scholarly journals An Electrochemically Activated Nanofilm for Sustainable Mg Anode with Fast Charge Transfer Kinetics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Jaegeon Ryu ◽  
Scott A McClary ◽  
Daniel M Long ◽  
Mingxia Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Film Resistance ◽  
Extended Time ◽  
Interfacial Stability ◽  
Interfacial Film ◽  
Fast Charge ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Highly reversible Mg plating/stripping is key for rechargeable Mg batteries and has typically been successfully demonstrated using transient electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry measurements. However, little effort has been invested in studying the stability of the electrode/electrolyte interface over an extended time. We report here the development an in situ generated surface film for Mg anodes based on electrodeposited bismuth (E_Bi). This film improves the interfacial stability of Mg in contact with the electrolyte, particularly over an extended time, and possesses fast charge-transfer kinetics (< 30 Ω∙cm2) and low non-time-sensitive interfacial film resistance (ca. 5 Ω∙cm2) for active Mg species.

Influence of ion-milling on the T2 phase in Al-2.5%Li-2.5%Cu alloy

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
J. R. Reed ◽  
D. J. Michel ◽  
P. R. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Thin Foil ◽  
Icosahedral Symmetry ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aluminum Solid Solution ◽  
In Situ Heating ◽  
The Stability

The Al6Li3Cu (T2) phase, which exhibits five-fold or icosahedral symmetry, forms through solid state precipitation in dilute Al-Li-Cu alloys. Recent studies have reported that the T2 phase transforms either during TEM examination of thin foils or following ion-milling of thin foil specimens. Related studies have shown that T2 phase transforms to a microcrystalline array of the TB phase and a dilute aluminum solid solution during in-situ heating in the TEM. The purpose of this paper is to report results from an investigation of the influence of ion-milling on the stability of the T2 phase in dilute Al-Li-Cu alloy.The 3-mm diameter TEM disc specimens were prepared from a specially melted Al-2.5%Li-2.5%Cu alloy produced by conventional procedures. The TEM specimens were solution heat treated 1 h at 550°C and aged 1000 h at 190°C in air to develop the microstructure. The disc specimens were electropolished to achieve electron transparency using a 20:80 (vol. percent) nitric acid: methanol solution at -60°C.

scholarly journals Underground Microseismic Event Monitoring and Localization within Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2830
Author(s):  
Sili Wang ◽  
Mark P. Panning ◽  
Steven D. Vance ◽  
Wenzhan Song
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Localization Algorithm ◽  
Distributed Sensors ◽  
Distributed Sensor ◽  
Microseismic Events ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability And Accuracy

Locating underground microseismic events is important for monitoring subsurface activity and understanding the planetary subsurface evolution. Due to bandwidth limitations, especially in applications involving planetarily-distributed sensor networks, networks should be designed to perform the localization algorithm in-situ, so that only the source location information needs to be sent out, not the raw data. In this paper, we propose a decentralized Gaussian beam time-reverse imaging (GB-TRI) algorithm that can be incorporated to the distributed sensors to detect and locate underground microseismic events with reduced usage of computational resources and communication bandwidth of the network. After the in-situ distributed computation, the final real-time location result is generated and delivered. We used a real-time simulation platform to test the performance of the system. We also evaluated the stability and accuracy of our proposed GB-TRI localization algorithm using extensive experiments and tests.

scholarly journals A Superhydrophobic, Antibacterial, and Durable Surface of Poplar Wood

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1885
Author(s):  
Xinyu Wu ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Jian Gan ◽  
Zhangqian Kong ◽  
Yan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Alkali Resistance ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Acid And Alkali Resistance ◽  
The Stability

The silver particles were grown in situ on the surface of wood by the silver mirror method and modified with stearic acid to acquire a surface with superhydrophobic and antibacterial properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray energy spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze the reaction mechanism of the modification process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle tests were used to characterize the wettability and surface morphology. A coating with a micro rough structure was successfully constructed by the modification of stearic acid, which imparted superhydrophobicity and antibacterial activity to poplar wood. The stability tests were performed to discuss the stability of its hydrophobic performance. The results showed that it has good mechanical properties, acid and alkali resistance, and UV stability. The durability tests demonstrated that the coating has the function of water resistance and fouling resistance and can maintain the stability of its hydrophobic properties under different temperatures of heat treatment.

Controllable Synthesis of Ultrathin Layered Transition Metallic Hydroxide/Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 Hybrid Nanosheets for High-Performance Supercapacitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunli Liu ◽  
Yang Bai ◽  
Ji Wang ◽  
Ziming Qiu ◽  
Huan Pang
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Controllable Synthesis ◽  
Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework ◽  
Fast Charge ◽  
Energy Conversion And Storage ◽  
And Storage

Two-dimensional (2D) materials with structures having diverse features are promising for application in energy conversion and storage. A stronger layered orientation can guarantee fast charge transfer along the 2D planes...

scholarly journals Effect of Surfactant Molecular Structure on Emulsion Stability Investigated by Interfacial Dilatational Rheology

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Yuejie Jin ◽  
Dingrong Liu ◽  
Jinhua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Interfacial Film ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Rheological Method ◽  
Viscoelastic Modulus ◽  
Hydrophobic Chain ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Branched Structure

Polyglycerol polyricinolate (PGPR) and polyglycerol-2 dioleate were selected as model surfactants to construct water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, and the effect of interfacial rheological properties of surfactant film on the stability of emulsions were investigated based on the interfacial dilatational rheological method. The hydrophobicity chain of PGPR is polyricinic acid condensed from ricinic acid, and that of polyglycerol-2 dioleate is oleic acid. Their dynamic interfacial tensions in 15 cycles of interfacial compression-expansion were determined. The interfacial dilatational viscoelasticity was analyzed by amplitude scanning in the range of 1–28% amplitude and frequency sweep in the range of 5–45 mHz under 2% amplitude. It was found that PGPR could quickly reach adsorption equilibrium and form interfacial film with higher interfacial dilatational viscoelastic modulus to resist the deformation of interfacial film caused by emulsion coalescence, due to its branched chain structure and longer hydrophobic chain, and the emulsion thus presented good stability. However, polyglycerol-2 dioleate with a straight chain structure had lower interfacial tension, and it failed to resist the interfacial disturbance caused by coalescence because of its lower interfacial dilatational viscoelastic modulus, and thus the emulsion was unstable. This study reveals profound understanding of the influence of branched structure of PGPR hydrophobic chain on the interfacial film properties and the emulsion stability, providing experimental reference and theoretical guidance for future design or improvement of surfactant.

scholarly journals Charge Transfer Complexes of Ketotifen with 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone and 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquodimethane: Spectroscopic Characterization Studies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2039
Author(s):  
Gamal A. E. Mostafa ◽  
Ahmed Bakheit ◽  
Najla AlMasoud ◽  
Haitham AlRabiah
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Charge Transfer Complexes ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ct Complexes

The reactions of ketotifen fumarate (KT) with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as π acceptors to form charge transfer (CT) complexes were evaluated in this study. Experimental and theoretical approaches, including density function theory (DFT), were used to obtain the comprehensive, reliable, and accurate structure elucidation of the developed CT complexes. The CT complexes (KT-DDQ and KT-TCNQ) were monitored at 485 and 843 nm, respectively, and the calibration curve ranged from 10 to 100 ppm for KT-DDQ and 2.5 to 40 ppm for KT-TCNQ. The spectrophotometric methods were validated for the determination of KT, and the stability of the CT complexes was assessed by studying the corresponding spectroscopic physical parameters. The molar ratio of KT:DDQ and KT:TCNQ was estimated at 1:1 using Job’s method, which was compatible with the results obtained using the Benesi–Hildebrand equation. Using these complexes, the quantitative determination of KT in its dosage form was successful.

scholarly journals An In-Situ Reaction Route to Molecular Level Dispersed Bisimide and ZnO Nanorod Hybrids with Efficient Photo-Induced Charge Transfer

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunzheng Lv ◽  
Lirong He ◽  
Jiahong Tang ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Chuhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Surface Photovoltage ◽  
Zno Nanorod ◽  
In Situ Reaction ◽  
Perylene Bisimide ◽  
Induced Charge

AbstractAs an important photoconductive hybrid material, perylene/ZnO has attracted tremendous attention for photovoltaic-related applications, but generally faces a great challenge to design molecular level dispersed perylenes/ZnO nanohybrids due to easy phase separation between perylenes and ZnO nanocrystals. In this work, we reported an in-situ reaction method to prepare molecular level dispersed H-aggregates of perylene bisimide/ZnO nanorod hybrids. Surface photovoltage and electric field-induced surface photovoltage spectrum show that the photovoltage intensities of nanorod hybrids increased dramatically for 100 times compared with that of pristine perylene bisimide. The enhancement of photovoltage intensities resulting from two aspects: (1) the photo-generated electrons transfer from perylene bisimide to ZnO nanorod due to the electric field formed on the interface of perylene bisimide/ZnO; (2) the H-aggregates of perylene bisimide in ZnO nanorod composites, which is beneficial for photo-generated charge separation and transportation. The introduction of ordered self-assembly thiol-functionalized perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (T-PTCDI)/ ZnO nanorod composites induces a significant improvement in incident photo-to-electron conversion efficiency. This work provides a novel mentality to boost photo-induced charge transfer efficiency, which brings new inspiration for the preparation of the highly efficient solar cell.

Interfacing RuO2 with Pt to induce efficient charge transfer from Pt to RuO2 for highly efficient and stable oxygen evolution under acidic media

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taehyun Kwon ◽  
Heesu Yang ◽  
Minki Jun ◽  
Taekyung Kim ◽  
Jinwhan Joo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Acidic Media ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Efficient Charge ◽  
Stable Oxygen ◽  
The Stability

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) requires a large overpotential which undermines the stability of electrocatalysts, typically IrOx or RuOx. RuOx is particularly vulnerable to high overpotential in acidic media, due...

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