Inhibition of airway liquid secretion and its effect on the physical properties of airway mucus

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (2) ◽  
pp. L258-L263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Trout ◽  
Malcolm King ◽  
Wei Feng ◽  
Sarah K. Inglis ◽  
Stephen T. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Submucosal Gland ◽  
Rheological Analysis ◽  
Anion Secretion ◽  
Airway Mucus ◽  
Reduced Water

The combination of both Cl− and[Formula: see text] secretion inhibitors causes an accumulation of mucins within the submucosal gland ducts of acetylcholine (ACh)-treated bronchi [S. K. Inglis, M. R. Corboz, A. E. Taylor, and S. T. Ballard. Am. J. Physiol. 272 ( Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 16): L372–L377, 1997], suggesting indirectly that these agents block airway gland liquid secretion. The present study tested the hypotheses that ACh-stimulated liquid secretion is driven by Cl−and [Formula: see text] secretion and that inhibition of this process leads to secretion of a dehydrated mucus with altered rheological properties. Excised distal bronchi from pigs were pretreated with either a combination of Cl− and[Formula: see text] secretion inhibitors (bumetanide, acetazolamide, dimethylamiloride, and 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid) or the dimethyl sulfoxide vehicle and were then treated with ACh to induce secretion. The rate of mucus liquid secretion was substantially reduced when the airways were pretreated with the anion secretion inhibitors. Mucus liquid from inhibitor-pretreated airways contained almost threefold more nonvolatile solids than the control liquid. Rheological analysis revealed that mucus liquid from inhibitor-pretreated airways expressed a significantly greater log G * (rigidity factor), whereas tangent δ (recoil factor) was significantly reduced. These results suggest that 1) ACh-induced liquid secretion in bronchi is driven by both Cl− and[Formula: see text] secretion and 2) inhibition of ACh-induced liquid secretion results in the secretion of mucus with a reduced water content and altered rheological properties.

Effect of anion transport inhibition on mucus secretion by airway submucosal glands

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (2) ◽  
pp. L372-L377 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Inglis ◽  
M. R. Corboz ◽  
A. E. Taylor ◽  
S. T. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Anion Transport ◽  
Mucus Secretion ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Submucosal Gland ◽  
Anion Secretion ◽  
Submucosal Glands ◽  
Gland Duct

To model the airway glandular defect in cystic fibrosis (CF), the effect of anion secretion blockers on submucosal gland mucus secretion was investigated. Porcine distal bronchi were isolated, pretreated with a Cl- secretion blocker (bumetanide) and/or a combination of blockers to inhibit HCO3- secretion (dimethylamiloride, acetazolamide, and 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid), and then treated with acetylcholine (ACh), a glandular liquid and mucus secretagogue. Bronchi were then fixed, sectioned, and stained for mucins. Each gland duct was ranked for mucin content from zero (no mucin) to five (duct completely occluded with mucin). Untreated bronchi, bronchi treated only with ACh, and ACh-treated bronchi that received either bumetanide or the HCO3- secretion blockers all exhibited low gland duct mucin content (1.18 +/- 0.34, 0.59 +/- 0.07, 0.65 +/- 0.03, and 0.83 +/- 0.11, respectively). However, pretreatment with both Cl- and HCO3- secretion blockers before ACh addition resulted in substantial and significant ductal mucus accumulation (3.57 +/- 0.22). In situ videomicroscopy studies of intact airways confirmed these results. Thus inhibition of the anion (and presumably liquid) secretion response to ACh leads to mucus obstruction of submucosal gland ducts that resembles the early pathological changes observed in CF.

STUDY ON PHYSICAL AND SENSORICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLESH RESTRUCTURED WITH SAGO CATFISH JERKY

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Amir Jayani ◽  
Zulman Efendi ◽  
Devi Silsia
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Organoleptic Test ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aims to gain influence the thickness and concentration variations affect the characteristics of sago binder physical properties of catfish jerky. As well as getting influence the thickness and concentration variations affect the level of binder sago joy panelists in terms of organoleptic test. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using the Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA). If there is a significant difference followed by a further test of DMRT 5% level (physical properties). While the hedonic test performed using Kruskal Wallis analysis. Results uniformity analysis (ANOVA) showed catfish fillet thickness and concentration of sago affect the physical properties of the water content and the level of violence. Where catfish jerky using sago binder 5% and 10% significantly different. The use of sago binder 5% and 10% led to an increase in water content. Besides the addition of the binder resulted in increasing levels of violence catfish jerky. Based on the statistics found that the influence of the thickness and concentration of the binder sago aroma, flavor and color of the sixth jerky catfish were not significantly different. But the texture was significantly different.

scholarly journals Characterizing Soil Physical Properties for Soil Moisture Monitoring with the North Carolina Environment and Climate Observing Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 933-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weinan Pan ◽  
R. P. Boyles ◽  
J. G. White ◽  
J. L. Heitman
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Moisture Monitoring

Abstract Soil moisture has important implications for meteorology, climatology, hydrology, and agriculture. This has led to growing interest in development of in situ soil moisture monitoring networks. Measurement interpretation is severely limited without soil property data. In North Carolina, soil moisture has been monitored since 1999 as a routine parameter in the statewide Environment and Climate Observing Network (ECONet), but with little soils information available for ECONet sites. The objective of this paper is to provide soils data for ECONet development. The authors studied soil physical properties at 27 ECONet sites and generated a database with 13 soil physical parameters, including sand, silt, and clay contents; bulk density; total porosity; saturated hydraulic conductivity; air-dried water content; and water retention at six pressures. Soil properties were highly variable among individual ECONet sites [coefficients of variation (CVs) ranging from 12% to 80%]. This wide range of properties suggests very different behavior among sites with respect to soil moisture. A principal component analysis indicated parameter groupings associated primarily with soil texture, bulk density, and air-dried water content accounted for 80% of the total variance in the dataset. These results suggested that a few specific soil properties could be measured to provide an understanding of differences in sites with respect to major soil properties. The authors also illustrate how the measured soil properties have been used to develop new soil moisture products and data screening for the North Carolina ECONet. The methods, analysis, and results presented here have applications to North Carolina and for other regions with heterogeneous soils where soil moisture monitoring is valuable.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Gambut Terbakar Terhadap Beberapa Sifat Fisika Gambut di Kecamatan Tripa Makmur

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-425
Author(s):  
Teuku Muhammad Afrizal ◽  
Hairul Basri ◽  
Muhammad Rusli Alibasyah
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstrak. Gambut mengandung bahan organik yang tinggi. Gambut yang didrainase rentan terhadap kebakaran. Pemanfaatan gambut di Aceh sangat luas. Umumnya, gambut sering dibakar agar dapat dengan cepat dimanfaatkan., khususnya di Kecamatan Tripa Makmur Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa jauh tingkat perubahan sifat fisika gambut terbakar Rawa Tripa Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata berat volume tertinggi terdapat pada sampel T1 (top soil) yaitu  0,36 g cm-3 dan terendah pada T0 (sub soil) yaitu  0,17 g cm-3. Kadar air tertinggi  terdapat pada sampel T0 (sub soil)  yaitu 234,82% dan terendah pada T1 (top soil) yaitu 81,96%. Porositas tertinggi terdapat pada sampel gambut T0  (sub soil) yaitu 94,93% dan terendah pada T1 (top soil) yaitu 65,28%. Permeabilitas tertinggi terdapat pada T0 (sub soil) yaitu 33,80 cm/jam dan terendah pada T1 (top soil) yaitu 16,10 cm/jam. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada parameter berat volume dengan t hitung (3,482) t tabel (1, 943), sedangkan pada parameter lainnya tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan. Tingkat kematangan gambut di kawasan Tripa Makmur adalah hemik. Kedalaman gambut sebesar 3 meter.  Subsiden tertinggi adalah 100 cm pada gambut terbakar di tahun 2015. Warna  gambut adalah coklat kehitaman. The Effect of Burning Peat on Some of The Physical Porperties of Peat Soil in The Tripa Makmur Sub DistrictAbstract. Peat contains high organic matter. Drained peat is susceptible to fire. The use of peat in Aceh is very broad. Peat is often burned so that it can be quickly utilized especially in Tripa makmur Sub Districk, Nagan Raya Districk. This study aims to see how far the rate of change in the physical properties of peat is burning Rawa Tripa in Nagan Raya District. The results showed that the highest average of volume weight was found in T1(top soil) 0,36 g cm-3 and the lowest in T0(sub soil) 0,17 g cm-3. The highest water content was found inT0(sub soil) 234,82%  and the lowest was on T1(top soil) 81,96%. The highest porosity was found T0(sub soil) 94,93% and the lowest in T1(top soil) 65,28%. The highest permeability is found in T0(sub soil) 33,80 cm/hour and the lowest is on T1(top soil) 16,10 cm/hour. The results of statistical tests show that there is a significant difference in the parameters of volume weight with t count 3,482 t table 1,943, while in the other parameters have no significant differences. The level of maturity in the Tripa Makmur area is hemik. Peat depth of 3 meters. The highest subsidance is 100 cm on burning peat in 2015. The color of this peat is blackish brown. 

scholarly journals SIFAT FISIS PAPAN SEMEN DARI LIMBAH KULIT BATANG SAGU

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Rohny S. Maail
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Cement Board

This research objectives were to investigate possibility of using the waste of sago cortex (Ela sagu/Wa’a) in the manufacture of cement board and to determine the physical properties of cement board based on the comparison in proportion of materials (cement, sago, water)  and catalyst calcium chloride (CaCl2). Method were applied used completely randomesed design with tree replications in 3x3x3, with total 27 samples of cement board. The results shown that the waste of sago cortex ca be applied as raw materials to manufacture of cement board and fulfill the standard of particle board (JIS A 5908, 2003). The board have dencity which is almost equal to the target of dencity, lower value in water content, water absorption and thichness swelling so that have good performance in quality and stability dimensions. The sago cortex in side of base and the catalyst CaCl2 in 6% gave high performance for all physical properties of cement board.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG TERIGU DENGAN TEPUNG KENTANG HITAM (Coleus tuberosus) TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIKCOOKIES

Pro Food ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 304-310
Author(s):  
Siska Cicilia ◽  
Eko Basuki ◽  
Agustono Prarudiyanto ◽  
Ahmad Alamsyah ◽  
Dody Handito
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Cookies is one type of populer biscuits. The basic ingredients of cookies are generally wheat flour. The availability of wheat flour in Indonesia is dependent on imports. To overcome this, the substitute of wheat flour is needed. Alternative materials can from tubers one of them is a black potato. The objective of this research were to substitute wheat flour with black potato starch for cookie manufacture and to analyze chemical composition and physical properties of cookies. The design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with flour flour treatment: black potatoes are 100%, 90%: 10%, 80%: 20%, 70%: 30%, 60%: 40%, and 50%: 50%. The addition of black potato starch cause a decrease in water content, protein content, fat content and increased ash content of cookies. The addition of potato starch up to 30% produces the preferred cookies that accepted by panelists.Key words: Coleus tuberosus, cookies, wheat flourABSTRAKCookies (kue kering) merupakan salah satu jenis biskuit yang banyak disukai oleh masyarakat dari berbagai kalangan. Bahan dasar pembuatan cookies umumnya adalah tepung terigu. Ketersediaan tepung terigu di Indonesia masih tergantung pada impor. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut maka diperlukan bahan alternatif pengganti terigu. Bahan alternatif bisa berasal dari umbi-umbian salah satunya adalah kentang hitam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensubstitusi tepung terigu dengan tepung kentang hitam pada pembuatan cookies serta menganalisa komposisi kimia dan sifat fisik cookies tersebut. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan tepung terigu tepung : kentang hitam yaitu 100%, 90% : 10%, 80% : 20%, 70% : 30%, 60% : 40%, dan 50% : 50%. Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium pengolahan pangan dan laboratorium kimia dan biokimia pangan Fatepa Universitas Mataram. Penambahan tepung kentang hitam menyebabkan penurunan kadar air, kadar protein, kadar lemak dan peningkatan kadar abu cookies.Penambahan tepung kentang sampai 30% menghasilkan cookies yang disukai panelis.Kata kunci: cookies, kentang hitam, tepung terigu

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document