scholarly journals Mitochondrial Quality Surveillance: Mitophagy in cardiovascular health and disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Y. Diao ◽  
Asa B Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Mitochondrial Quality Control ◽  
Selective Autophagy ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Mitochondrial Population ◽  
Health And Disease

Selective autophagy of the mitochondria, known as mitophagy, is a major mitochondrial quality control pathway in the heart that is involved in removing unwanted or dysfunctional mitochondria from the cell. Baseline mitophagy is critical for maintaining the fitness of the mitochondrial population by continuous turnover of aged and less functional mitochondria. Mitophagy is also critical in adapting to stress associated with mitochondrial damage or dysfunction. The removal of damaged mitochondria prevents ROS-mediated damaged to proteins and DNA and suppresses activation of inflammation and cell death. Impairments in mitophagy are associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancers, inflammatory diseases, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disease. Mitophagy is a highly regulated and complex process that requires the coordination of labeling dysfunctional mitochondria for degradation while simultaneously promoting de novo autophagosome biogenesis adjacent to the cargo. In this review, we provide an update on our current understanding of these steps in mitophagy induction and discuss the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of altered mitophagy in the heart.

scholarly journals One-year Risks and Burdens of Incident Cardiovascular Disease in COVID-19: Cardiovascular Manifestations of Long COVID

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyad Al-Aly ◽  
Benjamin Bowe ◽  
Yan Xie ◽  
Evan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Department Of Veterans Affairs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
One Year ◽  
Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract The cardiovascular complications of acute COVID-19 are well described; however, a comprehensive characterization of the post-acute cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 at one year has not been undertaken. Here we use the US Department of Veterans Affairs national healthcare databases to build a cohort of 151,195 people with COVID-19, 3,670,087 contemporary and 3,656,337 historical controls to estimate risks and 1-year burdens of a set of pre-specified incident cardiovascular outcomes. We show that beyond the first 30 days of infection, people with COVID-19 are at increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease spanning several categories including cerebrovascular disorders, dysrhythmias, ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease, pericarditis, myocarditis, heart failure, and thromboembolic disease. The risks and burdens were evident among those who were non-hospitalized during the acute phase of the infection and increased in a graded fashion according to care setting of the acute infection (non-hospitalized, hospitalized, and admitted to intensive care). Taken together, our results provide evidence that risk and 1-year burden of cardiovascular disease in survivors of acute COVID-19 are substantial. Care pathways of people who survived the acute episode of COVID-19 should include attention to cardiovascular health and disease.

Mitochondrial Quality Control and Restraining Innate Immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-289
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Moehlman ◽  
Richard J. Youle
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Mitochondrial Quality Control ◽  
Selective Autophagy ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
And Function

Maintaining mitochondrial health is essential for the survival and function of eukaryotic organisms. Misfunctioning mitochondria activate stress-responsive pathways to restore mitochondrial network homeostasis, remove damaged or toxic proteins, and eliminate damaged organelles via selective autophagy of mitochondria, a process termed mitophagy. Failure of these quality control pathways is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Impairment of mitochondrial quality control has been demonstrated to activate innate immune pathways, including inflammasome-mediated signaling and the antiviral cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING)–regulated interferon response. Immune system malfunction is a common hallmark in many neurodegenerative diseases; however, whether inflammation suppresses or exacerbates disease pathology is still unclear. The goal of this review is to provide a historical overview of the field, describe mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control, and highlight recent advances on the emerging role of mitochondria in innate immunity and inflammation.

Advanced maternal age and the impact on maternal and offspring cardiovascular health

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. H387-H394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy-Lynn M. Cooke ◽  
Sandra T. Davidge
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
In Utero Environment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Impact

Delaying pregnancy, which is on the rise, may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in both women and their children. The physiological mechanisms that lead to these effects are not fully understood but may involve inadequate adaptations of the maternal cardiovascular system to pregnancy. Indeed, there is abundant evidence in the literature that a fetus developing in a suboptimal in utero environment (such as in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and/or preeclampsia) is at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood, the developmental origins of health and disease theory. Although women of advanced age are at a significantly increased risk of pregnancy complications, there is limited information as to whether advanced maternal age constitutes an added stressor on the prenatal environment of the fetus, and whether or not this is secondary to impaired cardiovascular function during pregnancy. This review summarizes the current literature available on the impact of advanced maternal age on cardiovascular adaptations to pregnancy and the role of maternal age on long-term health risks for both the mother and offspring.

Retraction Notice: Phytochemicals from Plants to Combat Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (32) ◽  
pp. 5444-5444
Author(s):  
Hannah R Vasanthi ◽  
Nitin ShriShri Mal ◽  
Dilip Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
New York ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Editorial Policy ◽  
York Academy ◽  
Editorial Policies ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Retraction Notice ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article entitled “Phytochemicals from Plants to Combat Cardiovascular Disease”, by Hannah R. Vasan-thi, Nitin ShriShri Mal, Dilip Kumar Das, published in Curr. Med. Chem. 2012; 19(14): 224251. https://www.eurekaselect.com/97287/article has been retracted on a complaint of plagiarism with a previously pub-lished article entitled “Resveratrol in cardiovascular health and disease” in the journal Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences as Ann N Y Acad Sci . 2011 Jan;1215:22-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05843.x <p> The authors were informed of this complaint and were requested to give justification on the matter, in their de-fence. However, no reply was received from them in this regard. <p> Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. <p> The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php.

Emerging Role of Mitophagy in Inflammatory Diseases: Cellular and Molecular Episodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Adil A.A. ◽  
Shabnam Ameenudeen ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
S. Hemalatha ◽  
Neesar Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Mitochondrial Quality Control ◽  
Mitochondrial Injury ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved

Mitochondria are the crucial regulators for the major source of ATP for different cellular events. Due to damage episodes, mitochondria have been established for a plethora ofalarming signals of stress that lead to cellular deterioration, thereby causing programmed cell death. Defects in mitochondria play a key role in arbitrating pathophysiological machinery with recent evince delineating a constructive role in mitophagy mediated mitochondrial injury. Mitophagy has been known for the eradication of damaged mitochondria via the autophagy process. Mitophagy has been investigated as an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. Impaired mitophagy has been critically linked with the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism is not quite revealed, and it is still debatable. The purpose of this review was to investigate the possible role of mitophagy and its associated mechanism in inflammation-mediated diseases at both the cellular and molecular levels.

The endoplasmic reticulum in cardiovascular health and disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 1209-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Millott ◽  
Elzbieta Dudek ◽  
Marek Michalak
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Integral Membrane Protein ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Set Up

The endoplasmic reticulum has an intricate network of pathways built to deal with the secretory and integral membrane protein synthesis demands of the cell, as well as adaptive responses set up for the endoplasmic reticulum to rely on when stressed. These pathways are both essential and complex, and because of these 2 factors, several situations can lead to a dysfunctional endoplasmic reticulum and result in a dysfunctional cell with the potential to contribute to the progression of disease. The endoplasmic reticulum has been implicated in several metabolic, neurodegenerative, inflammatory, autoimmune, and renal diseases and disorders, and in particular, cardiovascular diseases. The role of the endoplasmic reticulum in cardiovascular disease shows how the change in function of a particular microscopic organelle can lead to macroscopic changes in the form of disease.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Quality Control in the Heart: New Drug Targets for Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Myung Oh ◽  
Dongryeol Ryu ◽  
Sungsoo Cho ◽  
Yangsoo Jang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Mitochondrial Quality Control ◽  
New Drug

scholarly journals A Genomic Screen for Yeast Mutants Defective in Selective Mitochondria Autophagy

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 4730-4738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomotake Kanki ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Misuzu Baba ◽  
Clinton R. Bartholomew ◽  
Melinda A. Lynch-Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Yeast Mutant ◽  
Mitochondrial Quality Control ◽  
Selective Autophagy ◽  
Mitochondrial Homeostasis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genomic Screen ◽  
Yeast Mutants

Mitophagy is the process of selective mitochondrial degradation via autophagy, which has an important role in mitochondrial quality control. Very little is known, however, about the molecular mechanism of mitophagy. A genome-wide yeast mutant screen for mitophagy-defective strains identified 32 mutants with a block in mitophagy, in addition to the known autophagy-related (ATG) gene mutants. We further characterized one of these mutants, ylr356wΔ that corresponds to a gene whose function has not been identified. YLR356W is a mitophagy-specific gene that was not required for other types of selective autophagy or macroautophagy. The deletion of YLR356W partially inhibited mitophagy during starvation, whereas there was an almost complete inhibition at post-log phase. Accordingly, we have named this gene ATG33. The new mutants identified in this analysis will provide a useful foundation for researchers interested in the study of mitochondrial homeostasis and quality control.

scholarly journals Integration of cellular bioenergetics with mitochondrial quality control and autophagy

2012 ◽  
Vol 393 (12) ◽  
pp. 1485-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford G. Hill ◽  
Gloria A. Benavides ◽  
Jack R. Lancaster ◽  
Scott Ballinger ◽  
Lou Dell’Italia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Mitochondrial Quality Control ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Population ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Cellular Bioenergetics

Abstract Bioenergetic dysfunction is emerging as a cornerstone for establishing a framework for understanding the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and neurodegeneration. Recent advances in cellular bioenergetics have shown that many cells maintain a substantial bioenergetic reserve capacity, which is a prospective index of ‘healthy’ mitochondrial populations. The bioenergetics of the cell are likely regulated by energy requirements and substrate availability. Additionally, the overall quality of the mitochondrial population and the relative abundance of mitochondria in cells and tissues also impinge on overall bioenergetic capacity and resistance to stress. Because mitochondria are susceptible to damage mediated by reactive oxygen/nitrogen and lipid species, maintaining a ‘healthy’ population of mitochondria through quality control mechanisms appears to be essential for cell survival under conditions of pathological stress. Accumulating evidence suggest that mitophagy is particularly important for preventing amplification of initial oxidative insults, which otherwise would further impair the respiratory chain or promote mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The processes underlying the regulation of mitophagy depend on several factors, including the integrity of mtDNA, electron transport chain activity, and the interaction and regulation of the autophagic machinery. The integration and interpretation of cellular bioenergetics in the context of mitochondrial quality control and genetics is the theme of this review.

Astaxanthin in cardiovascular health and disease: mechanisms of action, therapeutic merits, and knowledge gaps

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Visioli ◽  
Christian Artaria
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Main Contributor ◽  
Disease Mechanisms ◽  
Health And Disease

Cardiovascular disease is the main contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide.

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