scholarly journals CVSS: Ubiquitous and Broken

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Howland
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
The Core ◽  
Vulnerability Management ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Common ◽  
Private Corporations ◽  
Specification Document

The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is at the core of vulnerability management for systems of private corporations to highly classified government networks, allowing organizations to prioritize remediation in descending order of risk. With a lack of justification for its underlying formula, inconsistencies in its specification document, and no correlation to exploited vulnerabilities in the wild, it is unable to provide a meaningful metric for describing a vulnerability's severity, let alone risk. As it stands, this standard compromises the security of America?s most sensitive information systems.

scholarly journals Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Jacobs ◽  
sasha romanosky ◽  
Ben Edwards ◽  
Michael Roytman ◽  
Idris Adjerid
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Security Technologies ◽  
Security Industry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Vulnerability Management ◽  
In The Wild

Despite the large investments in information security technologies and research over the past decades, the information security industry is still immature when it comes to vulnerability management. In particular, the prioritization of remediation efforts within vulnerability management programs predominantly relies on a mixture of subjective expert opinion, and severity scores. Compounding the need for prioritization is the increase in the number of vulnerabilities the average enterprise has to remediate. This paper describes the first open, data-driven framework for assessing vulnerability threat, that is, the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the first twelve months after public disclosure. This scoring system has been designed to be simple enough to be implemented by practitioners without specialized tools or software, yet provides accurate estimates(ROC AUC=0.838of exploitation. Moreover, the implementation is flexible enough that it can be updated as more, and better, data becomes available. We call this system the Exploit Prediction Scoring System, EPSS.

Assessment of the cybersecurity vulnerability of construction networks

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharadwaj R.K. Mantha ◽  
Borja García de Soto
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Vulnerability Management ◽  
The Common ◽  
Project Participants ◽  
Aec Industry

PurposeThe aim of this study is o examine the advantages and disadvantages of different existing scoring systems in the cybersecurity domain and their applicability to the AEC industry and to systematically apply a scoring system to determine scores for some of the most significant construction participants.Design/methodology/approachThis study proposes a methodology that uses the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) to calculate scores and the likelihood of occurrence based on communication frequencies to ultimately determine risk categories for different paths in a construction network. As a proof of concept, the proposed methodology is implemented in a construction network from a real project found in the literature.FindingsResults show that the proposed methodology could provide valuable information to assist project participants to assess the overall cybersecurity vulnerability of construction and assist during the vulnerability-management processes. For example, a project owner can use this information to get a better understanding of what to do to limit its vulnerability, which will lead to the overall improvement of the security of the construction network.Research limitations/implicationsIt has to be noted that the scoring systems, the scores and categories adopted in the study need not necessarily be an exact representation of all the construction participants or networks. Therefore, caution should be exercised to avoid generalizing the results of this study.Practical implicationsThe proposed methodology can provide valuable information and assist project participants to assess the overall cyber-vulnerability of construction projects and support the vulnerability-management processes. For example, a project owner can use this approach to get a better understanding of what to do to limit its cyber-vulnerability exposure, which will ultimately lead to the overall improvement of the construction network's security. This study will also help raise more awareness about the cybersecurity implications of the digitalization and automation of the AEC industry among practitioners and construction researchers.Social implicationsGiven the amount of digitized services and tools used in the AEC industry, cybersecurity is increasingly becoming critical for society in general. In some cases, (e.g. critical infrastructure) incidents could have significant economic and societal or public safety implications. Therefore, proper consideration and action from the AEC research community and industry are needed.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt to measure and assess the cybersecurity of individual participants and the construction network as a whole by using the Common Vulnerability Scoring System.

Ahara as Pathya and Apathya in Amlapitta - A Review.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakshith . ◽  
Shivakumar . ◽  
Sreeharsha . ◽  
Divyasree .
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
The Core ◽  
Common Disorder ◽  
The Common

The core principles in Ayurveda give prime importance to Agni, Prakriti, Ahara (food) and Vihara (lifestyle) in maintaining health. Present era people are scheduled to one or the other works due to which they are following unrightful food and habits which lead the manifestation of one of the common disorder which troubles person a lot - Amlapitta. By excess “Hurry, Worry and Curry” GIT disorders are the most common, not only affecting physical health but also psychological and social health. Amlapitta is one of that and it is a burning problem of the whole World. Amalpitta is composed of word Amla and Pitta. Amlapitta is a very common disease caused by Vidagdha Pitta with features like Amlodgara, Tiktodgara, Hrit, Kantha Daha etc. Pathya recommended in Amlapitta are Yava, Godhuma, Purana Shali, Mudga Yusha, Lajasaktu etc. Apathya recommended in Amlapitta are Navanna, Avidugdha, Masha, Kulattha, Dadhi and etc. So this present review article throws light on Pathya (conducive) and Apathya (non conducive) in Amlapitta.

The Logicism of Frege, Dedekind, and Russell

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Demopoulos ◽  
Peter Clark
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
The Core ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
Synthetic A Priori ◽  
The Common

This article is organized around logicism's answers to the following questions: What is the basis for our knowledge of the infinity of the numbers? How is arithmetic applicable to reality? Why is reasoning by induction justified? Although there are, as is seen in this article, important differences, the common thread that runs through all three of the authors discussed in this article their opposition to the Kantian thesis that reflection on reasoning with mere concepts (i.e., without attention to intuitions formed a priori) can never succeed in providing satisfactory answers to these three questions. This description of the core of the view differs from more usual formulations which represent the opposition to Kant as an opposition to the contention that mathematics in general, and arithmetic in particular, are synthetic a priori rather than analytic.

scholarly journals Securing Remote Access to Information Systems of Critical Infrastructure Using Two-Factor Authentication

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Rasa Bruzgiene ◽  
Konstantinas Jurgilas
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Identity Management ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
User Authentication ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Cyber Threats ◽  
The Core ◽  
Common Target

Information systems of critical infrastructure provide services on which the core functions of a state and its economy depend as well as welfare of society. Such systems are becoming an increasingly common target for crimes and attacks in cyberspace, as their vulnerabilities can be exploited for malicious activities seeking financial or political gain. One of the main reasons that threatens the security of these systems is the weak control of remote access, otherwise defined as management of a system’s user identity. Management of user identity depends on user authentication, authorization and the assignment of certain rights in the digital space. This paper provides the proposed two-factor (2FA) digital authentication method for remote access to an information system of a critical infrastructure. Results of testing the method’s usability and resilience to cyber threats have shown that the system, in which the method was implemented, is protected from dangerous HTTP requests and publicly available system’s endpoints are protected from threatening inputs that could cause malicious activities on the critical infrastructure. Additionally, the implementation of the authentication API application ensures the rapidity of the method for less than 500 ms for 100 users working in parallel with the system at the same time.

scholarly journals A High Rigidity and Precision Scanning Tunneling Microscope with Decoupled XY and Z Scans

Scanning ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Xu Chen ◽  
Tengfei Guo ◽  
Yubin Hou ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Wenjie Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Electronic Noise ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tunneling Microscope ◽  
The Core ◽  
High Rigidity ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

A new scan-head structure for the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is proposed, featuring high scan precision and rigidity. The core structure consists of a piezoelectric tube scanner of quadrant type (for XY scans) coaxially housed in a piezoelectric tube with single inner and outer electrodes (for Z scan). They are fixed at one end (called common end). A hollow tantalum shaft is coaxially housed in the XY-scan tube and they are mutually fixed at both ends. When the XY scanner scans, its free end will bring the shaft to scan and the tip which is coaxially inserted in the shaft at the common end will scan a smaller area if the tip protrudes short enough from the common end. The decoupled XY and Z scans are desired for less image distortion and the mechanically reduced scan range has the superiority of reducing the impact of the background electronic noise on the scanner and enhancing the tip positioning precision. High quality atomic resolution images are also shown.

THE ESSENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF SELF-COMMUNICATION DISCOURSE AS AN INTERNAL DIALOGUE

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
I. A. Shapoval ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Differentiation Of Self ◽  
Mental Content ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
The Core ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Internal Dialogue ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Common

The paper presents the interdisciplinary analysis of the determinants of the system of self-communication discourse and internal dialogue as the forms of objectivation of human mental content focused on some actions for meeting some objectives. The author describes discourse as integration of communication and language processes in self-understanding and personal identity. Contextually determined and dynamic self-communication discourse, as a way of acquirement of new senses and confirmation of old ones, verbalizes current personal values. The study results reveal the characteristics and relations of the internal dialogue discourse determinants within the human objectivity–subjectivity continuum. Discourse determinants prescribe its context and rules and include the prototype place and agents with their motives and objectives. Self-positions manifested in Self and Non-Self (Other Self) binary self-predications form the core pair of agents. The modality of a person’s attitude to own Self-positions makes their communications a dialogue or a monologue on the boundary of their sub-territories as a discourse prototype place. The degree of discourse agency, its closeness within the prototype place, or transgression openness depends on the complexity and differentiation of Self-concept and ego boundaries functionality. The frustration of meta-necessity to keep self-confidence and self-acceptance by reassessment and reformation of interrelations of Self-positions determines the motives and objectives of self-communication. The common goal of self-organization is implemented through the internal dialogue in the form of institutionalization, verification, and integration of their Self-predications. Status-role characteristics of agents and functionality of discourse prototype place determine the specificity of its motives and objectives according to the systemic effects of Self-organization.

Research on Multimedia Sports Humanistic Information Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 2706-2709
Author(s):  
Ming Wen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Development Environment ◽  
Sports Culture ◽  
The Core ◽  
Set Up

With the rapid development of social productive forces and increasingly higher level of social life, the sports humanity as the core spirit of sports culture in informational times, which is the sum of the psychological aspects of sports culture from the cultural spirit. Its essence is the pursuit of truth, good and beautiful as the core values and ideals, people's healthy development as the ultimate goal. This paper discusses basic mode ,the basic framework of the multimedia sports humanistic information system, the processing technology, development environment ,tools and methods . Through the analysis program implementation elements and design ideas of multimedia sports humanistic information system, in order to set up multimedia sports humanistic information systems, we proposes a viable framework and models with a theoretical basis and practical value.

scholarly journals Assembly of T-Antigen Double Hexamers on the Simian Virus 40 Core Origin Requires Only a Subset of the Available Binding Sites

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2677-2687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo S. Joo ◽  
Henry Y. Kim ◽  
John D. Purviance ◽  
K. R. Sreekumar ◽  
Peter A. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
The Core ◽  
Structural Distortions ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Sv40 Dna ◽  
Initial Assembly

ABSTRACT Initiation of simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication is dependent upon the assembly of two T-antigen (T-ag) hexamers on the SV40 core origin. To further define the oligomerization mechanism, the pentanucleotide requirements for T-ag assembly were investigated. Here, we demonstrate that individual pentanucleotides support hexamer formation, while particular pairs of pentanucleotides suffice for the assembly of T-ag double hexamers. Related studies demonstrate that T-ag double hexamers formed on “active pairs” of pentanucleotides catalyze a set of previously described structural distortions within the core origin. For the four-pentanucleotide-containing wild-type SV40 core origin, footprinting experiments indicate that T-ag double hexamers prefer to bind to pentanucleotides 1 and 3. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate that only two of the four pentanucleotides in the core origin are necessary for T-ag assembly and the induction of structural changes in the core origin. Since all four pentanucleotides in the wild-type origin are necessary for extensive DNA unwinding, we concluded that the second pair of pentanucleotides is required at a step subsequent to the initial assembly process.

scholarly journals THE FUNCTION OF INFORMAL GUANXI CIRCLE IN ANCIENT CHINA POLITICAL STRUCTURE

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Ruihui Han
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Previous Researcher ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Common

Guanxi circle play a critical role in ancient China politics. Based on guanxi, two kinds of guanxi groups formed: formal guanxi circle and informal guanxi circle. The former refers to the group centered the emperor; the latter refers to the groups with the powerful and charismatic figures as the core, except for the emperor. In order to consolidate the political power, the emperors in different periods would try to prevent the informal guanxi circle in political structure. Besides, various scriptures also denounce the informal guanxi circle, deeming such circle as harmful. The judgement of informal guanxi circle appeals to research, as there is no previous researcher has address such problems. This study set out to examine whether the informal guanxi circle is harmful to the whole political structure. Results show that the informal guanxi circle, in the antecedent of satisfactory communication, can be extremely meaningful to the whole political structure. This study implies that the fact of informal guanxi circle is on the contrary of the common sense derived from the scriptures and the superficial ancient political activities, such as the emperor’s order to prevent the informal guanxi circle. The findings can contribute a better understanding of the ancient informal guanxi circle in ancient political structure in China.

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