scholarly journals One-year Risks and Burdens of Incident Cardiovascular Disease in COVID-19: Cardiovascular Manifestations of Long COVID

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyad Al-Aly ◽  
Benjamin Bowe ◽  
Yan Xie ◽  
Evan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Department Of Veterans Affairs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
One Year ◽  
Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract The cardiovascular complications of acute COVID-19 are well described; however, a comprehensive characterization of the post-acute cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 at one year has not been undertaken. Here we use the US Department of Veterans Affairs national healthcare databases to build a cohort of 151,195 people with COVID-19, 3,670,087 contemporary and 3,656,337 historical controls to estimate risks and 1-year burdens of a set of pre-specified incident cardiovascular outcomes. We show that beyond the first 30 days of infection, people with COVID-19 are at increased risk of incident cardiovascular disease spanning several categories including cerebrovascular disorders, dysrhythmias, ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease, pericarditis, myocarditis, heart failure, and thromboembolic disease. The risks and burdens were evident among those who were non-hospitalized during the acute phase of the infection and increased in a graded fashion according to care setting of the acute infection (non-hospitalized, hospitalized, and admitted to intensive care). Taken together, our results provide evidence that risk and 1-year burden of cardiovascular disease in survivors of acute COVID-19 are substantial. Care pathways of people who survived the acute episode of COVID-19 should include attention to cardiovascular health and disease.

Advanced maternal age and the impact on maternal and offspring cardiovascular health

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. H387-H394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy-Lynn M. Cooke ◽  
Sandra T. Davidge
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
In Utero Environment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Impact

Delaying pregnancy, which is on the rise, may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in both women and their children. The physiological mechanisms that lead to these effects are not fully understood but may involve inadequate adaptations of the maternal cardiovascular system to pregnancy. Indeed, there is abundant evidence in the literature that a fetus developing in a suboptimal in utero environment (such as in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and/or preeclampsia) is at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood, the developmental origins of health and disease theory. Although women of advanced age are at a significantly increased risk of pregnancy complications, there is limited information as to whether advanced maternal age constitutes an added stressor on the prenatal environment of the fetus, and whether or not this is secondary to impaired cardiovascular function during pregnancy. This review summarizes the current literature available on the impact of advanced maternal age on cardiovascular adaptations to pregnancy and the role of maternal age on long-term health risks for both the mother and offspring.

scholarly journals Effects of Bilberry Supplementation on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1653
Author(s):  
Sze Wa Chan ◽  
Brian Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Benefits

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated conditions that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Oxidative stress may impair normal physiological functions, leading to various illnesses. T2DM is considered to be associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia, which may play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular complications, cancer and vision loss through cataracts and retinopathy. While conventional therapies are a cornerstone for the management of the major risk factors of metabolic syndrome, increasing antioxidant defense by increasing intake of antioxidant-rich foods may improve long term prospects in CVD, obesity and T2DM. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is one of the richest natural sources of anthocyanins which give berries their red/purple/blue coloration. Anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants and are reported to play an important role in the prevention of metabolic disease and CVD as well as cancer and other conditions. This review focuses on the potential effects of bilberry supplementation on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. Although there is evidence to support the use of bilberry supplementation as part of a healthy diet, the potential benefits from the use of bilberry supplementation in patients with T2DM or CVD needs to be clarified in large clinical trials.

scholarly journals Translating Genomic Advances to Physical Therapist Practice: A Closer Look at the Nature and Nurture of Common Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine L. Curtis ◽  
Allon Goldberg ◽  
Jeffrey A. Kleim ◽  
Steven L. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
Common Genetic Variants ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exercise Response ◽  
Health And Disease

The Human Genome Project and the International HapMap Project have yielded new understanding of the influence of the human genome on health and disease, advancing health care in significant ways. In personalized medicine, genetic factors are used to identify disease risk and tailor preventive and therapeutic regimens. Insight into the genetic bases of cellular processes is revealing the causes of disease and effects of exercise. Many diseases known to have a major lifestyle contribution are highly influenced by common genetic variants. Genetic variants are associated with increased risk for common diseases such as cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis. Exercise response also is influenced by genetic factors. Knowledge of genetic factors can help clinicians better understand interindividual differences in disease presentation, pain experience, and exercise response. Family health history is an important genetic tool and encourages clinicians to consider the wider client-family unit. Clinicians in this new era need to be prepared to guide patients and their families on a variety of genomics-related concerns, including genetic testing and other ethical, legal, or social issues. Thus, it is essential that clinicians reconsider the role of genetics in the preservation of wellness and risk for disease to identify ways to best optimize fitness, health, or recovery. Clinicians with knowledge of the influence of genetic variants on health and disease will be uniquely positioned to institute individualized lifestyle interventions, thereby fulfilling roles in prevention and wellness. This article describes how discoveries in genomics are rapidly evolving the understanding of health and disease by highlighting 2 conditions: cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis. Genetic factors related to exercise effects also are considered.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Developmental Origins of Cardiovascular Disease

Physiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suttira Intapad ◽  
Norma B. Ojeda ◽  
John Henry Dasinger ◽  
Barbara T. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health And Disease

The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) proposes that adverse events during early life program an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Experimental models provide proof of concept but also indicate that insults during early life program sex differences in adult blood pressure and cardiovascular risk. This review will highlight the potential mechanisms that contribute to the etiology of sex differences in the developmental programming of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Circulating miR-206 and Wnt-signaling are associated with cardiovascular complications and a history of preeclampsia in women

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny Schlosser ◽  
Amanpreet Kaur ◽  
Natalie Dayan ◽  
Duncan J. Stewart ◽  
Louise Pilote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Molecular Determinants ◽  
History Of

Abstract Women with a history of preeclampsia (PE) have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. However, the molecular determinants underlying this risk remain unclear. We sought to understand how circulating miRNA levels are affected by prior PE, and related to biological pathways underpinning cardiovascular disease. RNA sequencing was used to profile plasma levels of 2578 miRNAs in a retrospective study of women with a history of PE or normotensive pregnancy, in two independent cohorts with either acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (n = 17–18/group) or no ACS (n = 20/group). Differential miRNA alterations were assessed in relation to a history of PE (within each cohort) or ACS (across cohorts), and compared with miRNAs previously reported to be altered during PE. A history of PE was associated with altered levels of 30 and 20 miRNAs in the ACS and non-ACS cohorts, respectively, whereas ACS exposure was associated with alterations in 259 miRNAs. MiR-206 was identified at the intersection of all comparisons relating to past/current PE and ACS exposure, and has previously been implicated in atherogenic activities related to hepatocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Integration of all differentially altered miRNAs with their predicted and experimentally validated targets in silico revealed a number of highly targeted genes with potential atherogenic functions (including NFAT5, CCND2 and SMAD2), and one significantly enriched KEGG biological pathway (Wnt signaling) that was shared between all exposure groups. The present study provides novel insights into miRNAs, target genes and biological pathways that may underlie the long-term cardiovascular sequelae of PE.

scholarly journals Association of Retinal Age Gap with Arterial Stiffness and Incident Cardiovascular Disease

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoting Zhu ◽  
Yifan Chen ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yueye Wang ◽  
Wenyi Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cubic Splines ◽  
Fundus Images ◽  
Age Gap ◽  
One Year ◽  
Restricted Cubic Splines ◽  
Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Background: Retinal parameters could reflect systemic vascular changes. With the advances of deep learning technology, we have recently developed an algorithm to predict retinal age based on fundus images, which could be a novel biomarker for ageing and mortality. Objective: To investigate associations of retinal age gap with arterial stiffness index (ASI) and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: A deep learning (DL) model was trained based on 19,200 fundus images of 11,052 participants without any past medical history at baseline to predict the retinal age. Retinal age gap (retinal age predicted minus chronological age) was generated for the remaining 35,917 participants. Regression models were used to assess the association between retinal age gap and ASI. Cox proportional hazards regression models and restricted cubic splines were used to explore the association between retinal age gap and incident CVD. Results: We found each one-year increase in retinal age gap was associated with increased ASI (β=0.002, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.001-0.003, P<0.001). After a median follow-up of 5.83 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 5.73-5.97), 675 (2.00%) developed CVD. In the fully adjusted model, each one-year increase in retinal age gap was associated with a 3% increase in the risk of incident CVD (hazard ratio [HR]=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06, P=0.012). In the restricted cubic splines analysis, the risk of incident CVD increased significantly when retinal age gap reached 1.21 (HR=1.05; 95% CI, 1.00-1.10; P-overall <0.0001; P-nonlinear=0.0681). Conclusion: We found that retinal age gap was significantly associated with ASI and incident CVD events, supporting the potential of this novel biomarker in identifying individuals at high risk of future CVD events.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Health and Risk Management in Cancer Survivors

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7.5) ◽  
pp. 1004-1006
Author(s):  
Javid J. Moslehi
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Cardiovascular Damage ◽  
Similar Risk

Cardio-oncology is a growing field, due to several factors. These include the recognition that similar risk factors predispose people to both cardiovascular disease and cancer. In addition, certain cancers affect the heart, and cancer treatments can have short-term and long-lasting deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system. More than 40 years ago, it became evident that anthracyclines and radiation cause heart damage, and since then the list of cancer treatments that can harm the cardiovascular system has grown to include more modern treatments, such as anti-HER2 agents and angiogenesis inhibitors. Most recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been added to the list of cancer treatments that cause cardiovascular damage. ICI-associated myocarditis is a relatively rare but fatal complication that develops rapidly after initiating immunotherapy. Oncologists should be aware of the potential cardiovascular complications of cancer treatments, and should assess the cardiovascular health of all patients about to undergo therapy. Cancer survivors should be assessed and advised about prevention and treatment that may be needed to address cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Underlying cardiovascular risk and major adverse cardiovascular events after acute respiratory infection: a population-based cohort study of over 4.2 million individuals in England, 2008-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Davidson ◽  
Amitava Banerjee ◽  
Liam Smeeth ◽  
Helen I McDonald ◽  
Daniel J Grint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
One Year

Background While acute respiratory infections (ARIs) can lead to cardiovascular complications, the effect of underlying cardiovascular risk profile on ARI incidence and cardiovascular complications in those without established cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unknown. Whether to consider individuals at raised cardiovascular risk a priority group for vaccination against respiratory infections therefore remains unclear. Methods We conducted a cohort study in individuals aged 40-64 years without established CVD or a chronic health condition eligible for influenza vaccination, using Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD and Aurum data from 01/09/2008-31/08/2018 linked to Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care and Office for National Statistics mortality data from England. We classified cardiovascular risk based on diagnosed hypertension and overall predicted cardiovascular risk estimated using QRISK2 score (≥10% compared with <10%). Using multivariable Poisson regression models, we obtained incidence rate ratios (IRR) for ARI. Among individuals who had an ARI, we then used multivariable Cox regression to obtain hazard ratios (HR) for the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within one year of infection. Findings 4,212,930 individuals were included; 12.5% had hypertension and 14.4% had a QRISK2 score ≥10%. After adjusting for confounders, patients with hypertension (IRR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03-1.05) or QRISK2 score ≥10% (IRR 1.39, 1.37-1.40) had a higher incidence of ARI. Of the 442,408 individuals with an ARI, 4,196 had a MACE within one year of infection. After adjustment, hypertension (HR 1.98, 1.83-2.15) and QRISK2 score ≥10% (HR 3.65, 3.42-3.89) were associated with substantial increased risk of a MACE after infection. Interpretation People without diagnosed CVD but who have raised cardiovascular risk, measured by diagnosed hypertension or, in particular, overall predicted cardiovascular risk, have increased incidence of both ARI and cardiovascular complications following an ARI.

Cardiovascular Disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Caroline ◽  
Ryan Bradley ◽  
Mimi Guarneri
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

The older population is challenging to treat for numerous reasons, including comorbid conditions and increased susceptibility to adverse drug reactions, limiting medical therapy. They are at increased risk for loneliness and depression, which strongly impacts their cardiovascular outcomes, and they also have different values, usually prioritizing quality of life over mortality objectives. Finally, the elderly are underrepresented in cardiovascular clinical trials, thus limiting the applicability of guideline recommendations. This chapter emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive assessment of individual circumstances when assessing cardiovascular health in the elderly population. The chapter focuses on the role of nutrition, resiliency, and exercise for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Nutrient deficiencies commonly seen with cardiovascular drugs are also discussed, as well as specific integrative strategies for optimizing dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure in this population.

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