scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF METABOLITES OF THE GENUS ALHAGI

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Sabir Zaripbaevich Nishanbaev ◽  
Il'dar Dzhamil'yevich Shamyanov ◽  
Khayrulla Mamadievich Bobakulov ◽  
Shamansur Shahsaidovich Sagdullaev
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Antibacterial Preparation ◽  
Active Substances

In the review summarized the scientific literature on geographical distribution, the degree of knowledge of the chemical composition and biological activity of extracts and isolated individual compounds of the genus Alhagi Tourn. ex Adans. of the world flora. The structures of the isolated 300 compounds are presented belonging to the alkaloids, terpenoids, carbohydrates, hydrocarbons, lipids, and phenolic compounds. In quantitative terms, the phenolic compounds dominate, among which flavonoids belonging to the group flavone, flavonol, flavanone, isoflavone, isoflavonolignan and flavan-3-ols groups are prevails. Among them, to the chemotoxonomic markers can be include flavonols narcissin and its aglycone isorhamnetin, which are produced in major quantities in practically all species of the genus Alhagi. It was revealed that the qualitative composition of the metabolites of the same species of this genus depends on the ecological-geographical and soil-climatic conditions of their growth place. The data on the biological activity of extracts and isolated individual metabolites are considered. The main biologically active substances of the genus Alhagi are phenolic compounds. The presented information in the review shows that the plants of the genus Alhagi are promising for the creation of new pharmaceuticals. It was noted that in present time are being conducted in-depth preclinical pharmacological studies of the antioxidant preparation "Yantacin", the anti-inflammatory "Alkakhin", the biologically active complex "Alkhidin", and the antioxidant and antibacterial preparation "Zhantharid". Cited in the review information may be used as reference literature by phytochemists, biologists, and pharmacologists.

Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activity of Croton Species (Euphorbiaceae): An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-393
Author(s):  
Fernanda W.F. Bezerra ◽  
Priscila do N. Bezerra ◽  
Mozaniel S. de Oliveira ◽  
Wanessa A. da Costa ◽  
Gracialda C. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Supercritical Fluids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The World ◽  
Varied Chemical

Background: Croton species are widely spread around the world, and present a varied chemical composition distributed in many classes of secondary metabolites, such as terpenoides, alkaloids, phenolic compounds and phenylpropanoids. These compounds can be obtained by different extraction methods, and more recently, with supercritical fluids. The crude and isolated extracts may have applications due to their biological activities in animals and humans. Methods: The text was written based on literature data from 1996 onwards. Results: The research showed in a concise way the botanical and taxonomic aspects of Croton and the success of its application is in studies related to the biological activities of the plant parts. It was also related to the chemical composition of its extracts and isolated compounds, obtained by many methods. Conclusion: In summary, the review feature studies reported the use of extracts and isolated Croton compounds due to their biological effects with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antitumor, anticancer, cytotoxic, insecticidal and allelopathic activities, with potential application in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals products.

LEVISTICUM OFFICINALE (F. APIACEAE): HABITAT, BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Kubasova E.D. ◽  
Korelskaya G.V. ◽  
Kubasov R.V.
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Active Substances

The Medicinal Lovage (Levisticum Officinale) grows almost everywhere. In order to use Levisticum Officinale in economic needs, including in medicine, a number of countries are specially engaged in its cultivation. The analysis of the scientific literature revealed a large number of publications confirming the diverse chemical spectrum of rhizomes, roots and herbs of the medicinal lovage. In this regard, it is used as a medicinal raw material and is included in a number of European Pharmacopoeias. For medical purposes, all parts of this plant that contain biologically active substances can be used. Levisticum officinale contains various phytochemical compounds and secondary metabolites – terpenoids, flavonoids, essential oils, phthalides, polyacetylenes, coumarins, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic acids, polyacetylenes. All of them have properties that can have a therapeutic effect on the organism. The composition of essential oils of Levisticum Officinale is the most studied. It is mainly represented by monoterpene hydrocarbons, sexwiterpenes and phthalides. There are some differences in the chemical composition of Levisticum Officinale. Most scientists agree that such a discrepancy may be related to the period and process of harvesting plant raw materials, age, genotype of the plant, climatic conditions and place of growth, as well as the method of extraction and the method of identification and quantitative determination of biologically active substances. Therefore, there is a problem of a single universal system of preparation and further use of raw materials. The development of modern methods for analyzing the raw materials of lovage and the study of its chemical composition creates prerequisites for expanding its use as a medicinal plant.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical analysis and biochemical composition of amaranth introduced in Dagestan

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-195
Author(s):  
Ramida Gusenovna Magomedmirzoeva ◽  
Murat Sabirovich Gins ◽  
Mirali Nuralievich Dadashev
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The World ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolcarboxylic Acids ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Active Substances

Amaranth leaves are of high nutritional value, containing various metabolites, monoand disaccharides, photosynthetic pigments, unsaturated acids, phenolcarboxylic acids with high antioxidant activity. Vegetable amaranth is grown in different soil and climatic conditions all over the world. The article describes the results of physicochemical analysis of composition of amaranth plant introduced in southern Dagestan. The results of determining biochemical composition of vitamins, organic acids, antioxidants, betacyanin - amaranthin, chlorophyll, carotenoids and chlorogenic acid in the leaves of the introduced amaranth are presented. It has been shown that amaranth culture can be an important source of vitamins and valuable biologically active substances for both humans and animals. Based on the results obtained on amaranth introduction, it can be noted that cultivation of amaranth has great prospects in Southern Dagestan, as a mass crop.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF METABOLITES OF THE GENUS EQUISETUM

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
Erkin Khozhiakbarovich Botirov ◽  
Viktoriya Mikhaylovna Bonacheva ◽  
Natalya Eduardovna Kolomiets
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Natural Substances

The review summarizes the scientific literature on the degree of knowledge of the chemical composition and biological activity of metabolites and plant extracts of the genus Equisetum L. of the world flora. Many types of horsetail are widely used in folk medicine as a diuretic, hemostatic, as well as for pulmonary tuberculosis and skin diseases, ulcers, dropsy, jaundice, as a heart remedy, for diseases of the kidneys, bladder, etc. Based on extracts of the horsetail canes (Equisetum arvense L.) a number of drugs and biologically active additives with a wide spectrum of pharmacological action have been created. The review presents data on the structural diversity and biological activity of metabolites of plants of the genus Equisetum L. Information is provided on the composition of the metabolites of 16 species of the genus Equisetum L., the structure and sources of more than 200 natural substances related to terpenoids, phytosterols, brassinosteroids, vitamins, alkaloids and other nitrogen-containing compounds , lignans, styryl pyrones, indanones, phenylpropanoids, organic acids, hydrocarbons, aldehydes and phenolic compounds. The main biologically active substances of plants of the genus Equisetum are flavonoids and other plant phenolic compounds. Extracts and individual compounds possess antioxidant, diuretic, antibacterial, antifungal, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antimutagenic, sedative, anxiolytic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory properties. An analysis of literature data shows that plants of the genus Equisetum are promising for the creation of new effective drugs. The information presented in the review can be used as reference literature by phytochemists, biologists, and pharmacologists, as well as to solve the problems of chemosystematics of plants of the genus Equisetum L.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidative Mechanisms In Vitro and Triterpenes Composition of Extracts from Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth) and Black Birch (Betula obscura Kotula) Barks by FT-IR and HPLC-PDA

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4633
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ostapiuk ◽  
Łukasz Kurach ◽  
Maciej Strzemski ◽  
Jacek Kurzepa ◽  
Anna Hordyjewska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Outer Bark ◽  
Betula Pendula Roth ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Active Substances

Silver birch, Betula pendula Roth, is one of the most common trees in Europe. Due to its content of many biologically active substances, it has long been used in medicine and cosmetics, unlike the rare black birch, Betula obscura Kotula. The aim of the study was therefore to compare the antioxidant properties of extracts from the inner and outer bark layers of both birch trees towards the L929 line treated with acetaldehyde. Based on the lactate dehydrogenase test and the MTT test, 10 and 25% concentrations of extracts were selected for the antioxidant evaluation. All extracts at tested concentrations reduced the production of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radical, and 25% extract decreased malonic aldehyde formation in acetaldehyde-treated cells. The chemical composition of bark extracts was accessed by IR and HPLC-PDA methods and surprisingly, revealed a high content of betulin and lupeol in the inner bark extract of B. obscura. Furthermore, IR analysis revealed differences in the chemical composition of the outer bark between black and silver birch extracts, indicating that black birch may be a valuable source of numerous biologically active substances. Further experiments are required to evaluate their potential against neuroinflammation, cancer, viral infections, as well as their usefulness in cosmetology.

scholarly journals COMPOSITION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF THE HORSE CHESTNUT (AECULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L.)

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
V.P. Kurchenko ◽  
◽  
N.V. Sushinskaya ◽  
K.I. Maiorava ◽  
E.I. Tarun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Active Substances

The study of the composition of biologically active substances, alcoholic extracts from flowers of Aeculus hippocastanum L. According to the results of HPLC-MS and GC-MS analyzes, the extract contains the main amounts of phenolic compounds: quercetin, epicatechin, kaempferol. In addition, the extract contains fatty acids and their esters, alcohols, 3-deoxy-d-manno lactone, 1,2,3,5-cyclohexantethrol, α-methyl-mannofuranoside, γ sitosterol. Antioxidant activity of an extract from flowers of A. hippocastanum is associated with the peculiarities of the compositionof biologically active substances. The toxological-hygienic assessment of flowers of this species in acute and subacute experiments showed that it belongs to the 4th hazard class (low hazard).

scholarly journals Characteristics of the world and Russian production of fruits products (apples and pears)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Lyubov Georgievna Demenina ◽  
Anna Borisovna Petrova ◽  
Kristina Andreevna Savitskaya ◽  
Lyudmila Mikhailovna Kavelenova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Rosaceae Family ◽  
Active Substances

The paper deals with the peculiarities of the biological characteristics of the most important fruit crops of temperate climates - apple and pear (Rosaceae family, subfamily Maloideae), taking into account the world, national and regional cultivation. Both cultures are characterized by significant food and commodity value, have some differences in the chemical composition of the fruit, including the leading components of the mass and biologically active substances, which determine the peculiarities of their use in the human diet. In both global and national fruit-growing, pears play a secondary role compared to apple, giving way to the number of varieties, the volume of production and the areas occupied. Based on the analysis of available statistical data of the FAO database, the dynamics of changes from 1990 to 2016 of the world production of apple and pear fruits with visualization on the continents, identifying world leaders and major trends are considered. For the USSR (from 1962 to 1990) and in Russian Federation (from 1992 to 2016) the paper presents a picture of changes in the volume of fruit production, discusses the status of fruit production in the country. The features of the historical development and current state of fruit growing in the Samara Region and prospects are discussed.

scholarly journals Red Wine and Yacon as a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Potential

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia Nagalievska ◽  
Mariya Sabadashka ◽  
Nataliia Sybirna
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
Grape Wine ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Active Substances

Phytochemicals derived from different plants are promising therapeutic agents. Herbal compounds can be used under diseases, etiological causes of which are alterations of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolisms, along with increased oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation. Potential sources of biologically active substances may be grape wine, rich in phenolic compounds. Well-studied examples of polyphenols are phenolic acids, catechins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, etc. Another source of biologically active compounds is yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poepp. & Endl.). The aboveground part of yacon is rich in phenolic compounds and terpenes. Main biologically active substances from tuberous roots of yacon are fructooligosaccharides and phenolic compounds. The section will be devoted to the analysis of hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects, and molecular targets of the complex of biologically active substances derived from red wine and yacon.

scholarly journals Types of biologically active substances, methods of their application as factors of increasing resistance of varieties of various potatoes in an effort to realize greater productivity when exposed to pathogenic organisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012070
Author(s):  
E P Sevostyanova ◽  
M A Sevostyanov ◽  
A P Glinushkin
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The World ◽  
Average Loss ◽  
Potato Famine ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Resistance Of Varieties

Abstract All countries in the world strive not to repeat the potato famine of Ireland. Potatoes infect more than 100 pathogens, one of the most serious is late blight. In the world, the average loss of potato yield from late blight is 10-15% per year. This article briefly discusses various safe, effective and environmentally friendly methods of preventing and controlling late blight of potatoes.

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