scholarly journals Laser Treatment of Wood Surfaces for Ski Cores: An Experimental Parameter Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Petutschnigg ◽  
Michael Stöckler ◽  
Florian Steinwendner ◽  
Julian Schnepps ◽  
Herwig Gütler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Parameter ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Laser Beams ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Laser Beam Intensity ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Laser Treatments ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Wood Surfaces

Recently, the production of skis with wooden cores has increased due to changes in customer awareness concerning ecological issues and rising raw material costs for mineral oil resources. The preparation of ski surfaces is one of the main expense factors in the production of skis. Thus, one perspective of the AMER SPORTS CORPORATION is to treat wood surfaces with laser beams to develop new aesthetic possibilities in ski design. This study deals with different laser treatments for samples from various wood species: beech, ash, lime, and spruce. The parameters investigated are laser beam intensity and number of laser points on the surface. To evaluate the aesthetic changes, the CIELab color measurements were applied. Changes in the main wood components were observed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) using an ATR (attenuated total reflectance) unit. The results show that the laser treatments on wood surfaces have an influence on wood color and the chemical composition. Especially the intensity of laser beams affects the color changes in different patterns for the parameters observed. These findings will be useful to develop innovative design possibilities of wood surfaces for ski cores as well as for further product design applications (e.g., mass customization).

Experimental Parameter Study on Synthesis Gas Production by Steam-Oxygen Fluidized Bed Gasification of Sewage Sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Max Schmid ◽  
Selina Hafner ◽  
Günter Scheffknecht
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Experimental Parameter ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals

The conversion of biogenic residues to fuels and chemicals via gasification and synthesis processes is a promising pathway to replace fossil carbon. In this study, the focus is set on sewage sludge gasification for syngas production. Experiments were carried out in a 20 kW fuel input bubbling fluidized bed facility with steam and oxygen as gasification agent. In-situ produced sewage sludge ash was used as bed material. The sensitivity of the key operation parameters gasifier temperature, oxygen ratio, steam to carbon ratio, and the space velocity on the syngas composition (H2, CO, CO2, CH4, CxHy, H2S, COS, NH3, and tars) was determined. The results show that the produced syngas has high H2 and CO concentrations of up to 0.37 m3 m−3 and 0.18 m3 m−3, respectively, and is thus suitable for synthesis of fuels and chemicals. By adjusting the steam to carbon ratio, the syngas’ H2 to CO ratio can be purposely tailored by the water gas shift reaction for various synthesis products, e.g., synthetic natural gas (H2/CO = 3) or Fischer–Tropsch products (H2/CO = 2). Also, the composition and yields of fly ash and bed ash are presented. Through the gasification process, the cadmium and mercury contents of the bed ash were drastically reduced. The ash is suitable as secondary raw material for phosphorous or phosphate fertilizer production. Overall, a broad database was generated that can be used for process simulation and process design.

scholarly journals Self-compression of two co-propagating laser pulse having relativistic nonlinearity in plasma

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-729
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
R. K. Singh ◽  
R. Uma ◽  
R. P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Compression ◽  
Group Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Refractive Index Profile ◽  
Intense Laser ◽  
Laser Beams ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
Laser Beam Intensity

AbstractThe study proposes a semi-analytical model for the pulse compression of two co-propagating intense laser beams having Gaussian intensity profile in the temporal domain. The high power laser beams create the relativistic nonlinearity during propagation in plasma, which leads to the modification of the refractive index profile. The co-propagating laser beams get self- compressed by virtue of group velocity dispersion and induced nonlinearity. The induced nonlinearity in the plasma broadens the frequency spectrum of the pulse via self-phase modulation, turn to shorter the pulse duration and enhancement of laser beam intensity. The nonlinear Schrodinger equations were set up for co-propagating laser beams in plasmas and have been solved in Matlab by considering paraxial approximation. The propagation characteristics of both laser beams inside plasma are divided into three regions through the critical divider curve, which has been plotted between pulse width τ01 and laser beam power P01. Based on the preferred value of critical parameters, these regions are oscillatory compression, oscillatory broadening, and steady broadening. In findings, it is observed that the compression of the laser beam depends on the combined intensity of both beams, plasma density, and initial pulse width.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Nanofiber of Oxidized Cellulose from Nata De Coco

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ditpon Kotatha ◽  
Supitcha Rungrodnimitchai
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Oxidized Cellulose ◽  
Carboxyl Content ◽  
Cellulose Structure ◽  
Nanofibrous Structure ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Oxidized cellulose (OC) nanofiber was successfully prepared from the dry sheet of Nata De Coco (DNDC) using the mixture system of HNO3/H3PO4–NaNO2for the first time. The carboxyl content of the OC was investigated at different conditions (HNO3/H3PO4ratios, reaction times, and reaction temperatures). The results revealed that the carboxyl content of the OC increased along with the reaction time, which yielded 0.6, 14.8, 17.5, 20.9, 21.0, and 21.0% after 0, 6, 12, 36, and 48 hours, respectively. The reaction yields of the OC ranged between 79% and 85% when using HNO3/H3PO4ratio of 1 : 3, 1.4% wt of NaNO2at 30°C at different reaction times. From the structural analysis, the OC products showed a nanofibrous structure with a diameter of about 58.3–65.4 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectra suggested the formation of carboxyl groups in the OC after oxidation reaction. The crystallinity and crystalline index decreased with an increase of reaction time. The decrease of crystallinity from oxidation process agreed with the decrease of degree of polymerization from the hydrolysis ofβ-1,4-glycosidic linkages in the cellulose structure. The thermal gravimetric analysis results revealed that the OC products were less thermally stable than the raw material of DNDC. In addition, the OC products showed blood agglutinating property by dropping blood on the sample along with excellent antibacterial activity.

Continuous Operating Elastocaloric Heating and Cooling Device: Air Flow Investigation and Experimental Parameter Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne-Marie Kirsch ◽  
Felix Welsch ◽  
Lukas Ehl ◽  
Nicolas Michaelis ◽  
Paul Motzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Experimental Parameter ◽  
Rotation Frequency ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Abstract Elastocaloric cooling uses solid-state NiTi-based shape memory alloy (SMA) as a non-volatile cooling medium and enables a novel environment-friendly cooling technology without global warming potential. Due to the high specific latent heats activated by mechanical loading/unloading, large temperature changes can be generated in the material. Accompanied by a small required work input, a high coefficient of performance is achievable. Recently, a fully-functional and illustrative continuous operating elastocaloric fluid cooling system based on SMA is developed and realized, using a novel mechanical concept for individual loading and unloading of multiple SMA wire bundles. The fluid-based heat transfer system is designed for efficient heat exchange between the stationary heat source/sink and the SMA elements, operates without any additional heat transfer medium. Rotation frequency and fluid flow-rate are adjustable during operation, which allows adapting the operation point to power- or efficiency-optimized demands. The versatile placement of the in- and outlets allows different duct lengths and counter-flow or parallel-flow experiments. To investigate the air flow parameters at the in- and outlets, as well as the crossflow between the hot and cold side, a measurement system is developed and integrated. In this contribution, the first measurement results of the output temperatures for inlet air flow variation in combination with different rotation frequencies are presented.

Facile Fabrication of Porous and Hydrophilic Polystyrene Membranes Using Recycled Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Mostafa Khaled ◽  
H. Noby ◽  
W.A. Aissa ◽  
Ahmed Hassan El-Shazly
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Surface ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
High Impact Polystyrene ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Polystyrene Waste

Micro-porous hydrophilic membranes were successfully fabricated using polystyrene waste by phase inversion casting. Four concentrations (20, 25, 30, and 35 wt%) of recycled high-impact polystyrene (HIPS-R) in N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution were employed to prepare the membranes. The effect of polystyrene concentration on the characteristics of the different membranes was thoroughly studied. Based on the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results, the chemical composition of HIPS-R was analogous to that of pure high-impact polystyrene HIPS raw material of the previous studies. Also, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was employed to study the morphology and porosity of the prepared membranes. The membranes cross-section showed a sponge structure with longitudinal macro voids. The solid walls around these voids have a sponge-like structure, especially for high concentration polystyrene membranes. Furthermore, the number of pores into the membrane surface decreased with the increase of polystyrene concentration. The membranes surface pores size was ranged from 150 nm to 550 nm with the different used concentrations. Water contact angle (CA) of the prepared membrane's surface were measured. All the measured CA of the prepared membranes, except the 35 wt% showed CA of 91o, showed a hydrophilic behavior. Thus, the results suggest effective membranes could be obtained using recycled polystyrene. And then, solve the polymer waste accumulation problem in parallel with help in drinking water crisis solution.

Development of a Testing Procedure to Determine the Bond Strength in Joining-by-Forming Processes

2014 ◽  
Vol 966-967 ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Mikloweit ◽  
Markus Bambach ◽  
Michael Pietryga ◽  
Gerhard Hirt
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Experimental Parameter ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Joining By Forming

Roll bonding is a joining-by-forming process, in which two or more metals are permanently joined through pressure and plastic deformation, which causes the creation of a metallic bond. The bond formation is a complex process based on various process conditions in the joining zone, such as strain, normal pressure, temperature, strain rate, shear strain and surface condition. Since an individual variation and analysis of the influencing parameters is usually not possible during the rolling process, a specific experimental setup for the investigation of the joining mechanisms is necessary. In this paper, a testing procedure has been developed to determine the bond strength in joining-by-forming processes. The material combination chosen was AA2024/AA1050 as used in aircraft applications. AA2024 sheets are cladded with pure aluminum to improve the corrosion resistance. The performed experimental parameter study confirms the expected influencing factors and is used to determine parameters of a bonding model, which can be integrated in a finite element simulation.

scholarly journals The Degree of Deacetylation Chitosan Various Marine Shells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
sinardi ◽  
Prayatni Soewondo ◽  
Suprihanto Notodarmojo ◽  
cynthia radiman
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Natural Coagulant ◽  
Degree Of Deacetylation ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Chitosan is a natural product derived from biopolymers such as chitin and cellulose and is found in the exoskeleton of marine sources. Chitosan was produced through 3 subsequent processes i.e. deproteination, demineralization and deacetylation.The aim of this study is to determine degree of deacetylation chitosan. The degree of deacetylation was calculated from IR spectrum using the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The degree of deacetylation of chitosan from Penaeusmonodon, Scylla sp, and Mytilus virdis linneausshells, were 89.05%, 87.64%, and 77.80%. Marine shells used as raw material of chitosan and enhancement degree of deacetylation potential to be used as natural coagulant.

scholarly journals The Aesthetic and Plastic Values for the Concept of Synthesis through the Ages and the Variables of Material and Designing the Hanging Textile

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Nahla Ahmed Hamdy El-Deeb
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Pop Art ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
New Method ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Artistic Values

Synthesis means intermarriage and compatibility between more than one raw material in a single artwork. Interacting with its various properties and sources to reach a balance between expressive and technical aspects within the framework of the technical and technical capabilities of that raw material. By adding raw materials, they are woven with textured structures or by the new method developed through the art of gluing or collage and the art of assembly through deletion and addition within the scope of plastic treatments of the textile surface or by using both the traditional and the new method combined to merge between Woven materials and added media on the surface of the artwork. The research deals with synthesis through the ages (the ancient Egyptian - Coptic - Islamic - popular) and some schools of modern art (Cubism - Dada - Pop Art) and some pioneers in plastic art in Egypt (Munir Kanaan - Ahmed Nawar - Farghali Abdul Hafeez - Zainab Sabra). Research Problem: - To what extent can the aesthetic and plastic values ​​be benefited from the different treatments of natural and synthetic textile materials for the concept of synthesis? Research Aims: - Revealing the aesthetic, plastic, and artistic values ​​of the synthesis method throughout the ages to find new approaches to teaching manual fabric. - Create innovative aesthetic values ​​and formulations on the surface of the tissue sphere. The current research provides a program consisting of 3 teaching entrances that depend on a number of key and sub-concepts proposed for the concept of synthesis through art education. Keywords: The Aesthetic - Plastic Values - The Concept of Synthesis – Variables of Material and designing - Hanging Textile

scholarly journals Proposal for a new monolithic constructive system using mycocomposite nucleus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivyan Pinheiro Simão Ribeiro ◽  
Maria das Graças Machado Freire ◽  
Glória Andreia Ferreira Hernández ◽  
Michel Picanço Oliveira ◽  
Bárbara Ferreira de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Green Materials ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Suitable Combination ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Reinforcing Fiber

“Green” materials and productive processes have progressively been searched for. In the last years, it has increased the number of researches regarding mycocomposites characterization and, above all, their applicability. Biofabrication is a process that is carried out by incubating the substrate composed of organic residues with fungal mycelium. During incubation, the fungus gradually develops on the substrate, penetrating the microscopic channels of the different residues, and acting both as a reinforcing fiber and as a binding material. This Project was designed to seek the most suitable combination between substrate components and the fungus Ganoderma sp.aiming to obtain a mycocomposite which could be used as a nucleus of an alternative monolithic constructive system. In this project, composites using the fungus Ganoderna sp. and five different types of waste (white wood sawdust, cornstarch, bark and coffee grounds, and piassava fiber) were investigated. The morphology of these components, as well as mycelium and substrate interaction, was studied by scanning electron microscopy technique. The mechanical properties were determined through bending and compression tests, being correlated with the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The fabrication of a mycocomposite panel was proposed as an application; it could be included as the core of the prototype of a building system of walls, structured with steel and mortar. Thus, this project aimed to contribute to the ecosystem’s quality, once the raw material used was composed of organic waste that would be reinserted in a production process instead of being discarded in nature. Besides, the project suggests the production of a new biologically-based material for civil construction.

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