scholarly journals Estimation Model of Soil Freeze-Thaw Erosion in Silingco Watershed Wetland of Northern Tibet

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Kong ◽  
Huan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
Summation Method ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Northern Tibet ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
First Time

The freeze-thaw (FT) erosion is a type of soil erosion like water erosion and wind erosion. Limited by many factors, the grading evaluation of soil FT erosion quantities is not well studied. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the evaluation indices of soil FT erosion, we for the first time utilized the sensitivity of microwave remote sensing technology to soil moisture for identification of FT state. We established an estimation model suitable to evaluate the soil FT erosion quantity in Silingco watershed wetland of Northern Tibet using weighted summation method of six impact factors including the annual FT cycle days, average diurnal FT phase-changed water content, average annual precipitation, slope, aspect, and vegetation coverage. Finally, with the support of GIS, we classified soil FT erosion quantity in Silingco watershed wetland. The results showed that soil FT erosion are distributed in broad areas of Silingco watershed wetland. Different soil FT erosions with different intensities have evidently different spatial and geographical distributions.

scholarly journals Desertification Extraction Based on a Microwave Backscattering Contribution Decomposition Model at the Dry Bottom of the Aral Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4850
Author(s):  
Yubin Song ◽  
Hongwei Zheng ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Anming Bao ◽  
Jiaqiang Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Desertification Process ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Rich Material

The fine particles produced during the desertification process provide a rich material source for sand and dust activities. Accurately locating the desertified areas is a prerequisite for human intervention in sand and dust activities. In arid and semi-arid regions, due to very sparse vegetation coverage, the microwave surface scattering model is very suitable for describing the variation of topsoil property during the process of desertification. However, the microwave backscattering coefficient (MBC) trend of the soil during the desertification process is still unclear now. Moreover, the MBC of a resolution unit usually involves the contribution of soil and vegetation. These problems seriously limit the application of microwave remote sensing technology in desertification identification. In this paper, we studied the soil MBC change trend during the desertification process and proposed a microwave backscattering contribution decomposition (MBCD) model to estimate the soil MBC of a resolution unit. Furthermore, a simple microwave backscattering threshold (SMSBT) model was established to describe the severity of desertification. The MBCD and SMSBT models were verified qualitatively through landscape photos of sampling points from a field survey in November 2018. The results showed that the MBC would gradually decline with the deepening degree of desertification. The MBCD model and the corresponding least squares method can be used to estimate the soil MBC accurately, and the SMSBT model can accurately distinguish different degrees of desertification. The results of desertification classification showed that more than 68% of the dry bottom of the Aral Sea is suffering from different degrees of desertification.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Freeze–Thaw Erosion in Tibet Based on Cloud Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taoying Hu ◽  
Junfu Fan ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Yuke Zhou ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Index Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Traditionally, studies on freeze–thaw erosion have used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to calculate the weight of evaluation factors, however, this method cannot accurately depict the fuzziness and randomness of the problem. To overcome this disadvantage, the present study has proposed an improved AHP method based on the cloud model to evaluate the impact factors in freeze–thaw erosion. To establish an improved evaluation method for freeze–thaw erosion in Tibet, the following six factors were selected: annual temperature range, average annual precipitation, slope, aspect, vegetation coverage, and topographic relief. The traditional AHP and the cloud model were combined to determine the weight of the impact factors, and a consistency check was performed. The comprehensive evaluation index model was used to evaluate the intensity of freeze–thaw erosion in Tibet. The results show that freeze–thaw erosion is extensive, stretching over approximately 66.1% of Tibet. The problem is the most serious in Ngari Prefecture and Nagqu. However, mild erosion and moderate erosion, accounting for 37.1% and 25.0%, respectively, of the total freeze–thaw erosion are the most widely distributed. The evaluation results for the freeze–thaw erosion was confirmed to be consistent with the actual situation. In brief, this study provided a new approach to evaluate the conditions of freeze–thaw erosion quantitively in Tibet.

Research on the Key Technologies for New Large Dual-Platen High-Precision Clamping System

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Jian Chen ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Guo Dong Lu ◽  
Zheng Qi Ling
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Adaptive Correction ◽  
Hydraulic Servo ◽  
New Type ◽  
Clamping System ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
First Time

High- precision and large scale are the developing trend for injection molding machine clamping system .This paper compared the characteristics of three-platen toggle and dual-platen hydraulic clamping system. The key impact factors that effecting plastic parts` precision from clamping system were discussed systematically first time. Based on these analyses, a new clamping system has been proposed and manufactured to improve the plastics parts` precision, including three new technologies: new type dual-platen structure, parallelism adaptive correction technology and numerical controlled hydraulic servo system technology. It has been applied in practical machine successfully, and experiment result proves that it is effective enough to satisfying the high-precision molding of large plastics parts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anthocyanin encapsulation efficiency into yeast cell by plasmolysis, ethanol, and ultrasound treatments using alone or in combination

Food Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-562
Author(s):  
M.D. Lieu ◽  
T.T.H. Hoang ◽  
H.N.T. Nguyen ◽  
T.K.T. Dang
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

Anthocyanin is a water-soluble color compound of the flavonoid which was successfully encapsulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by plasmolysis, ethanol, and ultrasound treatments using alone or in combination in the first time. Treatment agents significantly enhanced the encapsulation efficiency of anthocyanin fluid. The encapsulation yield (EY) of the combined factors was higher than the individual impact factors. Ethanol 10% (v/v) and ultrasound 180 seconds for the highest EY 40.22±0.67%, then ethanol 10% (v/v) and NaCl 10% (w/v) for EY 36.45±0.35%, NaCl 10% and ultrasound for EY 32.14±0.98% lowest. The color stability evaluation of the capsules was carried out at 80°C for 30 minutes. The color lost rate was determined by the spectrometer. The color loss of samples with the un-treatment yeast was 20.45±1.21%, higher than the treated sample. This suggests that anthocyanin encapsulation by yeast cell is efficient in overcoming the effects of high temperatures and having potential applications in food processing.

scholarly journals Objective Estimation of Tropical Cyclone Intensity from Active and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Observations in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunsheng Xiang ◽  
Xiaofeng Yang ◽  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Ziwei Li ◽  
Fanping Kong
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Northwestern Pacific Ocean ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
China Meteorological Administration

A method of estimating tropical cyclone (TC) intensity based on Haiyang-2A (HY-2A) scatterometer, and Special Sensor Microwave Imager and Sounder (SSMIS) observations over the northwestern Pacific Ocean is presented in this paper. Totally, 119 TCs from the 2012 to 2017 typhoon seasons were selected, based on satellite-observed data and China Meteorological Administration (CMA) TC best track data. We investigated the relationship among the TC maximum-sustained wind (MSW), the microwave brightness temperature (TB), and the sea surface wind speed (SSW). Then, a TC intensity estimation model was developed, based on a multivariate linear regression using the training data of 96 TCs. Finally, the proposed method was validated using testing data from 23 other TCs, and its root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and bias were 5.94 m/s, 4.62 m/s, and −0.43 m/s, respectively.

Research and Development of Universal Equipment for Geological Hazard Monitoring and Early Warning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ma ◽  
Mingzhi Zhang ◽  
Gan Qi ◽  
Gloria Xing ◽  
Zack Huang
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Geological Hazard ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Disaster Monitoring ◽  
Adaptation Scenarios ◽  
Monitoring And Early Warning

<p>Hilly and mountainous areas account for 65% of the total land area in China. There were 286,708 potential geological hazard sites registered at the end of 2018, among which 276,600 were small-and medium-sized. Small and medium geological hazards are a priority in geological disaster prevention. However, due to their large number and the high prices of professional monitoring equipment, it is difficult to find a cost-effective and accurate monitoring technology, method, or means for their long-term disaster monitoring. To this end, this paper aims to explore a reliable, cost-effective, precise, easily installable, low-power solution for small and medium geological hazard monitoring and early warning, centring on characteristic quantities such as deformation before collapse, landslides, and other disasters, and some key impact factors such as rainfall, moisture content, stress, and displacement velocity. Using universal  equipment based on microelectromechanical sensing technology and narrowband IoT technology, laboratory simulations and field tests were performed to research the equipment in terms of adaptation scenarios, effective monitoring ranges, installation methods and locations, and normalization of data reporting content, thus setting up a scientific method for small and medium geological hazard monitoring and early warning.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of sodium alginate on the stability of natural soybean oil body emulsions

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4731-4741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxia Su ◽  
Younan Feng ◽  
Jing Ye ◽  
Yuemei Zhang ◽  
Zhiming Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Oil Body ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
The Stability ◽  
First Time

For the first time sodium alginate is used to improve the stability of oil body emulsions against salt, pH and freeze–thaw cycling.

Assessment on 2000-2010 Ecosystem Function Changes of Yiwulvshan National Nature Scenic Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 1051 ◽  
pp. 489-494
Author(s):  
Xiao Chen Wang ◽  
Jing Hai Zhu ◽  
Yuan Man Hu ◽  
Wei Ling Liu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Sensing Technology

Based on the remote-sensing data and ground data, this study is conducted on the ecosystem function of Yiwulvshan National Nature Scenic Area (hereinafter as “Yiwulvshan Scenic Area”) from 2000 to 2010 with the GIS (geographic information system) and RS (remote sensing) technology, so as to provide reference for better environmental protection of the scenic area. It is shown from the results that there is no obvious change of land use in Yiwulvshan Scenic Area; while the capacity for soil and water conservation is slightly improved mainly due to increase of vegetation coverage; the vegetation net primary productivity declines somewhat about 5.27% in past 10 years; and biodiversity is slightly increased. As a whole, the ecosystem function of Yiwulvshan Scenic Area basically kept stable in the past 10 years, which indicated that the existing regulations can effectively protect the ecological function of the Scenic Area.

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