Histidine Kinases: Diverse Functions in Plant Development and Responses to Environmental Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-323
Author(s):  
Xuan Lan Thi Hoang ◽  
Sylva Prerostova ◽  
Nguyen Binh Anh Thu ◽  
Nguyen Phuong Thao ◽  
Radomira Vankova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Regulator ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Two Component System ◽  
Histidine Kinases ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Environmental Responses ◽  
Effector Response ◽  
Made In

The two-component system (TCS), which is one of the most evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway systems, has been known to regulate multiple biological activities and environmental responses in plants. Significant progress has been made in characterizing the biological functions of the TCS components, including signal receptor histidine kinase (HK) proteins, signal transducer histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins, and effector response regulator proteins. In this review, our scope is focused on the diverse structure, subcellular localization, and interactions of the HK proteins, as well as their signaling functions during development and environmental responses across different plant species. Based on data collected from scientific studies, knowledge about acting mechanisms and regulatory roles of HK proteins is presented. This comprehensive summary ofthe HK-related network provides a panorama of sophisticated modulating activities of HK members and gaps in understanding these activities, as well as the basis for developing biotechnological strategies to enhance the quality of crop plants.

scholarly journals The ArcB Sensor Kinase of Escherichia coli Autophosphorylates by an Intramolecular Reaction

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (6) ◽  
pp. 1735-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela R. Peña-Sandoval ◽  
Dimitris Georgellis
Keyword(s):  
Response Regulator ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Sensor Kinase ◽  
Two Component System ◽  
Histidine Kinases ◽  
Intramolecular Reaction ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Intermolecular Disulfide Bond ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Respiratory Conditions

ABSTRACT The Arc two-component system, comprising the ArcB sensor kinase and the ArcA response regulator, modulates the expression of numerous genes in response to the respiratory conditions of growth. ArcB is a tripartite histidine kinase whose activity is regulated by the oxidation of two cytosol-located redox-active cysteine residues that participate in intermolecular disulfide bond formation. Here we show that ArcB autophosphorylates through an intramolecular reaction which diverges from the usually envisaged intermolecular autophosphorylation of homodimeric histidine kinases.

scholarly journals PhoR1-PhoP1, a Third Two-Component System of the Family PhoRP from Myxococcus xanthus: Role in Development

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (14) ◽  
pp. 4976-4983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juana Carrero-Lérida ◽  
Aurelio Moraleda-Muñoz ◽  
Raquel García-Hernández ◽  
Juana Pérez ◽  
José Muñoz-Dorado
Keyword(s):  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Two Component System ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Histidine Kinases ◽  
Component System ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Component

ABSTRACT The pair PhoR1-PhoP1 is the third two-component system of the family PhoRP reported in M. xanthus. PhoR1 is a histidine kinase anchored to the membrane through a transmembrane domain located in the amino-terminal portion of the protein. As a result, 93% of the protein is located in the cytoplasm. This topology is unusual in the PhoR-type histidine kinases. PhoP1 is a response regulator with a helix-loop-helix motif typical of the DNA-binding proteins. Although the operon phoPR1 is expressed during vegetative growth, it peaks during development. The expression levels of this operon are higher in phosphate-containing media than in those in which the nutrient is absent. A deletion mutant in this system exhibits a delay in aggregation and the formation of fruiting bodies larger than those of the wild-type strain. The expression of the operon is autoregulated. This system is also partially responsible for the expression of Mg-independent acid and neutral phosphatases, but it is not required for the expression of alkaline phosphatases.

scholarly journals Methylation of PhoP by CheR Regulates Salmonella Virulence

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Su ◽  
Jianhui Li ◽  
Wenting Zhang ◽  
Jinjing Ni ◽  
Rui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Protein Recognition ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Two Component System ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Salmonella Virulence

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play an important role in regulating enzyme activities, protein-protein interactions, or DNA-protein recognition and, consequently, modulate many biological functions. We demonstrated that PhoP, the response regulator of PhoP/PhoQ two-component system, could be methylated on several evolutionally conserved amino acid residues.

scholarly journals The role and underlying mechanism of miR-1299 in cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. FSO693
Author(s):  
Deng Kaiyuan ◽  
Huang Lijuan ◽  
Sun Xueyuan ◽  
Zang Yunhui
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
New Perspective

A type of evolutionarily conserved, noncoding, small, endogenous, single-stranded RNA, miRNAs are widely distributed in eukaryotes, where they participate in various biological processes as critical regulatory molecules. miR-1299 has mainly been investigated in cancers. miR-1299 is a tumor suppressor that regulates the expression of its target genes, activating or inhibiting the transcription of genes regulating biological activities including cell proliferation, migration, survival and programmed cell death. miR-1299 has become a hotspot in research of disease mechanisms and biomarkers; elucidation of the regulatory roles of miR-1299 in tumorigenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and angiogenesis may provide a new perspective for understanding its biological functions as a tumor suppressor.

Reuse of Sludge from Pulp and Paper Industry Pilot and Full Scale Applications

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Eroǧlu ◽  
A. M. Saatçi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Made In

Recent advances made in the reuse of pulp and paper industry sludges in hardboard production are explained. Data obtained from pilot and full-scale plants using primary sludge of a pulp and paper industry as an additive in the production of hardboard is presented. An economic analysis of the reuse of pulp and paper primary sludge in hardboard manufacturing is given. The quality of the hardboard produced is tested and compared with the qualities of the hardboard produced by the same plant before the addition of primary sludge. The hardboard with primary sludge additive has been used in Turkey for about a year in the manufacturing of office and home furniture. The results are very satisfactory when the primary sludge is used at 1/4 ratio.

Methods for the Determination of the Purity of Exosomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (42) ◽  
pp. 4464-4485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kluszczyńska ◽  
Liliana Czernek ◽  
Wojciech Cypryk ◽  
Łukasz Pęczek ◽  
Markus Düchler
Keyword(s):  
Drug Transport ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Targeted Release

Background: Exosomes open exciting new opportunities for advanced drug transport and targeted release. Furthermore, exosomes may be used for vaccination, immunosuppression or wound healing. To fully utilize their potential as drug carriers or immune-modulatory agents, the optimal purity of exosome preparations is of crucial importance. Methods: Articles describing the isolation and purification of exosomes were retrieved from the PubMed database. Results: Exosomes are often separated from biological fluids containing high concentrations of proteins, lipids and other molecules that keep vesicle purification challenging. A great number of purification protocols have been published, however, their outcome is difficult to compare because the assessment of purity has not been standardized. In this review, we first give an overview of the generation and composition of exosomes, as well as their multifaceted biological functions that stimulated various medical applications. Finally, we describe various methods that have been used to purify small vesicles and to assess the purity of exosome preparations and critically compare the quality of these evaluation protocols. Conclusion: Combinations of various techniques have to be applied to reach the required purity and quality control of exosome preparations.

Circadian rhythms, sleep, and anti-cancer treatments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale F. Innominato ◽  
David Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Timing System ◽  
Physical Wellbeing ◽  
Circadian Timing System ◽  
Chemotherapy Agents

The circadian timing system temporally regulates biological functions relevant for psycho-physical wellbeing, spanning all the systems related to health. Hence, disruption of circadian rhythms, along with sleep cycles, is associated with the development of several diseases, including cancer. Moreover, altered circadian and sleep functions negatively impact on cancer patients’ quality of life and survival, above and beyond known determinants of outcome. This alteration can occur as a consequence of cancer, but also of anti-cancer treatments. Indeed, circadian rhythms govern also the ability of detoxifying chemotherapy agents across the 24 hours. Hence, adapting chemotherapy delivery to the molecular oscillations in relevant drug pathways can decrease toxicity to healthy cells, while increasing the number of cancer cells killing. This chronomodulated chemotherapy approach, together with the maintenance of proper circadian function throughtout the whole disease challenge, would finally result in safer and more active anticancer treatments, and in patients experiencing better quality and quantity of life.

scholarly journals Determination of Environmental Factors for the Implementation of the Exploitability Index in Industrial Aggregate Mining Using Multi-Criteria Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Julio Manuel de Luis-Ruiz ◽  
Benito Ramiro Salas-Menocal ◽  
Gema Fernández-Maroto ◽  
Rubén Pérez-Álvarez ◽  
Raúl Pereda-García
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Made In

The quality of human life is linked to the exploitation of mining resources. The Exploitability Index (EI) assesses the actual possibilities to enable a mine according to several factors. The environment is one of the most constraining ones, but its analysis is made in a shallow way. This research is focused on its determination, according to a new preliminary methodology that sets the main components of the environmental impact related to the development of an exploitation of industrial minerals and its weighting according to the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It is applied to the case of the ophitic outcrops in Cantabria (Spain). Twelve components are proposed and weighted with the AHP and an algorithm that allows for assigning a normalized value for the environmental factor to each deposit. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are applied, allowing us to map a large number of components of the environmental factors. This provides a much more accurate estimation of the environmental factor, with respect to reality, and improves the traditional methodology in a substantial way. It can be established as a methodology for mining spaces planning, but it is suitable for other contexts, and it raises developing the environmental analysis before selecting the outcrop to be exploited.

scholarly journals Downregulation of exosomal let-7d and miR-16 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Lacedonia ◽  
Giulia Scioscia ◽  
Piera Soccio ◽  
Massimo Conese ◽  
Lucia Catucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a degenerative interstitial lung disease with both a poor prognosis and quality of life once the diagnosis is made. In the last decade many features of the disease have been investigated to better understand the pathological steps that lead to the onset of the disease and, moreover, different types of biomarkers have been tested to find valid diagnostic, prognostic and therapy response predictive ones. In the complexity of IPF, microRNA (miRNAs) biomarker investigation seems to be promising. Methods We analysed the expression of five exosomal miRNAs supposed to have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease from serum of a group of IPF patients (n = 61) and we compared it with the expression of the same miRNAs in a group of healthy controls (n = 15). Results In the current study what emerged is let-7d down-regulation and, unexpectedly, miR-16 significant down-regulation. Moreover, through a cross-sectional analysis, a clustering of the expression of miR-16, miR-21 and miR-26a was found. Conclusions These findings could help the individuation of previously unknown key players in the pathophysiology of IPF and, most interestingly, more specific targets for the development of effective medications.

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