Assessing formal teaching of ethics in physiology: an empirical survey, patterns, and recommendations

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandu Goswami ◽  
Jerry Joseph Batzel ◽  
Helmut Hinghofer-Szalkay
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
Teaching Curriculum ◽  
Medical University ◽  
E Mail

Ethics should be an important component of physiological education. In this report, we examined to what extent teaching of ethics is formally being incorporated into the physiology curriculum. We carried out an e-mail survey in which we asked the e-mail recipients whether their institution offered a course or lecture on ethics as part of the physiology teaching process at their institution, using the following query: “We are now doing an online survey in which we would like to know whether you offer a course or a lecture on ethics as part of your physiology teaching curriculum.” The response rate was 53.3%: we received 104 responses of a total of 195 sent out. Our responses came from 45 countries. While all of our responders confirmed that there was a need for ethics during medical education and scientific training, the degree of inclusion of formal ethics in the physiology curriculum varied widely. Our survey showed that, in most cases (69%), including at our Medical University of Graz, ethics in physiology is not incorporated into the physiology curriculum. Given this result, we suggest specific topics related to ethics and ethical considerations that could be integrated into the physiology curriculum. We present here a template example of a lecture “Teaching Ethics in Physiology” (structure, content, examples, and references), which was based on guidelines and case reports provided by experts in this area (e.g., Benos DJ. Ethics revisited. Adv Physiol Educ 25: 189–190, 2001). This lecture, which we are presently using in Graz, could be used as a base that could lead to greater awareness of important ethical issues in students at an early point in the educational process.

The Need for Routine Bleomycin Test Dosing in the 21st Century

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1897-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masha SH Lam
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Test Dose ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
High Grade Fever ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
E Mail

OBJECTIVE To review the clinical evidence for routine use of bleomycin test dosing. DATA SOURCES English-language review articles, references from retrieved articles, case reports, and clinical trials were identified from a MEDLINE literature search (1966–July 2005). Key search terms included bleomycin, test dose, anaphylactic reactions, and hypersensitivity. Information from an unpublished E-mail survey, the manufacturer, and the Internet was also used. DATA SYNTHESIS Early clinical trials and isolated case reports suggest that bleomycin-induced acute hypersensitivity reactions occur in 1% of patients with lymphoma and <0.5% of those with solid tumors. The reactions are mainly characterized by high-grade fever, chills, hypotension, and in a few cases, cardiovascular collapse, which can lead to death. The exact mechanism of these reactions is unclear, but is thought to be related to the release of endogenous pyrogens from the host cells. Evidence does not suggest any correlation between doses and the onset or severity of the reactions. Supportive care, including hydration, steroids, antipyretics, and antihistamines, may resolve the symptoms. However, it may not completely prevent recurrences. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of acute hypersensitivity or hyperpyrexic reactions associated with bleomycin is very low, but the reaction is potentially fatal. Clinicians should monitor their patients for any signs and symptoms of acute hyperpyrexic reactions during bleomycin administration. Since the onset of the reactions can occur with any dose of bleomycin and at any time, routine test dosing does not seem to predict when drug reactions may occur.

scholarly journals Organising distance learning for Master’s in Pharmacy in Ukraine during COVID-19 quarantine

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-60
Author(s):  
I. Nizhenkovska ◽  
O. Kuznetsova ◽  
V. Narokha
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Course Quality ◽  
Information Platform ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Distance Learning Technologies ◽  
Medical University ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Specific Distance

This article analyses the effectiveness of distance learning technologies for students in the pharmaceutical departments of the universities in Ukraine during quarantine due to the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. It is based on a study of distance learning implementation at the Department of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Toxicological Chemistry of the Bogomolets National Medical University (NMU) of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine using the NEURON education and information platform. The results of the online survey of the students of the Pharmaceutical Faculty of the Bogomolets NMU showed that online testing (99.1%), e-mail (91.2%) and text chats (88.5%) were the most commonly used distance learning technologies. The authors of the study conclude that it is necessary to develop specific distance learning technologies in medical (pharmaceutical) higher education institutions in order to increase course quality, competitiveness, flexibility and attractiveness.

scholarly journals Issue of demand of educational work at the higher school (on the experience of RyazGMU)

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-201
Author(s):  
Svetlana N. Nasekina ◽  
Yulia A. Grishenina ◽  
Elina A. Kechina
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Professional Expert ◽  
Medical University

The issue of the synthesis of professional education with an overall upbringing of university students is the main object-matter of the article. The article is aimed to represent the experience of educational work at Ryazan state medical university named by I. P. Pavlov. The mission of the higher school today is not only to provide quality education as one of the vital values, not only transfer knowledge mechanically, but also to form a comprehensively developed creative person as a professional expert with high moral qualities. Commercialization almost of all human areas, gradual shift of medicine to the services market space updates a problem of the unification of professional education with university student’s upbringing and also updates a demand of educational work and ways of its realization at the higher school as well as in medical universities. Having more than twenty years’ experience in the sphere of the higher education, the authors present their own point of view on the studied problem, as well as they give examples of teachers’ and students’ activity in all directions of educational work and development of fundamentals of medical ethics and ethical issues in clinical practice. Analyzing and generalizing the educational work experience practiced in Ryazan state medical university named by I.P. Pavlov, the authors of the article focus their attention on an integrative approach as the basic principle of organizing the educational process in a higher education institution. This process allows forming an integral person, a spiritually developed outstanding professional expert in medicine.

scholarly journals Altruistic Surrogacy – Ethical Issues and Demographic Differences in Public Opinion

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
R. Krastev ◽  
V. Mitev
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
University Education ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
One Year ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Bulgarian People

AbstractThis is the first study of the attitude of Bulgarian people towards the allowing of altruistic surrogacy which is prohibited in Bulgaria. This study used an online survey which was active during one year (July 2010-June 2011) and which was answered by 951 respondents between 18-65 years of age. The majority of them (87%) are young people between 18-43 years. The respondents are men and women with secondary, university and medical university education from the capital and the countryside. They have different marital status. The data were treated with statistical package SPSS 16. The link between the demographic characteristics (gender, age, education, marital status and place of residence) and the answers of the respondents was identified. The majority of the respondents (73%) think that the altruistic surrogacy must be allowed in Bulgaria and the main supporters are the women and the residents in the countryside – married or living with partner. Only 38% of the respondents mostly divorced middle aged persons accept the access of same sex couples to surrogacy. The majority of the respondents (53%) fear that the surrogacy may transform poor women into incubators for babies. This opinion is shared by the men, by the youngest and the oldest respondents and by the unmarried persons.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Students’ Special Curiosity in Sports Based on Some Demographic Variables

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Mehmet Yıldırım ◽  
Oktay Çoban
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
University Departments ◽  
Sport Fan ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
E Mail

The present study aims to determine special curiosity in sports among students who study at different university departments. The population of the study consists of students studying at different departments at Yozgat Bozok University during 2018-2019 academic year. The sample of the study consists of 397 students who study at different departments at Yozgat Bozok University during 2018-2019 academic year and voluntarily participated in the online survey sent them by e-mail. Survey was used as a data collection method in the study. Students’ demographic features were obtained using a “personal information form”. In order to identify students’ specific curiosity in sports, “Sport Fan Specific Curiosity Scale” adapted to Turkish context and tested for reliability and validity by Korur and Dever (2018) was used. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 18 software program. Frequency analysis, percentage analysis, arithmetic means, t test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. The findings of the analysis demonstrate that statistically significant differences were found among students’ levels of specific curiosity in sports in terms of their gender, department, family participation in sports and monthly expenses (p<0.05). On the other hand, no statistically significant differences were observed among students in terms of place of residence and family level of income (p>0.05).

An innovative approach to teaching bioethics in management of healthcare

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silviya Aleksandrova-Yankulovska
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
The North ◽  
Bioethical Issues ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Medical University

Background: Bioethical courses were introduced in the curricula in medical universities in Bulgaria in 1990s. In the beginning, the courses were mainly theoretical, and systematic case analyses and discussions of movies were introduced later on. The benefits of using films to teach ethics have been previously analyzed in the literature; however, to our knowledge such studies in Bulgaria are yet lacking. Objective: The aim of this study was to survey the opinions of students and analyze the results from the application of movies in bioethics teaching in a medical university in the north of Bulgaria. Methodology: A survey was carried out among 92 students in the management of healthcare. Two movies were used, and separate protocols for film discussion were developed. Ethical considerations: The study was conducted anonymously and with students’ free informed consent. Results and discussion: The students distinguished in total 21 different dilemmas and concepts in the first movie. The ethical dilemmas were classified into five groups: general ethical issues, deontological issues, special ethical issues, principles of bioethics, and theories of ethics. The second movie focused students’ attention on the issues of death and dying. In total, 18 elements of palliative care were described by the students. The range of different categories was a positive indicator of an increased ethical sensitivity. The students evaluated the movies’ discussions as a generally positive educational approach. They perceived the experience as contributing to their better understanding of bioethical issues. Conclusion: The innovative approach was well accepted by the students. The introduction of movies in the courses of bioethics had the potential to provide vivid illustrations of bioethical issues and to contribute to the exploration of specific theses and arguments. The presentation and discussion should be preceded by accumulation of theoretical knowledge. The future of effective bioethics education lays in the interactive involvement of students.

Utilising Indigenous Knowledge or Crime against Humanity?: A Critical Engagement with the Debate Generated by Alick Macheso’s Use of Manhood to Treat Nhova (Sunken Fontanelle)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Tembo ◽  
Allan Maganga ◽  
Peterson Dewah
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
African Ethics ◽  
Cultural Grounding ◽  
The Face ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Points Of View

 This article presents various points of view regarding the treatment of sunken fontanelle by various communities as ignited by the controversial practice of kutara(a practice that involves the father of a child sliding his penis from the lower part of the left and right cheeks to the top of the head, as well as from the lower part of the face to the top of the head, and from the lower back part of the head to the top). The story of Alick Macheso’s use of his manhood to treat nhova (sunken fontanelle) opened a Pandora’s box. The story not only attracted the attention of critics from diverse cultural and ethical backgrounds, but revealed multi-ethnic positions. That is, reactions were steeped in a multiplicity of intellectual, religious and even cultural grounding. Reactions ranged from accusations of backwardness and absurdity, through to medical and Christian orientations toward the treatment of nhova. The overarching idea is that there is a general tendency to dismiss the age-old practice of kutara,coupled with an uncritical celebration of certain positions. The debate that ensued following publication of the story seemed to revolve around ethical considerations. The school of thought that dismisses kutara with disdain regards it as unethical and unimaginable in the present-day world—it is redolent with insinuations of absurdity on the part of those that live and celebrate it. We contend that the raging debate that followed the publication of the story can best be conceptualised within the context of African ethics. We note that kutara has relevance to the spirituality, ethical values, privacy, and protection of children’s rights, among other ethical issues. It is hoped that the article will stir further debate and encourage more research among information practitioners, scholars and researchers into the ethical issues surrounding the treatment of sunken fontanelle in various African communities. It argues for an Afrocentric conceptualisation of phenomena in order to contribute to debates on the renaissance of African cultures, and stresses that it is imperative to harness the life-furthering age-old traditions in African ontological existence.

Attitude of students and teachers to distance learning during the new type of coronavirus epidemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Abaeva
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
University Students ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Type ◽  
Medical University

The article describes the experience of conducting a theoretical cycle for medical University students in isolation of students and teachers. The author analyzes a survey of students about their studies and life in quarantine, as well as teachers about the difficulties of organizing distance learning. The author concludes that this situation is a good forced experience for the organization of the educational process in the future.

EFFЕCIIVENESS OF USING NEW METHODS AND METHODS OF LEARNING THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE AS A FOREIGN IN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
S. V. Lychuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Learning System ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Methods Of Learning ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Accessible Form

The article attempts to identify effective methods of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language and to base them on the European experience. The most commonly used methods in the European practice of foreign language teaching are characterized: communicative, project, audio-lingual, distance, intensive and blended learning. The advantages of the blended learning system are examined. An interpretation of the term "blended learning" is proposed. The features of the organization of online learning and the structure of blended learning are described. The data of the conducted survey are presented: a) teachers conducting classes in Ukrainian as a foreign language; b) foreign students from different countries. Questionnaire was developed for the survey. The article proposes some tasks for teachers of Ukrainian as a foreign language, commenting on the specifics of different models of blended learning. Based on the results of the survey, the respondents outlined effective methods of teaching a foreign language, identified factors that influence the use of the blended learning model of future doctors when teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language. The advantages and prospects of using blended learning in the educational process of a higher medical institution are analyzed. The results of the study strongly suggest that the blended learning model opens up new possibilities for presenting educational material in a new and accessible form for students.

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