scholarly journals Human Excretion of Bisphenol A: Blood, Urine, and Sweat (BUS) Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Genuis ◽  
Sanjay Beesoon ◽  
Detlef Birkholz ◽  
Rebecca A. Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Chemical Contaminant ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Urine Testing

Background. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an ubiquitous chemical contaminant that has recently been associated with adverse effects on human health. There is incomplete understanding of BPA toxicokinetics, and there are no established interventions to eliminate this compound from the human body. Using 20 study participants, this study was designed to assess the relative concentration of BPA in three body fluids—blood, urine, and sweat—and to determine whether induced sweating may be a therapeutic intervention with potential to facilitate elimination of this compound.Methods. Blood, urine, and sweat were collected from 20 individuals (10 healthy participants and 10 participants with assorted health problems) and analyzed for various environmental toxicants including BPA.Results. BPA was found to differing degrees in each of blood, urine, and sweat. In 16 of 20 participants, BPA was identified in sweat, even in some individuals with no BPA detected in their serum or urine samples.Conclusions. Biomonitoring of BPA through blood and/or urine testing may underestimate the total body burden of this potential toxicant. Sweat analysis should be considered as an additional method for monitoring bioaccumulation of BPA in humans. Induced sweating appears to be a potential method for elimination of BPA.

Foodborne Gram-Negative Bacteria and Atherosclerosis: Is There a Connection?

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 783-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS L. ARCHER
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Initial Injury ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques ◽  
Total Body

There is some evidence that endotoxin-containing bacteria may contribute to atherogenesis. The degree to which bacterial insults contribute to the total body burden of atherosclerotic lesions cannot be determined at this time. It is important to realize that there are other potential sources of injury to the vascular endothelium, mechanical, chemical, immunologic and biological, which may initiate formation of an atherosclerotic plaque. It must also be remembered that the process of atherogenesis is extremely complex and involves many factors other than the initial injury to endothelium. The suggested role for endotoxin, particularly endotoxin from degrading bacteria in macrophages, in concert with the inflammatory factors induced by endotoxin from endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells, is an attractive hypothesis for several reasons. First, dampening of inflammatory responses by effects of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3s) is explained, particularly their direct influence on monocyte functions. Second, the hypothesis provides a model system in which the first step in atherogenesis may be studied prospectively, while other factors may be varied to determine their influences on later stages in the process of plaque formation. Recombinant DNA techniques and sophisticated immunologic tools are available to study the entire process, as are animal models in which to conduct studies with relevance to the human. Although at present, the link between foodborne gram-negative bacterial pathogens and atherosclerosis is largely unproven, the possible role of such organisms warrants more research. Additionally, should the link be firmly established, it would further underscore the importance of food safety in the biological sense.

In Vivo X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis for Medical Diagnosis

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ahlgren ◽  
T. Grönberg ◽  
S. Mattsson
Keyword(s):  
Body Burden ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sensitive Function ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Medical Interest

Occupational exposure to lead is common in many industrial applications and hence it is of considerable medical interest to control the body-burden of lead in living man. More than 90 % of the lead in the body is concentrated in bone and hence in vivo measurements of the lead in the skeleton should give the most satisfactory way for estimating the body-burden. The routine method used today for checking on lead contamination is that of measurements on blood samples. However, since the concentration of lead in the blood is a sensitive function of the actual exposure conditions, this method provides only a poor indication of the total body-burden and the integrated lead exposure.

Effect of hand dermatitis on the total body burden of chromium after ferrous sulfate application in cement among cement workers

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Chieh Chou ◽  
Ho-Yuan Chang ◽  
Chiou-Jong Chen ◽  
Hsin-Su Yu ◽  
Jyun-De Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Hand Dermatitis ◽  
Sulfate Application ◽  
Total Body

Oral Benzo[a]pyrene in Cyp1 Knockout Mouse Lines: CYP1A1 Important in Detoxication, CYP1B1 Metabolism Required for Immune Damage Independent of Total-Body Burden and Clearance Rate

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Uno ◽  
Timothy P. Dalton ◽  
Nadine Dragin ◽  
Christine P. Curran ◽  
Sandrine Derkenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Knockout Mouse ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Mouse Lines

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Evidence Bisphenol A Exposure and Human Reproductive Health: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Tomas Jambor ◽  
Eva Kovacikova
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Spermatozoa Motility ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Human Reproductive

Infertility is widespread problem defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. One of the most notable factors causing this status is the exposure to environmental contaminants. It is now recognized that many contaminants present in the environment have the ability to interfere in the action of hormones and therefore are termed endocrine disruptors (EDs). Some of these compounds are present in nature, but the majority are artificial and released into the environment by the human activities without any prior knowledge of their impact on ecosystems, animal welfare, or wildlife and human health. Many epidemiological studies have reported a radical growth in the incidence of male infertility, accompanied by decreasing sperm quality, decline in spermatozoa motility, defect in Leydig cell morphology, insufficient activity of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. The similar situation was observed in female, when the increased risk for endometriosis, reproductive and other endocrine-related cancer, impaired oocytes, ovarian dysfunction, or irregular menstrual cycle was confirmed. All mentioned consequences have been associated with increasing concentration of bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment. Humans are exposed to BPA not only through specific occupational circumstance, but nowadays more generally also from the ordinary day-to-day domestic and workplace lifestyles. Almost 3.4 million tons per year of BPA is used in a variety common product such as food packaging, household products, epoxy resins, dental sealants and many others. Under these endpoints, apprehensions about the reproductive dysfunctions associated with BPA action are unquestionable. In this review, we address the topic of BPA effects on reproductive function in males and females and emphasize its effects on overall health. A considerably more detailed and systematic research in EDs toxicology is required for a better understanding of risks associated with exposure to environmental toxicants.

scholarly journals Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Spermatogenesis—Lesson From Studies of Toxicant Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Wang ◽  
Ming Yan ◽  
Siwen Wu ◽  
Baiping Mao ◽  
Chris K C Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Microtubule Cytoskeleton ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Per Se ◽  
To Come

Abstract Studies have shown that mammalian testes, in particular the Sertoli cells, are highly susceptible to exposure of environmental toxicants, such as cadmium, perfluorooctanesulfonate, phthalates, 2,5-hexanedione and bisphenol A. However, important studies conducted by reproductive toxicologists and/or biologists in the past have been treated as toxicology reports per se. Yet, many of these studies provided important mechanistic insights on the toxicant-induced testis injury and reproductive dysfunction, relevant to the biology of the testis and spermatogenesis. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that findings obtained from toxicant models are exceedingly helpful tools to unravel the biology of testis function in particular spermatogenesis, including specific cellular events associated with spermatid transport to support spermiogenesis and spermiation. In this review, we critically evaluate some recent data, focusing primarily on the molecular structure and role of microtubules in cellular function, illustrating the importance of toxicant models to unravel the biology of microtubule cytoskeleton in supporting spermatogenesis, well beyond information on toxicology. These findings have opened up some potential areas of research which should be carefully evaluated in the years to come.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns in New Zealand Women: Evaluating Differences in Body Composition and Metabolic Biomarkers

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakeela N. Jayasinghe ◽  
Bernhard H. Breier ◽  
Sarah A. McNaughton ◽  
Aaron P. Russell ◽  
Paul A. Della Gatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers

The combinations of food consumed together (dietary patterns) may have a greater influence on health than nutrients or food groups consumed independently. This study investigated the relationship between dietary patterns, body composition and metabolic biomarkers of premenopausal New Zealand women from three ethnic groups. In total, 408 New Zealand European, Māori and Pacific women aged 16–45 years participated in the Women’s EXPLORE (EXamining Predictors Linking Obesity Related Elements) study. Participants completed a 220-item food frequency questionnaire. Several body composition parameters and metabolic biomarkers were measured. Dietary patterns were extracted by principal component analysis and dietary pattern scores were categorised into tertiles to assess links with other measured parameters. Women with higher scores for the ‘refined and processed’ pattern were younger, had higher body mass index, total body fat, plasma leptin and plasma insulin (p < 0.001), and lower plasma ghrelin levels (p < 0.05) than women with lower scores. In addition, more Māori (51%) and Pacific (68%) women followed the ‘refined and processed’ pattern, while more New Zealand European women (40%) followed the ‘sweet and savoury snacking’ pattern. These data show that dietary pattern analysis is a useful tool to assess links between diet and metabolic health. It further reveals interesting ethnic group-specific differences in dietary pattern use.

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