scholarly journals PPARs in Calorie Restricted and Genetically Long-Lived Mice

PPAR Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal M. Masternak ◽  
Andrzej Bartke
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Longevity Genes ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptors superfamily. The three subtypes, PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ, are expressed in multiple organs. These transcription factors regulate different physiological functions such as energy metabolism (including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism), insulin action, and immunity and inflammation, and apparently also act as important mediators of longevity and aging. Calorie restriction (CR) is the most effective intervention known to delay aging and increase lifespan. Calorie restriction affects the same physiological functions as PPARs. This review summarizes recent findings on the effects of CR and aging on the expression of PPARγ,α, andβ/δin mice and discusses possible involvement of PPARs in mediating the effects of murine longevity genes. The levels of PPARs change with age and CR appears to prevent these alterations which make “PPARs-CR-AGING” dependence of considerable interest.

scholarly journals PPARs Integrate the Mammalian Clock and Energy Metabolism

PPAR Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Chen ◽  
Guangrui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Circadian Regulation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptors that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of numerous target genes. PPARs play an essential role in various physiological and pathological processes, especially in energy metabolism. It has long been known that metabolism and circadian clocks are tightly intertwined. However, the mechanism of how they influence each other is not fully understood. Recently, all three PPAR isoforms were found to be rhythmically expressed in given mouse tissues. Among them, PPARαand PPARγare direct regulators of core clock components, Bmal1 and Rev-erbα, and, conversely, PPARαis also a direct Bmal1 target gene. More importantly, recent studies using knockout mice revealed that all PPARs exert given functions in a circadian manner. These findings demonstrated a novel role of PPARs as regulators in correlating circadian rhythm and metabolism. In this review, we summarize advances in our understanding of PPARs in circadian regulation.

scholarly journals Roles of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors（PPARs）

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Benedetti
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that exert important functions in mediating the pleiotropic effects of diverse exogenous factors such as  physical exercise and food components. Particularly, PPARs act as transcription factors that control the expression of genes implicated in lipid and glucose metabolism, and cellular proliferation and  differentiation.  In this review, we aimed to summarize recent advancements reported on the effects of lifestyle and food habits on PPAR transcriptional activity.

scholarly journals PPARs as Nuclear Receptors for Nutrient and Energy Metabolism

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 2545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Hong ◽  
Shijia Pan ◽  
Yuan Guo ◽  
Pengfei Xu ◽  
Yonggong Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Metabolic Networks ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Metabolic States ◽  
Ppar Agonists ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

It has been more than 36 years since peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) were first recognized as enhancers of peroxisome proliferation. Consequently, many studies in different fields have illustrated that PPARs are nuclear receptors that participate in nutrient and energy metabolism and regulate cellular and whole-body energy homeostasis during lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, cell growth, cancer development, and so on. With increasing challenges to human health, PPARs have attracted much attention for their ability to ameliorate metabolic syndromes. In our previous studies, we found that the complex functions of PPARs may be used as future targets in obesity and atherosclerosis treatments. Here, we review three types of PPARs that play overlapping but distinct roles in nutrient and energy metabolism during different metabolic states and in different organs. Furthermore, research has emerged showing that PPARs also play many other roles in inflammation, central nervous system-related diseases, and cancer. Increasingly, drug development has been based on the use of several selective PPARs as modulators to diminish the adverse effects of the PPAR agonists previously used in clinical practice. In conclusion, the complex roles of PPARs in metabolic networks keep these factors in the forefront of research because it is hoped that they will have potential therapeutic effects in future applications.

scholarly journals Hepatic Lipid Catabolism via PPARα-Lysosomal Crosstalk

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit A. Sinha ◽  
Sangam Rajak ◽  
Brijesh K. Singh ◽  
Paul M. Yen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Reciprocal Regulation ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Lysosomal Activity ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors which belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. They regulate key aspects of energy metabolism within cells. Recently, PPARα has been implicated in the regulation of autophagy-lysosomal function, which plays a key role in cellular energy metabolism. PPARα transcriptionally upregulates several genes involved in the autophagy-lysosomal degradative pathway that participates in lipolysis of triglycerides within the hepatocytes. Interestingly, a reciprocal regulation of PPARα nuclear action by autophagy-lysosomal activity also exists with implications in lipid metabolism. This review succinctly discusses the unique relationship between PPARα nuclear action and lysosomal activity and explores its impact on hepatic lipid homeostasis under pathological conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

scholarly journals PPAR-δin Vascular Pathophysiology

PPAR Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors belong to the superfamily of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription factors, which include three subtypes: PPAR-α,β/δ, andγ. PPAR-δ, play important roles in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation as well as tissue wound and repair. Emerging evidence has also demonstrated that PPAR-δis implicated in lipids and glucose metabolism. Most recently, the direct effects of PPAR-δon cardiovascular processes such as endothelial function and angiogenesis have also been investigated. Therefore, it is suggested that PPAR-δmay have critical roles in cardiovascular pathophysiology and is a potential target for therapeutic intervention of cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Nuclear Receptors as Autophagy-Based Antimicrobial Therapeutics

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1979
Author(s):  
Prashanta Silwal ◽  
Seungwha Paik ◽  
Sang Min Jeon ◽  
Eun-Kyeong Jo
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Intracellular Process ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
X Receptors

Autophagy is an intracellular process that targets intracellular pathogens for lysosomal degradation. Autophagy is tightly controlled at transcriptional and post-translational levels. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of transcriptional factors that regulate the expression of gene sets involved in, for example, metabolic and immune homeostasis. Several NRs show promise as host-directed anti-infectives through the modulation of autophagy activities by their natural ligands or small molecules (agonists/antagonists). Here, we review the roles and mechanisms of NRs (vitamin D receptors, estrogen receptors, estrogen-related receptors, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) in linking immunity and autophagy during infection. We also discuss the potential of emerging NRs (REV-ERBs, retinoic acid receptors, retinoic acid-related orphan receptors, liver X receptors, farnesoid X receptors, and thyroid hormone receptors) as candidate antimicrobials. The identification of novel roles and mechanisms for NRs will enable the development of autophagy-adjunctive therapeutics for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Shock State

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1770-1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Esposito ◽  
Salvatore Cuzzocrea ◽  
Rosaria Meli
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Shock State ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that are related to retinoid, steroid, and thyroid hormone receptors. Three isotypes of PPARs have been identified: alpha, beta/delta, and gamma, encoded by different genes and distributed in various tissues. PPARs are implicated in the control of inflammatory responses and in energy homeostasis and, thus, can be defined as metabolic and anti-inflammatory transcription factors. They exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the induction of proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and extracellular matrix proteins, or by stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory molecules. Moreover, PPARs modulate the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of immune cells. This review presents the current state of knowledge regarding the involvement of PPARs in the control of inflammatory response, and their potential therapeutic applications in several types of shock, as well as hemorrhagic, septic, and nonseptic shock.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ as a novel and promising target for treating cancer via regulation of inflammation: A brief review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuvaraj S ◽  
B R Prashantha Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Ppar Gamma ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are group of nuclear receptors and the ligand-activated intracellular transcription factors that are known to play a key role in physiological processes such as cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, tissue remodeling, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. However, in the past two decades, many reports claim that PPARs also play an imperious role as a tumor suppressor. PPAR- gamma (PPARγ), one of the best-known from the family of PPARs, is known to express in colon, breast, bladder, lung, and prostate cancer cells. Its function in tumour cells includes the modulation of several pathways involved in multiplication and apoptosis. The ligands of PPARγ act by PPARγ dependent as well as independent pathways and are also found to regulate different inflammatory mediators and transcription factors in systemic inflammation and in tumor microenvironment. Both synthetic and natural ligands that are known to activate PPARγ, suppress the tumor cell growth and multiplication through the regulation of inflammatory pathways, as found out from different functional assays and animal studies. Cancer and inflammation are interconnected process that are now being targeted to achieve tumor suppression by decreasing the risks and burden posed by cancer cells. Therefore, PPARγ can serve as a promising target for development of clinical drug molecule attenuating the proliferation of cancer cells. In this perspective, this mini review highlights the PPARγ as a potential target for drug development aiming for anti-inflammatory and thereby suppressing tumors.

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