scholarly journals Morphological Effects of HA on the Cell Compatibility of Electrospun HA/PLGA Composite Nanofiber Scaffolds

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Haider ◽  
Kailash Chandra Gupta ◽  
Inn-Kyu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Cell Compatibility ◽  
Composite Nanofiber ◽  
Nanofiber Scaffolds

Tissue engineering is faced with an uphill challenge to design a platform with appropriate topography and suitable surface chemistry, which could encourage desired cellular activities and guide bone tissue regeneration. To develop such scaffolds, composite nanofiber scaffolds of nHA and sHA with PLGA were fabricated using electrospinning technique. nHA was synthesized using precipitation method, whereas sHA was purchased. The nHA and sHA were suspended in PLGA solution separately and electrospun at optimized electrospinning parameters. The composite nanofiber scaffolds were characterized by FE-SEM, EDX analysis, TEM, XRD analysis, FTIR, and X-ray photoelectron. The potential of the HA/PLGA composite nanofiber as bone scaffolds in terms of their bioactivity and biocompatibility was assessed by culturing the osteoblastic cells onto the composite nanofiber scaffolds. The results fromin vitrostudies revealed that the nHA/PLGA composite nanofiber scaffolds showed higher cellular adhesion, proliferation, and enhanced osteogenesis performance, along with increased Ca+2ions release compared to the sHA/PLGA composite nanofiber scaffolds and pristine PLGA nanofiber scaffold. The results show that the structural dependent property of HA might affect its potential as bone scaffold and implantable materials in regenerative medicine and clinical tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Preparation and Evaluation of Biocompatible Composite for Bone Tissue Engineering

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Masud Rana Md. ◽  
Naznin Akhtar ◽  
Zahid Hasan Md. ◽  
Asaduzzaman S M
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Co Precipitation

Bone tissue engineering with cells and synthetic extracellular matrix represents a new approach for the regeneration of mineralized tissue compared with the transplantation of bone. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and its composite with biopolymer are extensively developed and applied in bone tissue regeneration. The main aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize of HA apatite based biocompatible scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Scaffolds with different ratio of polymers (chitosan & alginate), and fixed amount of synthetic HA were prepared using in situ co precipitation method and mineral to polymer ratio was 1:1 to 1: 2 . A cross linker agent, 2-Hydroxylmethacrylate (HEMA) was added at different percentage (0.5-2%) into the selected composition and irradiated at 5- 25 kGy to optimize the proper mixing of components at the presence of HEMA. Fabricated scaffolds were analyzed to determine porosity, density, biodegradability, morphology and structural properties. Porosity and density of the prepared scaffold were 75 to 92% and 0.21 to 0.42 g/cm3 respectively. However, the swelling ratio of the fabricated scaffolds was ranged from 133 to 197%. Nonetheless, there had a reasonable in-vitro degradation of prepared scaffolds. Flourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed intermolecular interaction between components in the scaffold. Pore size of scaffold was measured by scanning electron microscope and the value was 162-510 μm. It could be proposed that this scaffold fulfills all the main requirements to be considered as a bone substitute for biomedical application in near future.

Needleless electrospinning of PVP/PGS fibrous scaffolds for skin tissue engineering applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Keirouz ◽  
Giuseppino Fortunato ◽  
Anthony Callanan ◽  
Norbert Radacsi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Skin Substitute ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Skin Tissue Engineering ◽  
Needleless Electrospinning ◽  
High Concentrations

Scaffolds and implants used for tissue engineering need to be adapted for their mechanical properties with respect to their environment within the human body. Therefore, a novel composite for skin tissue engineering is presented by use of blends of Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) were fabricated via the needleless electrospinning technique. The formed PGS/PVP blends were morphologically, thermochemically and mechanically characterized. The morphology of the developed fibers related to the concentration of PGS, with high concentrations of PGS merging the fibers together plasticizing the scaffold. The tensile modulus appeared to be affected by the concentration of PGS within the blends, with an apparent decrease in the elastic modulus of the electrospun mats and an exponential increase of the elongation at break. Ultraviolet (UV) crosslinking of PGS/PVP significantly decreased and stabilized the wettability of the formed fiber mats, as indicated by contact angle measurements. In vitro examination showed good viability and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts over the period of a week. The present findings provide important insights for tuning the elastic properties of electrospun material by incorporating this unique elastomer, as a promising future candidate for skin substitute constructs.

scholarly journals Dual Network Composites of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Calcium Metaphosphate/Alginate with Osteogenic Ions for Bone Tissue Engineering in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Lilis Iskandar ◽  
Lucy DiSilvio ◽  
Jonathan Acheson ◽  
Sanjukta Deb
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery

Despite considerable advances in biomaterials-based bone tissue engineering technologies, autografts remain the gold standard for rehabilitating critical-sized bone defects in the oral and maxillofacial (OMF) region. A majority of advanced synthetic bone substitutes (SBS’s) have not transcended the pre-clinical stage due to inferior clinical performance and translational barriers, which include low scalability, high cost, regulatory restrictions, limited advanced facilities and human resources. The aim of this study is to develop clinically viable alternatives to address the challenges of bone tissue regeneration in the OMF region by developing ‘dual network composites’ (DNC’s) of calcium metaphosphate (CMP)—poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/alginate with osteogenic ions: calcium, zinc and strontium. To fabricate DNC’s, single network composites of PVA/CMP with 10% (w/v) gelatine particles as porogen were developed using two freeze–thawing cycles and subsequently interpenetrated by guluronate-dominant sodium alginate and chelated with calcium, zinc or strontium ions. Physicochemical, compressive, water uptake, thermal, morphological and in vitro biological properties of DNC’s were characterised. The results demonstrated elastic 3D porous scaffolds resembling a ‘spongy bone’ with fluid absorbing capacity, easily sculptable to fit anatomically complex bone defects, biocompatible and osteoconductive in vitro, thus yielding potentially clinically viable for SBS alternatives in OMF surgery.

scholarly journals Bi-layered Nanofibers Membrane Loaded with Titanium Oxide and Tetracycline as Controlled Drug Delivery System for Wound Dressing Applications

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezk ◽  
Lee ◽  
Son ◽  
Park ◽  
Kim
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Cell Compatibility

: The aim of this study is to develop a novel functional bi-layered membrane loaded titanium oxide (TiO2) and tetracycline (TTC) for application in wound dressing. The advantages of the electrospinning technique have to be considered for the uniform distribution of nanoparticles and TTC drug. The as prepared nanofibers and TiO2 were characterized in terms of morphology, fiber diameter, mechanical properties and surface wettability. The in vitro drug release study revealed initial burst release followed by a sustained control release of TTC for 4 days. The in vitro antibacterial of the bi-layered nanofibers was conducted against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria species showing excellent antibacterial effect for drug loaded samples compared with PCL nanofibers. Subsequently, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to evaluate its biocompatibility in vitro. Our results revealed that the bi-layered membrane has better antibacterial and cell compatibility than the control fiber. This suggests that the fabricated biocompatible scaffold is appropriate for a variety of wound dressing applications.

Preparation and Characterization of Ha/Gel/β-TCP Microspheres Composite Porous Scaffold

2018 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Yang Zi Zhao ◽  
You Fa Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
Cell Compatibility ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffolds

Being one of the three elements of tissue engineering, three-dimensional porous structure scaffold plays an important role in tissue engineering. As it not only prvovide cells for the life, but also serves as a template to guide tissue regeneration and control of organizational structure and other functions. In this study, hyaluronic acid and gelatin are successfully cross-linked by 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) , and compound β-TCP microspheres to prepare porous hydrogel scaffolds. The microspheres were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). At the same time, the compressive strength, swelling ratio, degradation of the scaffold were tested. To assess the in vitro cell compatibility of the scaffolds, mouse L929 fibroblasts were seeded onto scaffolds for cell morphology and cell viability studies. The results showed that the pore size of the porous scaffold can be adjusted by changing the ratio of gelatin to hyaluronic acid (HA), increasing the proportion of hyaluronic acid in a certain range, pore size will be significantly increased. With the increase of the proportion of hyaluronic acid in the scaffold, the swelling ratio and the degradation rate also increased. The compressive strength of the scaffold increased with the increase of the proportion of gelatin. The appropriate ratio of β-TCP can promote cell growth and proliferation.

scholarly journals A Concise Review on the Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cell Sheet-Based Tissue Engineering with Special Emphasis on Bone Tissue Regeneration

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cagdas Yorukoglu ◽  
A. Esat Kiter ◽  
Semih Akkaya ◽  
N. Lale Satiroglu-Tufan ◽  
A. Cevik Tufan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Cell Sheet Engineering ◽  
Application Techniques

The integration of stem cell technology and cell sheet engineering improved the potential use of cell sheet products in regenerative medicine. This review will discuss the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cell sheet-based tissue engineering. Besides their adhesiveness to plastic surfaces and their extensive differentiation potential in vitro, MSCs are easily accessible, expandable in vitro with acceptable genomic stability, and few ethical issues. With all these advantages, they are extremely well suited for cell sheet-based tissue engineering. This review will focus on the use of MSC sheets in osteogenic tissue engineering. Potential application techniques with or without scaffolds and/or grafts will be discussed. Finally, the importance of osteogenic induction of these MSC sheets in orthopaedic applications will be demonstrated.

scholarly journals Impact of B2O3 and La2O3 addition on structural, mechanical and biological properties of hydroxyapatite

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Khoshsima ◽  
Ammar Alshemary ◽  
Aysen Tezcaner ◽  
Sedat Surdem ◽  
Zafer Evis
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Absorption Bands

In this study, hydroxyapatite-B2O3-La2O3 composites (with ? 20 wt.%B2O3 and ? 2 wt.% La2O3) were synthesized via wet precipitation method and calcined at 1100?C for 1 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the existence of the pure hydroxyapatite (HA) phase with high crystallinity. Characteristic absorption bands of HA were also observed in Fourier transform infrared spectra. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that the addition of B2O3 and La2O3 into HA enhanced the particle growth. Mechanical properties of the composites were studied by diametral tensile test and the results showed that incorporation of 10 wt.% B2O3 and 2 wt.% La2O3 led to a 39% increase in tensile strength (compared to the pure HA). In vitro cytocompatibility of HA-B2O3-La2O3 composites was investigated using Osteosarcoma Cell Lines (Saos-2). Incorporation of B2O3 and La2O3 into HA had no toxic effect towards the cells. Based on its tensile strength properties and biological response, composite of 88 wt.% HA, 10 wt.% B2O3 and 2 wt.% La2O3 was suggested as a promising composite for bone tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Tissue Engineering for the Insertions of Tendons and Ligaments: An Overview of Electrospun Biomaterials and Structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Sensini ◽  
Gabriele Massafra ◽  
Carlo Gotti ◽  
Andrea Zucchelli ◽  
Luca Cristofolini
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Myotendinous Junction ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Junction Site ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Myotendinous Junctions

The musculoskeletal system is composed by hard and soft tissue. These tissues are characterized by a wide range of mechanical properties that cause a progressive transition from one to the other. These material gradients are mandatory to reduce stress concentrations at the junction site. Nature has answered to this topic developing optimized interfaces, which enable a physiological transmission of load in a wide area over the junction. The interfaces connecting tendons and ligaments to bones are called entheses, while the ones between tendons and muscles are named myotendinous junctions. Several injuries can affect muscles, bones, tendons, or ligaments, and they often occur at the junction sites. For this reason, the main aim of the innovative field of the interfacial tissue engineering is to produce scaffolds with biomaterial gradients and mechanical properties to guide the cell growth and differentiation. Among the several strategies explored to mimic these tissues, the electrospinning technique is one of the most promising, allowing to generate polymeric nanofibers similar to the musculoskeletal extracellular matrix. Thanks to its extreme versatility, electrospinning has allowed the production of sophisticated scaffolds suitable for the regeneration of both the entheses and the myotendinous junctions. The aim of this review is to analyze the most relevant studies that applied electrospinning to produce scaffolds for the regeneration of the enthesis and the myotendinous junction, giving a comprehensive overview on the progress made in the field, in particular focusing on the electrospinning strategies to produce these scaffolds and their mechanical, in vitro, and in vivo outcomes.

scholarly journals Natural and Synthetic Polymers for Bone Scaffolds Optimization

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Donnaloja ◽  
Emanuela Jacchetti ◽  
Monica Soncini ◽  
Manuela T. Raimondi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Polymeric Scaffold ◽  
Technology Improvement

Bone tissue is the structural component of the body, which allows locomotion, protects vital internal organs, and provides the maintenance of mineral homeostasis. Several bone-related pathologies generate critical-size bone defects that our organism is not able to heal spontaneously and require a therapeutic action. Conventional therapies span from pharmacological to interventional methodologies, all of them characterized by several drawbacks. To circumvent these effects, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are innovative and promising approaches that exploit the capability of bone progenitors, especially mesenchymal stem cells, to differentiate into functional bone cells. So far, several materials have been tested in order to guarantee the specific requirements for bone tissue regeneration, ranging from the material biocompatibility to the ideal 3D bone-like architectural structure. In this review, we analyse the state-of-the-art of the most widespread polymeric scaffold materials and their application in in vitro and in vivo models, in order to evaluate their usability in the field of bone tissue engineering. Here, we will present several adopted strategies in scaffold production, from the different combination of materials, to chemical factor inclusion, embedding of cells, and manufacturing technology improvement.

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