scholarly journals Partial Chemical Characterization of Immunomodulatory Polysaccharides from Plantago palmata Hook. f. s. Leaves

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Biringanine ◽  
Moustapha Ouedraogo ◽  
Bernard Vray ◽  
Anne Berit Samuelsen ◽  
Pierre Duez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Very High ◽  
Partial Chemical

A previous work on Plantago palmata polysaccharides (PS) attributed immunomodulatory properties of leaves to a polysaccharide fraction (PS50) that stimulated NO and TNF-α production by interferon gamma- (IFN-γ-) activated macrophages. The present work aims to elucidate the chemical structure of these immunomodulatory polysaccharides. Size exclusion chromatography showed that the active polymers present an active fraction with a very high molecular weight (about 1200 kDa). These polysaccharides are pectic in nature, with a predominantly unbranched galacturonan domain and with a domain bearing side chains that consist of highly branched arabinan, galactan, and/or arabinogalactan. Comparatively to the well-known Plantago major biologically active PS, Plantago palmata PS50 contained less arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) and had a different composition in glucose, galactose, and galacturonic acid. DNA contamination of the polysaccharide was estimated at about 0.04%, a concentration much lower than those reported immunomodulatory in hyaluronic acid preparations (3 to 15%). Therefore, the eventuality of a contaminating DNA-mediated biological activity could be ruled out.

scholarly journals Characterization of a monoclonal antibody directed against the biologically active site of human interleukin 1.

1986 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Köck ◽  
M Danner ◽  
B M Stadler ◽  
T A Luger
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Fibroblast Proliferation ◽  
Initial Activity ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

Human IL-1 was successfully used to produce an anti-IL-1 mAb. Anti-IL-1 (IgG2a) blocked IL-1-mediated thymocyte and fibroblast proliferation, but did not interfere with the biological effects of other lymphokines, such as IL-2 or IL-3. The antibody immunoprecipitated biosynthetically radiolabeled 33, 17, and 4 kD IL-1. An immunoadsorbent column yielded 20% of initial activity, and upon HPLC size-exclusion chromatography, affinity-purified IL-1 had a molecular mass of approximately 4 kD. These results provide first evidence of a monoclonal anti-IL-1 that reacts with different species of IL-1 and apparently binds to an epitope close to the active site of IL-1. Thus, anti-IL-1 IgG may be very helpful for further investigations of the molecular as well as biological characteristics of IL-1 and related mediators.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF INULIN FROM BLACK SALSIFY (SCORZONERA HISPANICA L.) FOR FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Petkova
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Coating Agent ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Water Holding

Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the black salsify (Scorzonera hispanica L.) as a potential source of inulin and to characterize the physicochemical properties of isolated polysaccharide.Methods: The carbohydrate content in its roots and leaves was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection (HPLC-RID) method. Microwave-assisted extraction was performed for isolation of inulin from black salsify roots. The obtained polysaccharide was characterized by HPLC-RID method, HPLC size-exclusion chromatography, and Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy. Functional properties as swelling capacity, solubility, and water-holding and oil-holding capacities (OHCs) were also evaluated.Results: Black salsify (S. hispanica L.) roots were evaluated as a rich source of inulin (22% dw) and 1-kestose (6.25 g/100 g dw). The isolated inulin (yield 20%) was characterized with average degree of polymerization 17, with polydispersity index (1.04) that was near to medium-chained inulin. This polysaccharide showed better OHC than water-holding capacity, and it was characterized with swelling capacity 0.5 ml/g sample.Conclusion: For the first time, inulin was isolated from black salsify roots. The chemical characterization of inulin reveals the potential of this plant to be used as a valuable source of this polysaccharide for future application in food technology and pharmaceutical industry for dietary fibers, stabilizer, and coating agent.

scholarly journals Characterization of the complex formed between a potent neutralizing ovine-derived polyclonal anti-TNFα Fab fragment and human TNFα

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Mark Abbott ◽  
Melanie Snow ◽  
Sonia Eckersley ◽  
Jonathan Renshaw ◽  
Gareth Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Size ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Fab Fragment ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock ◽  
Very High ◽  
Necrosis Factor

TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) is an early mediator in the systemic inflammatory response to infection and is therefore a therapeutic target in sepsis. AZD9773 is an ovine-derived, polyclonal anti-TNFα Fab fragment derived from a pool of serum and currently being developed as a treatment for severe sepsis and septic shock. In the present study, we show that although AZD9773 has a modest affinity for TNFα in a binding assay, the Ki in a cell-based assay is approximately four orders of magnitude lower. We show using SEC (size exclusion chromatography) that the maximum size of the complex between AZD9773 and TNFα is consistent with approximately 12 Fabs binding to one TNFα trimer. A number of approaches were taken to map the epitopes recognized by AZD9773. These revealed that a number of different regions on TNFα are involved in binding to the polyclonal Fab. The data suggest that there are probably three epitopes per monomer that are responsible for most of the inhibition by AZD9773 and that all three can be occupied at the same time in the complex. We conclude that AZD9773 is clearly demonstrated to bind to multiple epitopes on TNFα and suggest that the polyclonal nature may account, at least in part, for the very high potency observed in cell-based assays.

Chemical characterization of polymerized products formed in the reactions of matairesinol and pinoresinol with the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika I. Smeds ◽  
Patrik C. Eklund ◽  
Evanthia Monogioudi ◽  
Stefan M. Willför
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Stable Radical ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Evaporative Light Scattering Detection ◽  
Light Scattering Detection ◽  
Evaporative Light Scattering ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract Polymerization reactions of the lignans matairesinol and pinoresinol with the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were studied. The reactions were rapid and almost quantitative. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the formed lignan dimers and polymers was determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) combined with evaporative light-scattering detection (ELSD), and the compounds were characterized by HPLC-MS, pyrolysis-GC/MS, NMR, MALDI-ToF-MS, and GC-MS of the monomeric and dimeric units formed by KMnO4 oxidation. The yield of high-MW polymers is higher for pinoresinol (69%) than for matairesinol (43%). According to the HPSEC-ELSD analyses, the MWD is also broader for the pinoresinol polymers. The latter seem to consist mainly of hepta-hexacontalignans (MW 2.5–21.4 kDa), whereas the matairesinol polymers are mainly penta-pentadecalignans (MW 1.8–5.3 kDa). The polymers seem to contain mainly unmodified lignan units linked by 5-5′ bonds.

scholarly journals Application of Monopotassium Dipropylene Glycoxide for Homopolymerization and Copolymerization of Monosubstituted Oxiranes: Characterization of Synthesized Macrodiols by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2795
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Grobelny ◽  
Justyna Jurek-Suliga ◽  
Sylwia Golba
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethanes ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Glycidyl Ethers ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Tetrahydrofuran Solution

Monopotassium dipropylene glycoxide, activated by a 18-crown-6 cation complexing agent (K-DPG/L, where DPG (dipropylene glycol) is a mixture of isomers) was used as an effective initiator of the homopolymerization and copolymerization of several monosubstituted oxiranes, i.e., propylene oxide (PO), 1.2-butylene oxide (BO), and some glycidyl ethers such as allyl, isopropyl, phenyl, and benzyl ones (AGE, IPGE, PGE, and BGE, respectively). The copolymers are novel and can be prospectively used for the fabrication of new thermoplastic or crosslinked polyurethanes. All processes were carried out in homogeneous mild conditions, i.e., tetrahydrofuran solution at room temperature and normal pressure. They resulted in new unimodal macrodiols with Mn = Mcalc in the range of 1500–8300, low dispersity Mw/Mn = 1.08–1.18 and a chemical structure well defined by several techniques, i.e., MALDI-TOF, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), 13C NMR, and FTIR. Monopotassium salts of homopolyether-diols, i.e., PPO-diol, PBO-diol, and PAGE-diol, appeared to be useful macroinitiators for the preparation of new triblock copolyether-diols by polymerization of glycidyl ethers. In BO/BGE random copolymerization initiated with K-DPG/L, macromolecules of copolyether-diol were exclusively formed. Macromolecules of copolyether-diol accompanied by homopolyether PPO-diol were identified in the PO/PGE system. However, AGE and PGE reacted by giving random copolyether-diol as well as homopolymer-diols, i.e., PAGE-diol and PPGE-diol. Macromolecules of prepared copolyether-diols contain various numbers of mers deriving from comonomers; the kind of comonomer determines the composition of the product. Several prepared homopolyether-diols and copolyether-diols could be useful for the synthesis of new thermoplastic polyurethanes.

The degradation of Indulin ATR by Streptomyces: chemical characterization of the water soluble acid precipitable products

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Vidal ◽  
J. Bouchard ◽  
E. Chornet ◽  
R. P. Overend ◽  
H. Giroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Lignin Fraction ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Soluble Acid

Two strains of Streptomyces, S. badius and S. virdosporus, when incubated with kraft lignin (Indulin ATR) produce water soluble acid precipitable compounds. We show by a combination of elemental analysis, amino acid analysis, and FTIR that these are complexes of lignin fragments strongly associated with proteins. The latter, which can be separated by solvent extraction, are added by the microorganisms themselves. The lignin fraction, which represents approximately 60% of the complex weight, consists of lower molecular weight, lower methoxyl content Indulin fragments. KeyWords: lignin, Indulin, lignin–protein complexes, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, high performance size exclusion chromatography, Streptomyces.

PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SHEEP NEUROPHYSIN

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Chrétien ◽  
Claude Gilardeau
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Terminal Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Determination ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Terminal Amino ◽  
Partial Chemical ◽  
Acid Determination

ABSTRACT A protein isolated from ovine pituitary glands has been purified, and its homogeneity assessed by NH2- and COOH-terminal amino acid determination, ultracentrifugation studies, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after carboxymethylation. Its chemical and immunochemical properties are closely similar to those of beef and pork neurophysins, less similar to those of human neurophysins. It contains no tryptophan (like other neurophysins) or histidine (like all except bovine neurophysin-I and human neurophysins). It has alanine at the NH2-terminus and valine at the COOH-terminus. Its amino acid composition is similar to, but not identical with those of porcine and bovine neurophysins.

Characterisation of Persistent Anti-Xa Activity Following Administration of the Low Molecular Weight Heparin Enoxaparin Sodium (Clexane)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (02) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brieger ◽  
Joan Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Enoxaparin Sodium ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Liver And Kidney

SummaryIt is widely reported that persistent anti-Xa activity follows administration of low molecular weight heparins. To identify the effectors of this activity we have injected 125I-labelled Enoxaparin sodium into rabbits and subsequently analysed the circulating radiolabelled material and anti-Xa activity by affinity and size exclusion chromatography. Antithrombin III-binding material derived from the injected drug was responsible for all the anti-Xa amidolytic activity. At early times after injection additional anticoagulant activity which was largely attributable to tissue factor pathway inhibitor was measured by the Heptest clotting assay after removal of glycosaminoglycans from plasma samples. Small radiolabelled fragments, including penta/hexasaccharide with affinity for antithrombin III, were detectable in the circulation 1 week later, and sulphated oligosaccharides persisted for 3-4 weeks. Significant quantities of radiolabel remained in the liver and kidney several weeks post-injection; these organs may sequester some of the injected drug and give rise to circulating biologically active material by degradation and secretion of catabolic products into the plasma.

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