scholarly journals Helicobacter pyloriAntibiotic Resistance: Trends Over Time

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 895-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond G Lahaie ◽  
Christiane Gaudreau
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
The World ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Resistance Rates

Resistance to antibiotics can be a major problem in the treatment of bacterial infections. As the use of antibiotics increases, bacterial resistance to these agents is rising and in many cases is responsible for the failure of treatment regimens. Although the treatment ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection requires the use of more than one antibiotic to obtain adequate eradication rates, the efficacy of the currently used antibiotic combinations has been shown to be decreased by resistance to one of the antibiotics. The use of antibiotics in regimens for the treatment ofH pyloriis increasing in many countries, including Canada. This increase is both in the use of these antibiotics alone for the treatment of nongastrointestinal infections and in their use in association with proton pump inhibitors for the treatment ofH pyloriinfection. In several European and Asian countries, where resistance to antibiotics is being monitored, it has been demonstrated thatH pyloriresistance to metronidazole and to clarithromycin increased throughout the 1990s. Thus far, the data available in Canada do not show increased resistance to either of these antibiotics. As for other antibiotics used in the treatment ofH pyloriinfection, such as tetracycline and amoxicillin, the rate of resistance to these agents is still very low and does not constitute a significant problem. Because the efficacy of the regimens used in the treatment ofH pyloriinfection is compromised by resistance to the antibiotics used, it is important thatH pyloriresistance rates in Canada and throughout the world continue to be monitored. Only with such reliable data can the most optimal regimens be recommended.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pyloriManagement: How to Improve the Therapeutic Confusion in Practice

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl b) ◽  
pp. 21B-24B ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J Talley
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
H Pylori

There appears to be a disconnect between current guidelines forHelicobacter pyloritesting and treatment, and clinical practice, including physician beliefs and actual prescribing patterns. In particular, there are markedly different approaches in primary and secondary care, and country- specific differences in eradication therapy forH pyloriinfection. Although most physicians do not believe thatH pyloricauses nonulcer dyspepsia, the majority appear to prescribe eradication. Less information is available on the management ofH pyloriinfection and gastroesophageal reflux disease, and more marked differences in attitudes and practice occur in this condition. Even in peptic ulcer disease, where most clinicians both in primary and in secondary care believeH pylorishould be eradicated, there is often a breakdown in the translation of this belief into practice. There is also confusion in terms of treatment regimens applied forH pylorieradication. Eradication regimens are less successful in practice than in clinical trials. Furthermore, a sizable proportion of patients with peptic ulcer remain symptomatic despite cure of the ulcer diathesis, which may undermine confidence. Therapeutic confusion about what to prescribe, side effects limiting compliance, bacterial resistance, and socioeconomic factors may all impair therapeutic success with eradication therapy in practice. Unfortunately, it has been well documented that guidelines alone are likely to have little or no impact in practice. Publication in a journal is unlikely to lead to effective implementation in primary care. On the basis of available evidence, clinical behaviour is most likely changed when guidelines are developed by the peer group of clinicians for whom they were intended, are disseminated through a specific educational program, and are implemented by applying, preferably during the consultation, specific reminders.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Mongolia

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 887-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandkhai Bolor-Erdene ◽  
Bira Namdag ◽  
Yoshio Yamaoka ◽  
Sarantuya Jav
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Strip Testing ◽  
Resistance Rates

Introduction.The resistance of Helicobacter pylori to recently available antibiotic treatment regimens has been recognized as a growing problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among H. pylori strains isolated from Mongolians. Methodology. All gastric biopsy specimens were obtained during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy from patients referred for the exploration of dyspepsia. The urease positive samples by rapid urease test were cultured according to standard microbiological procedures and H. pylori were grown under microaerophilic conditions on selective Pylori agar. H. pylori antibiotic sensitivity was examined using E-test. In addition, the mutations of the corresponding gene were studied by GenoType HelicoDR DNA strip testing. Results. Three hundred twenty patients, 216 female and 104 male in the ages range of 18 to 83 years were included in this study. Rapid urease test yielded positive results for 65.9% (211/320). Among them, we have successfully obtained 72% H. pylori isolates. The antibiotic resistance rates were 35.5% for clarithromycin, 68.4% metronidazole, 23.0% amoxicillin, 25.0% tetracycline, 28.2% erythromycin and 14.5% nitrofuranton. Resistance for 2 drugs was 34.5% and that of 3 drugs was observed in 14.5% of isolates. The most prevalent mutation was A2147G followed by A2146G and D91Y. The prevalence of H. pylori infection increased among Mongolian population and the prevalence of resistance of H. pylori is very high to metronidazole, and moderate to clarithromycin. Conclusion. The data on antimicrobial susceptibilities provided by the present study is may assist the clinicians on the effectiveness of treatment regimens.

scholarly journals Supercritical Fluid Applications in the Design of Novel Antimicrobial Materials

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Zizovic
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Supercritical Fluids ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Antimicrobial Materials ◽  
The World

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the biggest problems in the modern world. The prevention of bacterial spreading from hospitals to the community and vice versa is an issue we have to deal with. This review presents a vast potential of contemporary high-pressure techniques in the design of materials with antimicrobial activity. Scientists from all over the world came up with ideas on how to exploit extraordinary properties of supercritical fluids in the production of advantageous materials in an environmentally friendly way. The review summarizes reported methods and results.

scholarly journals A New Therapeutic Candidate for Cardiovascular Diseases: Berberine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Cai ◽  
Qiqi Xin ◽  
Jinjin Lu ◽  
Yu Miao ◽  
Qian Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Prognosis

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in the world. However, due to the limited effectiveness and potential adverse effects of current treatments, the long-term prognosis of CVD patients is still discouraging. In recent years, several studies have found that berberine (BBR) has broad application prospects in the prevention and treatment of CVD. Due to its effectiveness and safety for gastroenteritis and diarrhea caused by bacterial infections, BBR has been widely used in China and other Asian countries since the middle of the last century. The development of pharmacology also provides evidence for the multi-targets of BBR in treating CVD. Researches on CVD, such as arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis and cardiomyopathy, heart failure, etc., revealed the cardiovascular protective mechanisms of BBR. This review systematically summarizes the pharmacological research progress of BBR in the treatment of CVD in recent years, confirming that BBR is a promising therapeutic option for CVD.

scholarly journals Indications and Limitations of Phage Therapy in Human Medicine: Personal Experience and Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Dublanchet ◽  
Olivier Patey ◽  
Hubert Mazure ◽  
Max Liddle ◽  
Anthony M. Smithyman
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Benefit Risk Assessment ◽  
The World ◽  
Definitive Solution ◽  
Biologic Drug

Bacteriophages, viruses that are widespread throughout the world, are highly specific for bacteria, usually of a single species and often of a particular strain. After being discovered and isolated 100 years ago, their use, called phage therapy, was instituted in medicine two years later and quickly used around the world to treat various bacterial infections. In the West, phage therapy was overshadowed in the second half of the 20th century by antibiotic therapy, which was then thought to be the definitive solution. But because of the increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics, the idea of using bacteriophages in medicine has been reawakened. The innumerable observations reported over the years in the literature constitute an invaluable experience. We and some of our colleagues have, in the last decade treated some patients compassionately. With the available documentation and our own experience we discuss the potential indications and limitations of phage therapy. The observation of the increasing number of therapeutic failures in the announced perspective of a post-antibiotic era, we believe, that the introduction of bacteriophages into the therapeutic arsenal seems conceivable today to two preconditions: that their production as biologic drug meets current regulatory standards and that the benefit-risk assessment was conducted in a modern setting. Phage therapy could be applied as a substitution or supplement to antibiotic therapy under multiple circumstances in different modes, precise indications and limits.

scholarly journals Biochemical and resistance profile of Helicobacter pylori isolated in N’Djamena in Chad

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-S) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Nadlaou Bessimbaye ◽  
Ali Mahamat Moussa ◽  
Mayanna Habkréo ◽  
Ali Senoussi Moukhtar ◽  
Choua Ouchemi
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Gastric Biopsies ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Resistance Rates

Helicobacter pylori infection and resistance to antibiotics is a public health problem. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and rates of resistance to antibiotics used in the protocol for the management of patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Spanning a period from February 2020 to February 2021, it was an observational diagnostic study on gastric biopsies and stool including 97 patients admitted for endoscopy. It was carried out according to standard methods of medical microbiology. Of 97 patients whose mean age was 46.10 years with extremes of 16 and 85 years, an infection prevalence of 60.82% was observed. 44.07% of infected patients were between 16 and 39 years old, 33.90% between 40 and 63 years old, and 22.03% between 63 and 85 years old. Significant differences were observed between the proportions of positive (81.44%) and negative (18.56%) cultures, between infection with H. pylori (75%) and other microbial agents (25.35%) with probabilities of 0.01 and 0.02 respectively. The most resistant antibiotics were: Metronidazole, Clarithromycin, Levofloxacin, Tetracycline and Amoxicillin with resistance rates of 74.58%, 16.95%, 13.56%, 8.47%, and 5.08% respectively.  The frequencies of antibiotic resistance revealed 74.58% for Metronidazole, 16.95% for Clarithromycin, 13.56% for Levofloxacin, 8.47% for Tetracycline, and 5.08% for Amoxicillin. This study made it possible to determine a significant proportion of H. pylori infection and to shed light on the resistance to the antibiotics used in the eradicating treatment of the bacteria. From this study, we retain that the prescription of Metronidazole is prohibited in Chad. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Resistance, Antibiotic, Chad.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles for Different Isolates in Aden, Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Resource-Poor Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Wafa F. S. Badulla ◽  
Mohammed Alshakka ◽  
Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resource Poor Setting ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resistance Rates

Background. There is a rapid deterioration in the effectiveness of antibiotics due to the global prevalence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR can cause an increase in mortality and morbidity due to treatment failures and a lack of effective therapy. Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the AMR pattern of different bacterial isolates at hospitals and laboratories. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study from March 2019 to June 2019 was conducted at different governmental and private hospitals and laboratories in Aden, Yemen. Age, sex, specimen type, bacterial isolates, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern were collected using a data extraction sheet. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Result. Data were recorded for 412 patients from whom 20 clinical specimens were collected and analyzed. The most common bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus spp. (n=172, 41.74%), E. coli (n=164, 39.80%), Pseudomonas spp. (n=37, 8.98%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=18, 4.36%); other bacteria were less common. The overall bacterial resistance was highest against the combination of sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim (73.12%), followed by amoxicillin and clavulanate (65.19%). The cephalosporin antibiotics also showed high resistance rates. The study also showed moderate bacterial resistance to gentamycin (32.65%), azithromycin (29.92%), cefoxitin (62.65%), and ciprofloxacin (25.60%). Ertapenem (16.67%) and levofloxacin (15.56%) had the lowest resistance rates. Conclusion. There was a high percentage of bacteria resistant to several antibiotics. Antibiotic susceptibility testing is a prerequisite guide for the selection of appropriate antibiotic therapy for bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Phage therapy of wound-associated infections

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zyman ◽  
Andrzej Górski ◽  
Ryszard Międzybrodzki
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
The World

AbstractPhages are viruses which can specifically infect bacteria, resulting in their destruction. Bacterial infections are a common complication of wound healing, and experimental evidence from animal models demonstrates promising potential for phage-dependent eradication of wound-associated infections. The studies discussed suggest that phage therapy may be an effective treatment, with important advantages over some current antibacterial treatments. Phage cocktails, as well as co-administration of phages and antibiotics, have been reported to minimise bacterial resistance. Further, phage-antibiotic synergism has been reported in some studies. The ideal dose of phages is still subject to debate, with evidence for both high and low doses to yield therapeutic effects. Novel delivery methods, such as hydrogels, are being explored for their advantages in topical wound healing. There are more and more Good Manufacturing Practice facilities dedicated to manufacturing phage products and phage therapy units across the world, showing the changing perception of phages which is occurring. However, further research is needed to secure the place of phages in modern medicine, with some scientists calling upon the World Health Organisation to help promote phage therapy.

scholarly journals Engineered CRISPR-Cas systems for the detection and control of antibiotic-resistant infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuye Wu ◽  
Dheerendranath Battalapalli ◽  
Mohammed J. Hakeem ◽  
Venkatarao Selamneni ◽  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Microbial Infections

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is spreading rapidly around the world and seriously impeding efforts to control microbial infections. Although nucleic acid testing is widely deployed for the detection of antibiotic resistant bacteria, the current techniques—mainly based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR)—are time-consuming and laborious. There is an urgent need to develop new strategies to control bacterial infections and the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The CRISPR-Cas system is an adaptive immune system found in many prokaryotes that presents attractive opportunities to target and edit nucleic acids with high precision and reliability. Engineered CRISPR-Cas systems are reported to effectively kill bacteria or even revert bacterial resistance to antibiotics (resensitizing bacterial cells to antibiotics). Strategies for combating antimicrobial resistance using CRISPR (i.e., Cas9, Cas12, Cas13, and Cas14) can be of great significance in detecting bacteria and their resistance to antibiotics. This review discusses the structures, mechanisms, and detection methods of CRISPR-Cas systems and how these systems can be engineered for the rapid and reliable detection of bacteria using various approaches, with a particular focus on nanoparticles. In addition, we summarize the most recent advances in applying the CRISPR-Cas system for virulence modulation of bacterial infections and combating antimicrobial resistance. Graphical Abstract

Increased resistance to antibiotics of H. pylori in the years 1998–2000

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A723-A723
Author(s):  
S TORACCHIO ◽  
L GROSSI ◽  
A CICCAGLIONE ◽  
G CAPPELLO ◽  
A FERRI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
H Pylori
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