The trained networks are able to measure flow rates and concentrations with good accuracy.

Porous Media Modeling of Two-Phase Microchannel Cooling of Electronic Chips With Nonuniform Power Distribution

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Liu ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
S. C. Yao ◽  
Yubai Li
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Microchannel Cooling

Compared to single-phase heat transfer, two-phase microchannel heat sinks utilize latent heat to reduce the needed flow rate and to maintain a rather uniform temperature close to the boiling temperature. The challenge in the application of cooling for electronic chips is the necessity of modeling a large number of microchannels using large number of meshes and extensive computation time. In the present study, a modified porous media method modeling of two-phase flow in microchannels is performed. Compared with conjugate method, which considers individual channels and walls, it saves computation effort and provides a more convenient means to perform optimization of channel geometry. The porous media simulation is applied to a real chip. The channels of high heat load will have higher qualities, larger flow resistances, and lower flow rates. At a constant available pressure drop over the channels, the low heat load channels show much higher mass flow rates than needed. To avoid this flow maldistribution, the channel widths on a chip are adjusted to ensure that the exit qualities and mass flow rate of channels are more uniform. As a result, the total flow rate on the chip is drastically reduced, and the temperature gradient is also minimized. However, it only gives a relatively small reduction on the maximum surface temperature of chip.

scholarly journals Influence of mineralization and injection flow rate on flow patterns in three-dimensional porous media

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (27) ◽  
pp. 14605-14611 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Moosavi ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
A. De Wit ◽  
M. Schröter
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Injection Flow Rate ◽  
Injection Flow

At low flow rates, the precipitate forming at the miscible interface between two reactive solutions guides the evolution of the flow field.

Numerical Investigation on Ventilation Strategy for Laboratories: An Approach to Control Thermal Comfort and Air Quality Using Active Chilled Beams

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Memarzadeh ◽  
Jane Jiang ◽  
Andy Manning
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Ventilation Strategy ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Beam System ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Lower Flow Rate

Laboratories are usually equipment intensive. The supply flow rates required to cool these laboratories are generally higher than in a less equipment intensive zone of the building. The thermal comfort of occupants in laboratories can be controlled by the choice of ventilation strategy. This study employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation to assess the performance of active chilled beams in a general laboratory layout with some equipment intensive areas and the removal effectiveness of such a system. The chilled beam performance is also compared with at of ceiling diffusers. The results from this study show that the chilled beams improve thermal comfort, and they can be operated at as low as 4 ACH while maintaining very satisfactory average PPD (around 10%) in the occupied zones. The chilled beam system also improves removal effectiveness because of the inherent higher total supply flow rate that results in a better mixing in the room than ceiling diffusers. The chilled beams in the cases studied are seen to have an insignificant effect on the hood containment. As satisfactory thermal comfort and air quality can be achieved at a lower flow rate in comparison with all-air ceiling diffusers, a 14% saving is estimated in annual energy cost for cooling and ventilating a typical lab in the Washington DC area.

scholarly journals Four Layer Cylindrical Model of Mucus Transport in the Lung: Effect of Prolonged Cough

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Arti Saxena ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
JB Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Circular Tube ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
Serous Fluid ◽  
Mixture Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Immotile Cilia ◽  
Laminar Condition

Background: In this paper, a four layer model of the simultaneous and coaxial flow of moist air, mucus, mixture of mucin and periciliary liquid and serous fluid (assumed to be incompressible and Newtonian fluids) in a circular tube under time dependent pressure gradient representing prolonged cough is analyzed to study the mucus transport in an airway in the presence of prolonged cough. It is assumed that air and mucus flow under quasi steady state turbulent conditions while the mixture of mucin and periciliary liquid and serous layer surrounding mixture layer flows under unsteady laminar condition in presence of immotile cilia carpet. Result: It is shown that the mucus transport increases as the viscosity of serous fluid decreases. Also the mixture and serous fluid flow rates increase as the viscosity of serous fluid decreases. It is also observed that the effect of resistance to flow by serous fluid in the cilia bed is to decrease flow rates. The flow rates of mucus and mixture of mucin and periciliary fluid increase as the viscosity of mixture decreases also air and mixture of mucus and periciliary fluid flow rates increase as the thickness of mixture increases. Conclusion: As the thickness of mucus increases its flow rate increases on the other hand the mixture flow rate, mucus and serous fluid flow rate decreases with the increase of the mixture thickness. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.53-63

scholarly journals A LABORATORY SYSTEM FOR INVESTIGATING OF FLUIDS FLOW CAPACITY THROUGH UNCONSOLIDATED SAND SAMPLES

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 634-645
Author(s):  
Izzat Niazi SULAIMAN ◽  
Yahya Jirjees TAWFEEQ
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Relative Permeability ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Absolute Permeability ◽  
Sand Sample ◽  
Flow Capacity ◽  
State Process

Practically all studies of reservoir engineering involve detailed knowledge of fluid flow characteristics. The fluid flow performance in porous media is affected by pressure, flow rate, and volume of single fluid phases. Permeability is a measure of how well a porous media allows the flow of fluids through it. Permeability and porosity form the two significant characteristics of reservoir rocks. This research aimed to present the design of laboratory equipment to test the ability of fluid flow through different sandstone samples. Two sand core samples (coarse sand sample and fine sand sample) were tested. The laboratory findings measurements of porosity, saturation, total permeability, effective permeability, and relative permeability were evaluated. The laboratory tests were performed on partially saturated, unconsolidated core sand for two-phase fluid flow. The experimental work was developed for measuring the flow capacity achieved under the steady-state conditions method. Various grain sizes sands were selected as a porous medium to determine petrophysical properties and fluid flow capacity of the rock sample. Nitrogen and air were utilized as gas-phases, and, for liquid-phases, water was chosen as an injection fluid. The steady-state process method was used to determine the permeability and relative permeability of unconsolidated sands to water flow. Different flow rates were measured for different pressure gradients in a viscose flow. As the flow rate increases, the pressure difference also increased. It can be observed that there are a direct correlation and relationship between the flow rate and the pressure difference. The core plug's absolute permeability was measured using Darcy Equation. Absolute permeability does not depend on fluid characteristics but only on media properties. The sample container contains a more significant amount of sand, decrease the permeability, and therefore requires high pressure for fluid flowing within the sample.

Delay of Unsteady Flow in a Radial Diffuser

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Rotating Stall ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Flow Coefficient ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Lower Flow ◽  
Low Mass

The operation of centrifugal compressor systems is limited at low-mass flow rates by fluid flow instabilities leading to rotating stall or surge. These instabilities limit the flow range in which the compressor can operate. They also lower the performance and efficiency of the compressor. Experiments were conducted to investigate a model of radial vaneless diffuser at stall as well as stall-free operating conditions. The speed of the impeller was kept constant at 2000 RPM, while the mass flow rate was reduced gradually to scan the steady and unsteady operating conditions of the compressor. The flow rate through the compressor was gradually decreased until flow instability is initiated at the diffuser. The flow rate was further reduced to study the characteristics of rotating stall. These measurements were reported for diffuser diameter ratios, Do/Di, of 2.0 with diffuser width ratio, b/Di, of 0.055. At lower flow rates than the critical, the rotating stall pattern with one stall cell was dominant over the pattern with two cells. In addition, the instability in the diffuser was successfully delayed to a lower flow coefficient when rough surfaces were attached to one or both sides of the diffuser with the lowest values achieved by attaching the rough surface to the shroud. Results show that the roughness has no significant effect on stall cell characteristics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document