Effect of drink flavor and NaCL on voluntary drinking and hydration in boys exercising in the heat

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 1112-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wilk ◽  
O. Bar-Or
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Stomach Fullness ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Flavored Water ◽  
Voluntary Dehydration ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Skin Temperatures

This study was intended to assess the influence of drink flavor and composition on voluntary drinking and hydration status in children exercising intermittently at 35 +/- 1 degrees C and 45-50% relative humidity. Twelve boys (9-12 yr) performed three 3-h identical sessions (four 20-min cycling bouts at 50% maximal O2 uptake followed by 25-min rest). One of three beverages (chilled to 8-10 degrees C) was assigned to each session in a Latin-square sequence: unflavored water (W), grape-flavored water (FW), and grape-flavored water plus 6% carbohydrate and 18 mmol/l NaCl (CNa). Drinking was ad libitum. Body weight, heart rate, rectal and skin temperatures, and thirst and stomach fullness perceptions were monitored periodically. Total intake was 610, 882, and 1,157 g in W, FW, and CNa, respectively (CNa-W and CNa-FW; P < 0.05). Hypohydration was observed with W (-0.65% body wt) and FW (-0.32% body wt), but drinking CNa resulted in slight overhydration (+0.47% body wt, CNa-W, CNa-FW; P < 0.05). Other physiological and all perceptual variables were insignificantly different among trails. In conclusion, while flavoring of water reduces children's voluntary dehydration, further addition of 6% carbohydrates and 18 mmol/l NaCl prevents it altogether.

Effect of Beverage Flavor on Body Hydration in Hong Kong Chinese Children Exercising in a Hot Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Heung-Sang Wong ◽  
Feng-Hua Sun
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Total Fluid Intake ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Flavored Water ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Body Fluid Balance

The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of flavor on voluntary drinking and thermoregulatory responses in Chinese boys and girls exercising intermittently in a hot environment. Fourteen boys and girls (9 to 11 years old) performed four 3-hour intermittent exercise sessions (20-min walking sessions at 50% VO2peak followed by a 25-minute rest period) in a hot and humid environment (~30 °C ambient temperature and ~70% relative humidity). The participants consumed 1 of 4 beverages ad libitum in a randomized sequence by using a Latin-square principle: unflavored water (W), orange-flavored water (OF), lemon-flavored water (LF), and grape-flavored water (GF). No differences were observed in the total fluid intake (W vs. OF vs. LF vs. GF: Boys, 441 ± 114 vs. 493 ± 106 vs. 387 ± 83 vs. 568 ± 146 ml; Girls, 613 ± 131 vs. 923 ± 204 vs. 825 ± 157 vs. 790 ± 166 ml), urine and sweat output, and physiological perceptual variables among trials and between sexes. The results suggested that Chinese children can maintain body fluid balance while exercising moderately in a hot and humid environment by ad libitum drinking. The flavor of the beverages had no impact on the voluntary drinking and the state of hydration in the current study.

Fluid replacement and glucose infusion during exercise prevent cardiovascular drift

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 871-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Hamilton ◽  
J. Gonzalez-Alonso ◽  
S. J. Montain ◽  
E. F. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Cardiovascular Drift

This study examined the influence of both hydration and blood glucose concentration on cardiovascular drift during exercise. We first determined if the prevention of dehydration during exercise by full fluid replacement prevents the decline in stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) during prolonged exercise. On two occasions, 10 endurance-trained subjects cycled an ergometer in a 22 degrees C room for 2 h, beginning at 70 +/- 1% maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) and in a euhydrated state. During one trial, no fluid (NF) replacement was provided and the subject's body weight declined 2.09 +/- 0.19 kg or 2.9%. During the fluid replacement trial (FR), water was ingested at a rate that prevented body weight from declining after 2 h of exercise (i.e., 2.34 +/- 0.17 1/2 h). SV declined 15% and CO declined 7% during the 20- to 120-min period of the NF trial while heart rate (HR) increased 10% and O2 uptake (VO2) increased 6% (all P less than 0.05). In contrast, SV was maintained during the 20- to 120-min period of FR while HR increased 5% and thus CO actually increased 7% (all P less than 0.05). Rectal temperature, SV, and HR were similar during the 1st h of exercise during NF and FR. However, after 2 h of exercise, rectal temperature was 0.6 degree C higher (P less than 0.05) and SV and CO were 11–16% lower (P less than 0.05) during NF compared with FR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Feeding behavior of ram lambs in the feedlot receiving diets without roughage in different amounts

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-545
Author(s):  
Hermogenes Almeida Santana Junior ◽  
Mario Alves Barbosa Júnior ◽  
Elizângela Oliveira Cardoso-Santana ◽  
Antônio Hosmylton Carvalho Ferreira ◽  
Alex Lopes Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
The Times ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Male Sheep ◽  
Average Body Weight

This study aimed to evaluate the feeding behavior of Santa Inês ram lambs in the feedlot receiving diets without roughage in different amounts. Ten castrated Santa Inês male sheep with an average body weight of 20 kg and an average age of four months were used in the experiment. The following treatments were tested: T1 - animals receiving a diet ad libitum (FS100); T2 - animals receiving 95% of the amount of feed supplied in T1 (FS95); T3 - animals receiving 90% of the amount supplied in T1 (FS90); T4 - animals receiving 85% of the amount supplied in T1 (FS85); and T5 - animals receiving 80% of the amount supplied in T1 (FS80). A Latin square (5 × 5) design was adopted, using two simultaneous squares. The times spent feeding, ruminating, performing other activities; the total chewing time; and the number of periods spent feeding and on other activities changed with the reduction in the amount of feed supplied (P<0.05). Number of rumination chews per cud, time per cud, chewing speed, and time per rumination chew did not differ with the reduction of feed supply (P>0.05). Reducing the amount of feed provided to ram lambs consuming diets without roughage changes their feeding behavior.

Reliability of Urinary Dehydration Markers in Elite Youth Boxers

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damir Zubac ◽  
Drazen Cular ◽  
Uros Marusic
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Actual Body ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Actual Body Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum

Purpose:To determine the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive urinary dehydration markers in field-based settings on a day-to-day basis in elite adolescent amateur boxers.Methods:Sixty-nine urine samples were collected daily from 23 athletes (17.3 ± 1.9 y) during their weight-stable phase and analyzed by field and laboratory measures of hydration status. Urine osmolality (UOSM), urine specific gravity (USG), total protein content (TPC), and body-mass stability were evaluated to determine fluid balance and hydration status. Overall macronutrient and water intake were determined using dietary records. According to their anthropometric characteristics, athletes were assigned into 2 groups: lightweight (LWB) and heavyweight (HWB) boxers.Results:Data presented on UOSMdemonstrated a uniform increment by 11.2% ± 12.8% (LWB) and 19.9% ± 22.7% (HWB) (P < .001) over the course of the study, even during the weight-stable phase (body mass, ICC = .99) and ad libitum fluid intake (42 ± 4 mL · kg−1 · d−1). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from .52 to .55 for USGand .38 to .52 for UOSM, further indicating inconsistency of the urinary dehydration markers. Poor correlations were found between USGand TPCmetabolites (r = .27,P = .211).Conclusions:Urinary dehydration markers (both USGand UOSM) exhibit high variability and seem to be unreliable diagnostic tools to track actual body-weight loss in real-life settings. The ad libitum fluid intake was apparently inadequate to match acute fluid loss during and after intense preparation. The applicability of a single-time-point hydration-status assessment concept may preclude accurate assessment of actual body-weight deficits in youth boxers.

Effects of Carbonated and Noncarbonated Beverages at Specific Intervals during Treadmill Running in the Heat

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Patrick Lambert ◽  
Timothy L. Bleiler ◽  
Ray-Tai Chang ◽  
Alan K. Johnson ◽  
Carl V. Gisolfi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
High Fructose Corn Syrup ◽  
Fluid Consumption ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Over Time

Eight male runners performed four 2-hr treadmill runs at 65% ~ 0 , m a x in the heat (35"C, 15-20% RH). A different beverage was offered each trial and subjects drank ad libitum for 2 min every 20 min. The beverages were, 6% carbohydrate (CHO) solution (NC 6), 6% carbonated-CHO solution (C 6), 10% CHO solution (NC 10), and 10% carbonated-CHO solution (C 10). NC 6 and C 6 contained 4% sucrose and 2% glucose. NC 10 and C 10 contained high fructose corn syrup. Subjects drank more NC 6 than C 6. Fluid consumption was not different among other trials. During all trials, volume consumed and %ΔPV declined while heart rate and rectal temperature increased (p<0.05). No significant differences occurred between beverages for these variables. Percent body weight lost was greater (p<0.05) for the C 10 trial compared to the NC 6 trial. Neither sweat rate, percent fluid replaced, plasma [Na+], [K+], osmolality, percent of drink volume emptied from the stomach, or glucose concentration differed among trials. Plasma [K+] and osmolality increased (p<0.05) over time. Ratings of fullness and thirst were not different among beverages, although both perceptions increased (p<0.05) with time. It is concluded that (a) carbonation decreased the consumption of the 6% CHO beverage; (b) fluid homeostasis and thermoregulation were unaffected by the solutions ingested; and (c) fluid consumption decreased with time, while ratings of fullness and thirst increased.

Dimethylglycine supplementation in horses performing incremental treadmill exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
K. de Oliveira ◽  
D.F. Fachiolli ◽  
M.J. Watanabe ◽  
D. Tsuzukibashi ◽  
C.M.M. Bittar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Exercise

Our objective was to verify the effect of the period of dimethylglycine (DMG) supplementation in horses subjected to incremental treadmill exercise, on the metabolic and physiologic variables and indices related to physical performance. Four adult Arabian horses with a mean age of 8±1.5 years and a mean body weight of 340±10.8 kg were used. The utilised experimental design was the 4×4 Latin square, constituted by four periods of four weeks of evaluation, intercalated with four weeks of wash-out periods. The treatments consisted of periods of DMG (30 g of commercial product) administration: without supplementation, and with supplementation for 10, 20 and 30 days. There was a significant effect of the DMG supplementation given during 30 days over the reduction in the lactate concentration after the test exercise. Alterations of V200 (speed in which the horse reaches 200 heart beats/min) and VL4 (speed which corresponds to a blood lactate of 4 mmol/l) were not observed (P>0.05), however there was a travelled distance elevation in the tests in function of the increase on the days of supplementation, by linear regression (P<0.05) analysis. It was verified that there was no effect from the DMG supplementation in horses on the heart rate and there was only a significant difference between treatments for the rectal temperature after exercise, where the supplementation for 30 days resulted in values statistically superior to the control group. Therefore, we can conclude that the equine supplementation with a DMG product in the dosage of 30 g/day for a one-month period affects the lactate metabolisms, as well as increases the travelled distance during an incremental treadmill test.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENINGKATAN RASIO KONSENTRAT DALAM RANSUM KAMBING PERANAKAN ETTAWAH DI LINGKUNGAN PANAS ALAMI TERHADAP KONSUMSI RANSUM, RESPONS FISIOLOGIS, DAN PERTUMBUHAN

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Arif Qisthon ◽  
Yusuf Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Hot Environment

ABSTRACT EFFECTS OF INCREASING CONCENTRATE RATIO IN THE RATION OF PERANAKAN ETTAWAH GOAT UNDER NATURAL HEAT  ENVIRONMENT ON FEED INTAKE, PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, AND GROWTH. The research was conducted to study the effect of increasing the proportion of concentrate in the ration of Peranakan Ettawah (PE) goats. Animals were maintained in a natural hot environment on feed consumption, physiological responses, and body weight gain. The study used three male goats of PE in Latin Square design. Treatment applied was an increase in the proportion of concentrate in three forage-concentrate ratio (F:C), R1 = 85:15%; R2 = 70:30%; and R3 = 55:45%. The results showed that the treatment ratio of F:C had no effect (P> 0.05) in feed intake, respiration rate, rectal temperature, and body weight gain. In contrast, treatment affected significantly (P <0.05) heart rate, as follows R1 vs. R2 and R1 vs. R3, whereas R2 and R3 were not significantly different (P> 0.05). Keywords: Rations, heat stress, physiological, goat

Drink composition, voluntary drinking, and fluid balance in exercising, trained, heat-acclimatized boys

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita M. Rivera-Brown ◽  
Randall Gutiérrez ◽  
Juan Carlos Gutiérrez ◽  
Walter R. Frontera ◽  
Oded Bar-Or
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Power ◽  
Sweat Loss ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Flavored Water ◽  
Voluntary Dehydration ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Body Fluid Balance

This study examined the effects of beverage composition on the voluntary drinking pattern, body fluid balance, and thermoregulation of heat-acclimatized trained boys exercising intermittently in outdoor conditions (wet bulb globe temperature 30.4 ± 1.0°C). Twelve boys (age 13.4 ± 0.4 yr) performed two 3-h sessions, each consisting of four 20-min cycling bouts at 60% maximal aerobic power alternating with 25-min rest. One of two beverages was assigned: unflavored water (W) or flavored water plus 6% carbohydrate and 18 mmol/l Na (CNa). Drinking was ad libitum. Total intake was higher ( P < 0.05) during CNa (1,943 ± 190 g) compared with W (1,470 ± 143 g). Euhydration was maintained with CNa (+0.18% body wt), but a mild dehydration resulted with W (−0.94% body wt; P < 0.05). Sweat loss, much higher than previously published for children of similar age, was similar between conditions (CNa = 1,644.7 ± 117.5; W = 1,750.2 ± 152.7 g). The increase in rectal temperature (CNa = 0.86 ± 0.3; W = 0.76 ± 0.1°C), heart rate, and all perceptual variables did not differ between conditions. In conclusion, a flavored carbohydrate-electrolyte drink prevents voluntary dehydration in trained heat-acclimatized boys exercising in a tropical climate despite their large sweat losses. Because hydration changes were minor, the thermoregulatory strain observed was similar between conditions.

Ad Libitum Fluid Intake Does Not Prevent Dehydration in Suboptimally Hydrated Young Soccer Players During a Training Session of a Summer Camp

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giannis Arnaoutis ◽  
Stavros A. Kavouras ◽  
Yiannis P. Kotsis ◽  
Yiannis E. Tsekouras ◽  
Michalis Makrillos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Total Body

There is a lack of studies concerning hydration status of young athletes exercising in the heat.Purpose:To assess preexercise hydration status in young soccer players during a summer sports camp and to evaluate bodywater balance after soccer training sessions.Methods:Initial hydration status was assessed in 107 young male soccer players (age 11–16 yr) during the 2nd day of the camp. Seventy-two athletes agreed to be monitored during 2 more training sessions (3rd and 5th days of the camp) to calculate dehydration via changes in body weight, while water drinking was allowed ad libitum. Hydration status was assessed via urine specific gravity (USG), urine color, and changes in total body weight. Mean environmental temperature and humidity were 27.2 ± 2 °C and 57% ± 9%, respectively.Results:According to USG values, 95 of 107 of the players were hypohydrated (USG ≥ 1.020) before practice. The prevalence of dehydration observed was maintained on both days, with 95.8% and 97.2% of the players being dehydrated after the training sessions on the 3rd and 5th days, respectively. Despite fluid availability, 54 of the 66 (81.8%) dehydrated players reduced their body weight (–0.35 ± 0.04 kg) as a response to training, while 74.6% (47 out of the 63) further reduced their body weight (–0.22 ± 0.03 kg) after training on the 5th day.Conclusion:Approximately 90% of the young soccer players who began exercising under warm weather conditions were hypohydrated, while drinking ad libitum during practice did not prevent further dehydration in already dehydrated players.

scholarly journals Automated Noninvasive Clinical Dehydration Detection Device

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Jiang ◽  
A. Frischknecht ◽  
K. H. Sienko
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Average Heart Rate ◽  
Clinical Protocol ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Stretching Exercises

Dehydration is a common problem in healthy individuals as well as the elderly and chronically ill. People are often poorly attuned to hydration, and despite widespread awareness of the problem, fatal and near-fatal episodes occur frequently. Typical indicators of hydration status include changes in body weight, urine specific gravity, blood plasma levels, and bioelectrical impedance. Challenges to estimating hydration status from these indicators include the invasive nature of some methods as well as the cost and time required. We have developed a noninvasive device for monitoring hydration status. Our design is inspired by the traditional clinical protocol that approximates fluid loss on the order of 1-2% dehydration by assessing radial pulse before and after a supine to standing transition. The prototype comprises an inertial measurement unit (Xsens MTi) and a wearable heart rate monitor (Polar S810i). In order to compare heart rate behavior under normal and low hydration levels, fluid loss equivalent to 1-4% of the baseline body weight was induced by exercise in three healthy subjects during two data collection sessions. In the first (control) session, subjects replaced fluids every 15 minutes during exercise to maintain their body weight within 0.2% of their baseline value. Fluids were not replaced during the second (test) session, and subjects lost an average of 1.2% of their body weight. Heart rate and body position measurements were recorded before and after exercise while subjects performed repeated supine-to-standing movements and knee-to-chest stretching exercises (supine position only). All post-processing was performed using MATLAB (The MathWorks). Average heart rate was calculated over a 10 second period. Pilot data demonstrates the device's ability to detect hydration changes on the order of 1% in one-third the time required by the traditional clinical protocol (30 seconds compared to 90 seconds). The average rise time from baseline to maximum heart rate and the maximum heart rate following supine-to-standing transitions were significantly longer and greater, respectively, in the dehydrated subjects. Although not statistically significant, the average heart rate during knee-to-chest stretching exercises was elevated in the dehydrated state.

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