Detecting Factual and Non-Factual Content in News Articles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishan Sahu ◽  
Debapriyo Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Factual Content

Can conversation analytic findings help with differential diagnosis in routine seizure clinic interactions?

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Ekberg ◽  
Markus Reuber
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Routine Clinical Setting ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Transient Loss ◽  
Factual Content ◽  
Patient’S History ◽  
Linguistic Methods

There are many areas in medicine in which the diagnosis poses significant difficulties and depends essentially on the clinician’s ability to take and interpret the patient’s history. The differential diagnosis of transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) is one such example, in particular the distinction between epilepsy and ‘psychogenic’ non-epileptic seizures (NES) is often difficult. A correct diagnosis is crucial because it determines the choice of treatment. Diagnosis is typically reliant on patients’ (and witnesses’) descriptions; however, conventional methods of history-taking focusing on the factual content of these descriptions are associated with relatively high rates of diagnostic errors. The use of linguistic methods (particularly conversation analysis) in research settings has demonstrated that these approaches can provide hints likely to be useful in the differentiation of epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. This paper explores to what extent (and under which conditions) the findings of these previous studies could be transposed from a research into a routine clinical setting.

scholarly journals A “Scientist” on the Radio: Understanding the Framing of STEM to the Public

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-141
Author(s):  
G. Michael Bowen ◽  
Richard Zurawski ◽  
Anthony Bartley
Keyword(s):  
Information Management ◽  
News Media ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Radio Station ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Factual Content ◽  
The Many ◽  
Radio Broadcast

News media presentations of STEM (and particularly science) in various formats have been critiqued for the many ways by which they misrepresent both the facts of the discipline and the practices of the discipline and the researchers in them. Another issue is that the material is presented in a format – basically a one-way transmission – with usually little opportunity for questions by the recipients (i.e., readers, listeners, viewers, etc.) to be addressed when they don’t understand something. One news media format which might allow this dialogic activity is the radio call-in show format which is structured so that the public can ask questions of a “scientist” with the opportunity for follow-up questions to address what are discontinuities in the listener’s understanding. In this paper we document the processes by which listener interests ultimately end up discussed in the radio broadcast and what influences the “science” that is presented on-air. Our analysis reports the ways in which the STEM topics and content are mediated by radio station personnel, often times distorting the factual content available to the public and misrepresenting the practices of the research fields, as they engage in information management practices which are typical of opinion-driven shows (such as those on the topics of politics or sports) which are designed to create controversy and drama to increase ratings.

scholarly journals Facile Mechanochemical Synthesis of Nickel/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites with Unique and Tunable Morphology: Applications in Heterogeneous Catalysis and Supercapacitors

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayakrishnan Gopiraman ◽  
Somasundaram Saravanamoorthy ◽  
Dian Deng ◽  
Andivelu Ilangovan ◽  
Ick Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Ni Nanoparticles ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposites ◽  
Factual Content ◽  
Tunable Morphology ◽  
Defective Sites

In this study, a very simple and highly effective mechanochemical preparation method was developed for the preparation of Ni nanoparticles supported graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites (Ni/GO, where Ni is a composition of Ni(OH)2, NiOOH, NiO, Ni2O3 and NiO2), 3 wt% NiO/GO (Ni/GO-1) and 8 wt% NiO/GO(Ni/GO-2). The developed method is not only very simple and efficient, but also, the morphology of Ni/GO nanocomposites can be tuned by simply varying the metal loading. Morphology and specific surface area of the resultant Ni/GO nanocomposites were investigated by mean of AFM, HR-TEM and BET. Chemical sate and factual content of Ni in Ni/GO-1 and Ni/GO-2, and the presence of defective sites in Ni-nanocomposites were investigated in detail. To our delight, the prepared Ni/GO-2 demonstrated superior catalytic activity toward the reduction of 2- and 4-nitrophenol in water with high rate constant (kapp) of 35.4 × 10−3 s−1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the best efficient Ni-based graphene nanocomposites for the reduction of 2- and 4-NP reported to date. The Ni/GO-1 and Ni/GO-2 demonstrated an excellent reusability; no loss in its catalytic activity was noticed, even after 10th cycle. Surprisingly the Ni/GO-2 as electrode material exhibited an excellent specific capacitance of 461 F/g in 6 M KOH at a scan rate of 5 mV. Moreover, the Ni/GO nanocomposites were found to possess poor electrical resistance and high stability (no significant change in the specific capacitance even after 1000 cycles).

De Moeilijkheidsgraad Van Tekstbegripvragen In Nederlands En Engels

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
P. Edelenbos ◽  
Pieter Loonen ◽  
Herman Wekker
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Text Comprehension ◽  
Test Score ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Final Exams ◽  
General Test ◽  
Factual Content ◽  
Level Of Difficulty ◽  
The University

The final exams for English in Dutch secondary schools contain a multiple choice component for text comprehension. The questions in this component are mainly about factual content but progressively also about communicative aspects such as opinions and style. It is usually assumed that the latter add to the level of difficulty of the test in general. But is this really the case? In a (limited) project caried out by the University of Groningen this assumption has been tested in six pre-final forms at three grammartype schools, by setting the same test in Dutch and in English within a six-week interval. At the same time the influence of vocabulary command was mapped out against the overall test results. The communicative questions did not turn out to be more difficult in English than in Dutch and there appeared to be a strong correlation between the overall (not: single item) vocabulary command and general test score. The average test results were considerably higher (4.0) for the Dutch test than for the equivalent English one.

Virtual reality as an ecologically valid tool for assessing multifaceted episodic memory in children and adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Picard ◽  
Maria Abram ◽  
Eric Orriols ◽  
Pascale Piolino
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Feature Binding ◽  
Factual Content ◽  
Definition Of

The majority of episodic memory (EM) tests are far removed from what we experience in daily life and from the definition of this type of memory. This study examines the developmental trajectory of the main aspects of episodic memory—what, where, and when—and of feature binding in a naturalistic virtual environment. A population of 125 participants aged from 6 to 24 years was asked to navigate, by using a joystick, in a virtual urban environment composed of specific areas, and to memorize as many elements as possible (e.g., scenes, details, spatial and temporal contexts). The ability to recall factual content associated to details or spatiotemporal context increased steadily from the age of 8 to young adulthood. These results indicate main developmental differences in feature binding abilities in naturalistic events which are very sensitive to age in comparison with a standard EM assessment. Virtual reality therefore appears to be an appropriate technique to assess crucial aspects of EM development in children and adolescents and it should provide helpful tools for the detection of subtle memory deficits.

Amnestic people with Alzheimer's disease who remembered the Kobe earthquake

1998 ◽  
Vol 172 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Ikeda ◽  
Etsuro Mori ◽  
Nobutsugu Hirono ◽  
Toru Imamura ◽  
Tatsuo Shimomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Kobe Earthquake ◽  
Factual Content ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

BackgroundEmotional memory is a special category of memory for events arousing strong emotions. To investigate the effects of emotional involvement on memory retention in individuals with Alzheimer's disease we studied peoples' memories of distressing experiences during a devastating earthquake.MethodFifty-one subjects with probable Alzheimer's disease who experienced the Kobe earthquake at home in the greater Kobe area were studied. Memories of the earthquake were assessed 6 and 10 weeks after the disaster in semi-structured interviews, and were compared with memories of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination given after the earthquake.ResultsForty-four (86.3%) of the subjects remembered the earthquake and 16 (31.4%) of subjects remembered the MRI experience. Factual content of the earthquake was lost in most of the subjects.ConclusionsFear reinforces memory retention of an episode in subjects with Alzheimer's disease but does not enhance retention of its context, despite repeated exposure to the information.

scholarly journals Implementing Recommendations for Introductory Biology by Writing a New Textbook

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Barsoum ◽  
Patrick J. Sellers ◽  
A. Malcolm Campbell ◽  
Laurie J. Heyer ◽  
Christopher J. Paradise
Keyword(s):  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Introductory Biology ◽  
Accurate Perception ◽  
Factual Content ◽  
Introductory Biology Course ◽  
Course Outcomes ◽  
Principles Of Learning ◽  
Better Than

We redesigned the undergraduate introductory biology course by writing a new textbook (Integrating Concepts in Biology [ICB]) that follows first principles of learning. Our approach emphasizes primary data interpretation and the utility of mathematics in biology, while de-emphasizing memorization. This redesign divides biology into five big ideas (information, evolution, cells, emergent properties, homeostasis), addressing each at five levels of organization (molecules, cells, organisms, populations, ecological systems). We compared our course outcomes with two sections that used a traditional textbook and were taught by different instructors. On data interpretation assessments administered periodically during the semester, our students performed better than students in the traditional sections (p = 0.046) and exhibited greater improvement over the course of the semester (p = 0.015). On factual content assessments, our students performed similarly to students in the other sections (p = 0.737). Pre- and postsemester assessment of disciplinary perceptions and self-appraisal indicate that our students acquired a more accurate perception of biology as a discipline and may have developed a more realistic evaluation of their scientific abilities than did the control students (p < 0.05). We conclude that ICB improves critical thinking, metacognition, and disciplinary perceptions without compromising content knowledge in introductory biology.

scholarly journals THE FIGURE OF I. MAZEPA IN THE MONOGRAPHIC RESEARCH OF THEODOR MASKIW

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Tetiana Yushchuk
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Political Events ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Press ◽  
Personal Contribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Factual Content ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article analyzes the monographic studies of T. Maсkiw, which concerned the figure of I. Mazepa. The personal contribution of the historian to the study of political circumstances and public sentiments in which the documents described by scientists were created, the genesis and texts of research sources, as well as their influence on memoirists of that era are determined. Attention is drawn to the refutation by scientists of falsified data and erroneous assumptions of other researchers about the figure of the hetman. The types and kinds of sources used by T. Maсkiw in his research are described. The differences in the factual content of texts of sources of different European countries, the dependence of these texts on the place of creation of the source and its author are studied, the structure, genesis and differences of the main works of the historian on this subject are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on new information on the history of Ukraine in the time of I. Mazepa, which T. Maсkiw found in European archives. The archeographic aspect of the historian’s activity is also reflected in the article. An important contribution of the author can be considered his reflections on the objectivity / subjectivity of the European press, which covered the events of Europe and Ukraine in the era of hetman I. Mazepa, its influence on European politicians, as well as the dependence of the press on the state. The main attention in the research is paid to the ukrainian-language monograph «Hetman Ivan Mazepa in the that time western European sources 1687-1709». An analysis of the change in assessments of political events in Ukraine by the foreign press after the transition of the hetman to the side of the Swedish king, a description of the reasons for this transition, the dependence of foreign assessments of the events of 1708 on the position of the Russian Empire, causes and consequences for I. Mazepa, vicissitudes of granting the hetman the title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire.

scholarly journals The weaponization of web archives: Data craft and COVID-19 publics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Acker ◽  
Mitch Chaiet
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Social Media Analytics ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Provenance Information ◽  
Web Resources ◽  
Web Archives ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Factual Content ◽  
Human Actors

An unprecedented volume of harmful health misinformation linked to the coronavirus pandemic has led to the appearance of misinformation tactics that leverage web archives in order to evade content moderation on social media platforms. Here we present newly identified manipulation techniques designed to maximize the value, longevity, and spread of harmful and non-factual content across social media using provenance information from web archives and social media analytics. After identifying conspiracy content that has been archived by human actors with the Wayback Machine, we report on user patterns of “screensampling,” where images of archived misinformation are spread via social platforms. We argue that archived web resources from the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine and subsequent screenshots contribute to the COVID-19 “misinfodemic” in platforms. Understanding these manipulation tactics that use sources from web archives reveals something vexing about information practices during pandemics—the desire to access reliable information even after it has been moderated and fact-checked, for some individuals, will give health misinformation and conspiracy theories more traction because it has been labeled as specious content by platforms.

scholarly journals Sentiment analysis and predictors of optimism: The AUA Presidential addresses, 1902-2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhil Saji
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Significant Independent Predictor ◽  
Searchable Database ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
Factual Content ◽  
American Urological Association

Objectives The annual addresses of the President of the American Urological Association (AUA) may articulate and reflect the contemporary goals, values, and concerns of contemporary AUA membership. There is no organized archive of such addresses. We aimed to create a searchable database of all AUA Presidents and their addresses to determine variables associated with speech sentiment including positivity, negativity, and emotional tone through the 117 years of the AUA’s history. Methods We queried AUA archives, journals, recorded tape, and personal records, to create a database of all existing AUA Presidential addresses and biographic data. We applied natural language processing and machine learning techniques to evaluate the addresses for overall sentiment with validation using analog analyses (i.e reading and annotation). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify significant predictors of Presidential address sentiment. Results Between 1902-2019, a total of 113 AUA meetings were held. A total of 85 of 113 (75.22%) presidential addresses were transcribed and archived in the database representing 254,124 words by male presidents with a median (IQR) age of 61.43 (53.1-66.5) years. AUA Presidents during the second half of the history of the AUA (1960-2019) were significantly older at time of inauguration and gave more positive speeches in the active voice than presidents during the first half (1902-1959) (p < .05). The only significant independent predictor of the degree of positivity in an AUA President’s annual address was speaker age (95% CI 1.007-1.119). Conclusions We created the first digital, searchable database of all AUA Presidential speeches from 1902-2019 and aim to add additional addresses prospectively. Artificial intelligence analyses mirrored the findings of human reading and demonstrated that from 1902-2019 AUA Presidential addresses became more positive and optimistic with increasing speaker age but without consistent predictors of a speech’s emotional or factual content.

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