scholarly journals Caregivers' Barriers to Disclosing the HIV Diagnosis to Infected Children on Antiretroviral Therapy in a Resource-Limited District in South Africa: A Grounded Theory Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sphiwe Madiba ◽  
Kebogile Mokwena
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Group Interviews

We used a grounded theory approach to explore how a sample of caregivers of children on antiretroviral treatment (ART) experience HIV disclosure to their infected children. This paper explores caregivers' barriers to disclosing HIV to infected children. Caregivers of children aged 6–13 years who were receiving ART participated in four focus-group interviews. Three main themes, caregiver readiness to tell, right time to tell, and the context of disclosure, emerged. Disclosure was delayed because caregivers had to first deal with personal fears which influenced their readiness to disclose; disclosure was also delayed because caregivers did not know how to tell. Caregivers lacked disclosure skills because they had not been trained on how to tell their children about their diagnosis, on how to talk to their children about HIV, and on how to deal with a child who reacts negatively to the disclosure. Caregivers feared that the child might tell others about the diagnosis and would be discriminated and socially rejected and that children would live in fear of death and dying. Health care providers have a critical role to play in HIV disclosure to infected children, considering the caregivers' expressed desire to be trained and prepared for the disclosure.

How primary caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis cope with social isolation: a grounded theory study in an Iranian context

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taghi Mohseni Takalu ◽  
Seyed Ali Hosseini ◽  
Hamid Reza Khankeh ◽  
Ebrahim Pishyareh ◽  
Hossein Ali Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Iranian Context ◽  
Constant Comparative Analysis

Background/aims Multiple sclerosis is a progressive neurological disease that can significantly impact the psychosocial aspects of primary caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis. This study explored the process of social isolation among primary caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis in Kerman, Iran. Methods A grounded theory approach was employed to explore the various aspects of social isolation. Data were collected through unstructured and semi-structured interviews with 15 primary caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis, 13 individuals with multiple sclerosis and five health care providers who were selected based on purposeful and theoretical sampling. The data were analysed via constant comparative analysis. Results The core variable identified from the interviews was social isolation. Other concepts that were connected with this were: insufficient knowledge and awareness, escaping stigma, occupational difficulties, marital challenges and management of restrictions. Conclusions Social isolation can affect the wellbeing of primary caregivers of individuals with multiple sclerosis. Recognition and awareness of the process of social isolation and factors influencing it can be beneficial in designing theory-driven evaluation and intervention methods. It is recommended that rehabilitation specialists pay close attention to the common needs and interests of both individuals with multiple sclerosis and their primary caregivers.

The Experience of Occupational Disruption among Student Musicians

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon McCready ◽  
Denise Reid
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Major Occupation

Student musicians frequently need to take breaks from playing their instruments because of physical playing-related injuries, yet little is known about their experiences with these occupational disruptions. We conducted a qualitative study that explored student musicians' lived experiences with unplanned disruptions stemming from engagement in their major occupation of playing an instrument. In-depth interviews with seven student musicians who attended either a special arts high school or a university were conducted. Consistent with a grounded theory approach to qualitative research, the constant comparative method of qualitative data analysis was implemented. A major finding related to the theme of “being and becoming,” where student musicians expressed a strong sense of belonging to a group of other like musicians who they learned from, relied on for support, and created music with. Another theme was motivation to excel, where students expressed a strong desire and motivation to improve and master their instrument. Occupational tensions and pressures emerged as another theme. Students were aware of the need to practice and the need to care for their bodies. A constant negotiation was required in which students struggled to find a good balance between the need to practice and to respect their bodies while maintaining an identity of a musician. These findings are discussed in relation to how health care providers and educators need to understand the demands and stresses associated with playing an instrument so that they can better support these young musicians.

How accessible are grocery shops for people with dementia? A qualitative study using photo documentation and focus group interviews

Dementia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1872-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Brorsson ◽  
Annika Öhman ◽  
Stefan Lundberg ◽  
Malcolm P Cutchin ◽  
Louise Nygård
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Photo Documentation ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

Background People with dementia who live in ordinary housing need to perform activities outside the home such as visiting friends, talking walks and doing grocery shopping. This article identifies and examines characteristics that may influence accessibility in the space of a grocery shop as perceived by people with dementia. Methods This is a qualitative study with a grounded theory approach. The data collection was done with two different methods. It started with photo documentation and continued with focus group interviews in combination with photo elicitation. Data from both photo documentation and focus groups were analysed according to a grounded theory approach. Results The categories “illogical arrangement”, “overload of products, information and people”, “visual illusions” and “intrusive auditory stimuli” showed characteristics in the grocery shop that influenced how accessible and usable the informants experienced a shop to be. Furthermore, personal capacities in relation to the specific characteristics of the grocery shop space had an influence on how accessible and usable the informants experienced the grocery shop to be. Capacities to find, stay focused and concentrated, meet stress, remember, interpret and discriminate sensory impressions through hearing and sight came to the fore as important. Conclusions Characteristics of both the shop and the person need to be taken into account when supporting people with dementia in grocery shopping.

The Contribution of Death-Related Experiences to Health Care Providers' Attitudes toward Dying Patients: II. Medical and Nursing Students with No Professional Experience

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandor B. Brent ◽  
Mark W. Speece ◽  
Marie F. Gates ◽  
Manju Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Dying Patients ◽  
Attitude Measures

Beginning medical and nursing students with no professional death-related experience were compared in order to discover the attitudes they bring to their respective careers prior to their professional education and socialization. Hypotheses were derived from psychological models for the effects of professional choice, gender, and non-professional experience on these attitudes. On five of the six attitude measures female nursing students expressed a more positive attitude than cither male or female medical students, as predicted. However, contrary to expectation, the attitudes of the female medical students were not more positive than those of the male medical students on any of these measures. Hours of death-and-dying coursework and general life experience exerted a significant influence on attitudes toward talking to dying patients about death and dying but not on any of the other attitude measures. These data also suggest the existence of an underlying attitude structure, representing these students' Overall Attitude toward caring for dying patients, which remains stable across group differences in professional career choice, gender, and death-related experience. The original theoretical models were enriched and revised in the light of these findings.

scholarly journals Impact of Breast Cancer Early Detection Training on Rwandan Health Workers’ Knowledge and Skills

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia E. Pace ◽  
Jean-Marie Vianney Dusengimana ◽  
Nancy L. Keating ◽  
Vedaste Hategekimana ◽  
Vestine Rugema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Written Test ◽  
The Impact

Purpose In April 2015, we initiated a training program to facilitate earlier diagnosis of breast cancer among women with breast symptoms in rural Rwanda. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of the training intervention in breast cancer detection on knowledge and skills among health center nurses and community health workers (CHWs). Methods We assessed nurses’ and CHWs’ knowledge about breast cancer risk factors, signs and symptoms, and treatability through a written test administered immediately before, immediately after, and 3 months after trainings. We assessed nurses’ skills in clinical breast examination immediately before and after trainings and then during ongoing mentorship by a nurse midwife. We also examined the appropriateness of referrals made to the hospital by health center nurses. Results Nurses’ and CHWs’ written test scores improved substantially after the trainings (overall percentage correct increased from 73.9% to 91.3% among nurses and from 75.0% to 93.8% among CHWs ( P < .001 for both), and this improvement was sustained 3 months after the trainings. On checklists that assessed skills, nurses’ median percentage of actions performed correctly was 24% before the training. Nurses’ skills improved significantly after the training and were maintained during the mentorship period (the median score was 88% after training and during mentorship; P < .001). In total, 96.1% of patients seen for breast concerns at the project’s hospital-based clinic were deemed to have been appropriately referred. Conclusion Nurses and CHWs demonstrated substantially improved knowledge about breast cancer and skills in evaluating and managing breast concerns after brief trainings. With adequate training, mentorship, and established care delivery and referral systems, primary health care providers in sub-Saharan Africa can play a critical role in earlier detection of breast cancer.

Caregiver Decision-Making for Terminally Ill Children: A Qualitative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Emily Pinto Taylor ◽  
Benjamin Doolittle
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Medical Providers ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Institutional Review

Introduction: Many children are born with life-limiting illnesses. Medical decision-making for these children by caregivers is complex and causes significant psychosocial distress, which can be partially alleviated by effective communication with medical providers. In order for providers to support caregivers, this study explores how caregivers make decisions regarding the medical care of their terminally ill children. Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted among caregivers of terminally ill children. Participation was voluntary and confidential. The institutional review board approved the protocol. Transcripts were read and coded by 2 authors using inductive, concurrent analysis to reach thematic saturation and generate common themes. Results: Nine interviews were completed, discussing the care of 10 children. Caregivers described decision-making as impacted by their relationships with medical providers of 2 distinct types—trusting and nontrusting. Trusting relationships were notable for a longitudinal relationship with medical staff who empowered caregivers and treated the patient primarily as a child. Nontrusting relationships were noted when the medical team objectified their child as a “patient” and appeared to withhold information. Also, nontrusting relationships occurred when caregivers felt frustration with needing to educate health-care providers about their child’s illness. Conclusion: Decision-making by caregivers of terminally ill children is complex, and supporting families in this process is a critical role of all medical providers. A trusting relationship with medical team members was identified as an effective tool for well-supported decision-making, which can potentially alleviate the suffering of the child and distress of the caregivers during this emotionally charged time.

Exploring the market to establish an advanced surgical community eye hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. 147078532097005
Author(s):  
Ishaana Sood ◽  
Shalinder Sabherwal ◽  
Shantanu DasGupta ◽  
Naval Chauhan ◽  
Anand Chinnakaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Resource Limited

Developing countries often cite shortage of human resource, limited accessibility, low affordability, and asymmetric availability of health care resources as the provider end barriers to health care service utilization. Using the example of a market research project undertaken to establish an advanced surgical eye hospital in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, a decision-grid is constructed whereby health care providers’ can make informed decisions regarding expansion and service delivery. The comparative and interpretive logic-based approach utilizes public domain data coupled with field research and is apt for those working in developing countries and/or resource-crunch settings. The paradigms laid out and discussed, provide building blocks for decision-making, which if harnessed effectively, have broad applicability in terms of reaching the previously unreached and ultimately in improving health outcomes.

scholarly journals In everybody’s interest but no one’s assigned responsibility: midwives’ thoughts and experiences of preventive work for men’s sexual and reproductive health and rights within primary care

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grandahl ◽  
Maja Bodin ◽  
Jenny Stern
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Care Recipients ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Group Interviews

Abstract Background Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) have historically been regarded as a woman’s issue. It is likely that these gender norms also hinder health care providers from perceiving boys and men as health care recipients, especially within the area of SRHR. The aim of this study was to explore midwives’ thoughts and experiences regarding preventive work for men’s sexual and reproductive health and rights in the primary care setting. Methods An exploratory qualitative study. Five focus group interviews, including 4–5 participants in each group, were conducted with 22 midwives aged 31–64, who worked with reproductive, perinatal and sexual health within primary care. Data were analysed by latent content analysis. Results One overall theme emerged, in everybody’s interest, but no one’s assigned responsibility, and three sub-themes: (i) organisational aspects create obstacles, (ii) mixed views on the midwife’s role and responsibility, and (iii) beliefs about men and women: same, but different. Conclusions Midwives believed that preventive work for men’s sexual and reproductive health and rights was in everybody’s interest, but no one’s assigned responsibility. To improve men’s access to sexual and reproductive health care, actions are needed from the state, the health care system and health care providers.

Radiation Emergency Readiness Among US Medical Toxicologists: A Survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Murray ◽  
Eungjae Kim ◽  
Samuel A. Ralston ◽  
Tim P. Moran ◽  
Carol Iddins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Medical Toxicology ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Introduction: Large scale radiologic and nuclear disasters are rare; however, recent events such as the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactor emergency in Japan and current global political tensions have highlighted the need for health-care providers with expertise in managing radiation injuries. Medical Toxicologists have the ability to collaborate with other specialists in filling this critical role. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the attitudes, experiences, and knowledge of medical toxicologists through the assistance of the American College of Medical Toxicology. Results: The survey was completed by 114 medical toxicologists during the enrollment period. Medical toxicologists who had a willingness to participate in radiologic or nuclear emergencies or who had taken care of patients contaminated with radioactive material were more likely to perform well on the knowledge assessment. Conclusion: We identified that there is a group of medical toxicologists who have the willingness, experience, and knowledge to help manage patients in the event of a radiologic or nuclear emergency.

scholarly journals How does the process of group singing impact on people affected by cancer? A grounded theory study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e023261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katey Warran ◽  
Daisy Fancourt ◽  
Theresa Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Building Resilience ◽  
Iterative Analysis ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Psychological Dimensions

ObjectiveThis study aimed to build an understanding of how the process of singing impacts on those who are affected by cancer, including patients, staff, carers and those who have been bereaved.DesignA qualitative study, informed by a grounded theory approach.Setting and participantsPatients with cancer, staff, carers and bereaved who had participated for a minimum of 6 weeks in one of two choirs for people affected by cancer.Methods31 participants took part in Focus Group Interviews lasting between 45 min and an hour, and 1 participant had a face-to-face interview.FindingsFour overarching themes emerged from the iterative analysis procedure. The overarching themes were: building resilience, social support, psychological dimensions and process issues. Following further analyses, a theoretical model was created to depict how building resilience underpins the findings.ConclusionGroup singing may be a suitable intervention for building resilience in those affected by cancer via an interaction between the experience and impact of the choir.

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