scholarly journals A Survey on Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Fighting Against COVID-19

2022 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Jianguo Chen ◽  
Kenli Li ◽  
Zhaolei Zhang ◽  
Keqin Li ◽  
Philip S. Yu

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread rapidly worldwide, leading to a global outbreak. Most governments, enterprises, and scientific research institutions are participating in the COVID-19 struggle to curb the spread of the pandemic. As a powerful tool against COVID-19, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are widely used in combating this pandemic. In this survey, we investigate the main scope and contributions of AI in combating COVID-19 from the aspects of disease detection and diagnosis, virology and pathogenesis, drug and vaccine development, and epidemic and transmission prediction. In addition, we summarize the available data and resources that can be used for AI-based COVID-19 research. Finally, the main challenges and potential directions of AI in fighting against COVID-19 are discussed. Currently, AI mainly focuses on medical image inspection, genomics, drug development, and transmission prediction, and thus AI still has great potential in this field. This survey presents medical and AI researchers with a comprehensive view of the existing and potential applications of AI technology in combating COVID-19 with the goal of inspiring researchers to continue to maximize the advantages of AI and big data to fight COVID-19.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartikay Prasad ◽  
Vijay Kumar

Abstract It has been said that COVID-19 is a generational challenge in many ways. But, at the same time, it becomes a catalyst for collective action, innovation, and discovery. Realizing the full potential of artificial intelligence (AI) for structure determination of unknown proteins and drug discovery are some of these innovations. Potential applications of AI include predicting the structure of the infectious proteins, identifying drugs that may be effective in targeting these proteins, and proposing new chemical compounds for further testing as potential drugs. AI and machine learning (ML) allow for rapid drug development including repurposing existing drugs. Algorithms were used to search for novel or approved antiviral drugs capable of inhibiting SARS-CoV-2. This paper presents a survey of AI and ML methods being used in various biochemistry of SARS-CoV-2, from structure to drug development, in the fight against the deadly COVID-19 pandemic. It is envisioned that this study will provide AI/ML researchers and the wider community an overview of the current status of AI applications particularly in structural biology, drug repurposing and development and motivate researchers in harnessing AI potentials in the fight against COVID-19.


Author(s):  
Md Mahbub Hossain ◽  
Shah Akib Sarwar ◽  
E. Lisako J. McKyer ◽  
Ping Ma

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted health and wellbeing globally. To strengthen preventive and clinical care amid this pandemic, technological innovations like artificial intelligence (AI) are increasingly used in different contexts. This bibliometric study aimed to assess the current scholarly development and prominent research domains in applications of AI technologies in COVID-19 research. A total of 105 articles were retrieved from MEDLINE database that emphasized on the use of AI in the context of COVID-19. Most articles had multiple authors with a collaboration index of 7.18. Moreover, most of the articles were produced from the USA (22.86%) and China (21.9%), whereas developing countries were underrepresented among the contributing nations. Furthermore, several research domains were identified, including prevention and control, diagnostics, epidemiological characteristics, therapeutics, psychological conditions, and different areas of data sciences related to COVID-19. The current bibliometric evidence shows the early stage of development in this field, which necessitates equitable applications of AI in COVID-19 research emphasizing on health disparities, socio-legal issues, vaccine development, and applied public health research in this pandemic.


Author(s):  
Pravin Shende ◽  
Nikita P. Devlekar

: Stem cells (SCs) show a wide range of applications in the treatment of numerous diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. SC related research has gained popularity owing to the unique characteristics of self-renewal and differentiation. Artificial intelligence (AI), an emerging field of computer science and engineering has shown potential applications in different fields like robotics, agriculture, home automation, healthcare, banking, and transportation since its invention. This review aims to describe the various applications of AI in SC biology including understanding the behavior of SCs, recognizing individual cell type before undergoing differentiation, characterization of SCs using mathematical models and prediction of mortality risk associated with SC transplantation. This review emphasizes the role of neural networks in SC biology and further elucidates the concepts of machine learning and deep learning and their applications in SC research.


Bauingenieur ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 369-378
Author(s):  
Michael A. Kraus ◽  
Michael Drass

Zusammenfassung Die Technologie der sogenannten „Künstlichen Intelligenz/Artificial Intelligence“ (KI/AI) hält derzeit flächendeckenden und in verschiedensten Formen Einzug in den privaten wie beruflichen Alltag aller Branchen. Diesen Umstand nimmt vorliegender Aufsatz zum Anlass, zunächst die Hintergründe und Definitionen dieser Technologie aufzuarbeiten, die verschiedenen Methoden anhand von bereits umgesetzten Beispielen aus dem Bauwesen zu veranschaulichen und schließlich die Potenziale für künftige Anwendungen der KI aufzuzeigen. Bei der Auswahl der Veranschaulichungsbeispiele wurde versucht, ein möglichst breites Spektrum von Anwendungen der KI im Bauwesen und benachbarter Disziplinen zu präsentieren: einerseits dient die KI als Alternative zu etablierten numerischen Verfahren wie der Finite-Elemente-Methode bei der Berechnung und Bemessung von Tragwerken und Bauteilen und andererseits lassen sich bildverarbeitende KI-Methoden von der Bauüberwachung bis hin zur produktionsbegleitenden Werkstoffkontrolle vielfältig erfolgreich und praxisnah einsetzen. Besonders erwähnenswert ist, dass die dargestellte physik-informierte KI keine „big data“-Situation bedingt und somit für die Baupraxis interessant ist.


2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Dong ◽  
Huiqun Wu ◽  
Dong Zhou ◽  
Kaixiang Li ◽  
Yuanpeng Zhang ◽  
...  

AbstractCOVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread rapidly and affected most of the world since its outbreak in Wuhan, China, which presents a major challenge to the emergency response mechanism for sudden public health events and epidemic prevention and control in all countries. In the face of the severe situation of epidemic prevention and control and the arduous task of social management, the tremendous power of science and technology in prevention and control has emerged. The new generation of information technology, represented by big data and artificial intelligence (AI) technology, has been widely used in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management of COVID-19 as an important basic support. Although the technology has developed, there are still challenges with respect to epidemic surveillance, accurate prevention and control, effective diagnosis and treatment, and timely judgement. The prevention and control of sudden infectious diseases usually depend on the control of infection sources, interruption of transmission channels and vaccine development. Big data and AI are effective technologies to identify the source of infection and have an irreplaceable role in distinguishing close contacts and suspicious populations. Advanced computational analysis is beneficial to accelerate the speed of vaccine research and development and to improve the quality of vaccines. AI provides support in automatically processing relevant data from medical images and clinical features, tests and examination findings; predicting disease progression and prognosis; and even recommending treatment plans and strategies. This paper reviews the application of big data and AI in the COVID-19 prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management decisions in China to explain how to apply big data and AI technology to address the common problems in the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the findings regarding the application of big data and AI technologies in sudden public health events lack validation of repeatability and universality, current studies in China have shown that the application of big data and AI is feasible in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These studies concluded that the application of big data and AI technology can contribute to prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management decision making regarding sudden public health events in the future.


2020 ◽  
Vol 237 (12) ◽  
pp. 1438-1441
Author(s):  
Soenke Langner ◽  
Ebba Beller ◽  
Felix Streckenbach

AbstractMedical images play an important role in ophthalmology and radiology. Medical image analysis has greatly benefited from the application of “deep learning” techniques in clinical and experimental radiology. Clinical applications and their relevance for radiological imaging in ophthalmology are presented.


Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Jerry D. Darsey ◽  
Anindya Ghosh ◽  
Hong-Yu Li ◽  
Mary Q. Yang ◽  
...  

Background: The development of cancer drugs is among the most focused “bench to bedside activities” to improve human health. Because of the amount of data publicly available to cancer research, drug development for cancers has significantly benefited from big data and AI. In the meantime, challenges, like curating the data of low quality, remain to be resolved. Objective: This review focused on the recent advancements in and challenges of AI in developing cancer drugs. Method: We discussed target validation, drug repositioning, de novo design, and compounds' synthetic strategies. Results and Conclusion: AI can be applied to all stages during drug development, and some excellent reviews detailing the applications of AI in specific stages are available.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Faizal khan ◽  
Sultan Refa Alotaibi

Mobile health (m-health) is the term of monitoring the health using mobile phones and patient monitoring devices etc. It has been often deemed as the substantial breakthrough in technology in this modern era. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics have been applied within the m-health for providing an effective healthcare system. Various types of data such as electronic health records (EHRs), medical images, and complicated text which are diversified, poorly interpreted, and extensively unorganized have been used in the modern medical research. This is an important reason for the cause of various unorganized and unstructured datasets due to emergence of mobile applications along with the healthcare systems. In this paper, a systematic review is carried out on application of AI and the big data analytics to improve the m-health system. Various AI-based algorithms and frameworks of big data with respect to the source of data, techniques used, and the area of application are also discussed. This paper explores the applications of AI and big data analytics for providing insights to the users and enabling them to plan, using the resources especially for the specific challenges in m-health, and proposes a model based on the AI and big data analytics for m-health. Findings of this paper will guide the development of techniques using the combination of AI and the big data as source for handling m-health data more effectively.


Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1575
Author(s):  
Silvia Pecere ◽  
Sebastian Manuel Milluzzo ◽  
Gianluca Esposito ◽  
Emanuele Dilaghi ◽  
Andrea Telese ◽  
...  

The development of convolutional neural networks has achieved impressive advances of machine learning in recent years, leading to an increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. AI networks have been trained to differentiate benign from malignant lesions, analyze endoscopic and radiological GI images, and assess histological diagnoses, obtaining excellent results and high overall diagnostic accuracy. Nevertheless, there data are lacking on side effects of AI in the gastroenterology field, and high-quality studies comparing the performance of AI networks to health care professionals are still limited. Thus, large, controlled trials in real-time clinical settings are warranted to assess the role of AI in daily clinical practice. This narrative review gives an overview of some of the most relevant potential applications of AI for gastrointestinal diseases, highlighting advantages and main limitations and providing considerations for future development.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-He Xu ◽  
Zhi-Bin Niu ◽  
Yan-Sen Chen

Abstract. Big data are significant to the quantitative analysis and contribute to the data-driven scientific research and discoveries. Here the thorough introduction is given on the Geobiodiversity database (GBDB), a comprehensive stratigraphic and palaeontological database. The GBDB includes abundant geological records from China and contributes a serial of scientific studies on early Palaeozoic palaeogeography, tectonic and biodiversity evolution of China. Nevertheless, the existing problems of the GBDB limited the using of its data. The turnover and improvement of the GBDB were started in 2019. Besides the data collecting, processing and visualization as the GBDB did previously, the database and the website are optimized and re-designed, the new GBDB working team pays more attention to data analyzing with the professional artificial intelligence techniques. GBDB is complementary to other related databases, and further collaborations are proposed to mutually benefit and push forward the quantitative research of palaeontology and stratigraphy in the era of big data. The datasets (Xu, 2020) are freely downloadable from http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667645.


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