scholarly journals Impact of B2O3 and La2O3 addition on structural, mechanical and biological properties of hydroxyapatite

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Khoshsima ◽  
Ammar Alshemary ◽  
Aysen Tezcaner ◽  
Sedat Surdem ◽  
Zafer Evis
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Absorption Bands

In this study, hydroxyapatite-B2O3-La2O3 composites (with ? 20 wt.%B2O3 and ? 2 wt.% La2O3) were synthesized via wet precipitation method and calcined at 1100?C for 1 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the existence of the pure hydroxyapatite (HA) phase with high crystallinity. Characteristic absorption bands of HA were also observed in Fourier transform infrared spectra. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that the addition of B2O3 and La2O3 into HA enhanced the particle growth. Mechanical properties of the composites were studied by diametral tensile test and the results showed that incorporation of 10 wt.% B2O3 and 2 wt.% La2O3 led to a 39% increase in tensile strength (compared to the pure HA). In vitro cytocompatibility of HA-B2O3-La2O3 composites was investigated using Osteosarcoma Cell Lines (Saos-2). Incorporation of B2O3 and La2O3 into HA had no toxic effect towards the cells. Based on its tensile strength properties and biological response, composite of 88 wt.% HA, 10 wt.% B2O3 and 2 wt.% La2O3 was suggested as a promising composite for bone tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Silica-Coated Europium-Doped Gadolinium Oxide Nanorods for Dual-Modal Imaging of Cancer Cells

NANO ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (06) ◽  
pp. 1750073 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gayathri ◽  
R. Arun Kumar ◽  
B. S. Panigrahi ◽  
B. Devanand
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Gadolinium Oxide ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Oxide Nanorods ◽  
Prepared Nanorods

Dual-modal imaging of cancer cells is possible with the silica-coated europium-doped gadolinium oxide nanorods due to their magnetic and luminescent properties. In the synthesized nanorods, europium ions serve as ‘luminescent centers’ facilitating optical imaging and gadolinium oxide acts as the contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This article reports the synthesis method of the europium-doped gadolinium oxide (Eu:Gd2O[Formula: see text] nanorods by the co-precipitation method. The prepared nanorods are further coated with silica to improve its biocompatibility. From the x-ray diffraction (XRD) data, the crystallinity was found to decrease due to the amorphous nature of the silica. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies show that Eu:Gd2O3 nanorods with a length of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]600[Formula: see text]nm and diameter of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]40[Formula: see text]nm were formed. Silica was coated uniformly with the thickness of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]15[Formula: see text]nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirms the presence of silica in the prepared nanorods. Emission at 611[Formula: see text]nm due the presence of Eu[Formula: see text] ions was observed. The life time of uncoated and silica-coated nanorods was calculated to be 1.1[Formula: see text]ms and 0.9[Formula: see text]ms, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity of the synthesized nanorods in MG63 (human osteosarcoma cell line) was assessed by MTT assay. In vitro MRI studies reveal that the prepared nanorods can be used for T1 contrast enhancement.

In Vitro Cytotoxicity Study of the Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites

2009 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1011-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Mei Chen ◽  
Ting Fei Xi ◽  
Yu Dong Zheng ◽  
Yi Zao Wan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Target Cells

The nanocomposite of nano-hydroxyapatite/bacterial cellulose (nHA/BC) obtained by depositing in simulated body fluid (SBF), incorporating their excellent mechanical and biological properties, is expected to have potential applications in bone tissue engineering. However, the biological response evaluation of biomaterials is required to provide useful information to improve their design and application. In this article, the in vitro cytotoxicity of composites nHA/BC as well as its degradation residues was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of original materials and their degradation residues. The degree of degradation was evalued by measuring the concentration of reducing sugar (glucose) by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Bone-forming osteoblasts (OB) and infinite culture cell line L929 fibroblasts were used to measure the cytotocixity of materials with MTT assay. Both kinds of cells in infusion proliferate greatly in a normal form and their relative growth rate (RGR) exceeds by 75%, which shows the cytotoxicity of materials is graded as 0~1, according to the national standard. Nevertheless, bone-forming OB cells, as a kind of target cells, are more susceptive on the cytotoxicity than infinite culture fibroblast cells L929. The results suggest the nanocomposite of nHA/BC without cytotoxicity is greatly promising as a kind of scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering and tissue functional cells are more suited to evaluate the cytotoxicity of biomedical materials.

Sol-Gel Synthesis and Characterization of SiO2-CaO-P2O5-SrO Bioactive Glass: In Vitro Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 631 ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Solgi ◽  
M. Shahrezaee ◽  
A. Zamanian ◽  
T.S. Jafarzadeh Kashi ◽  
Majid Raz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Glass Network ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Human Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

Bioactive glass of the type CaO–SrO–P2O5–SiO2was obtained by the sol-gel processing method. Three samples containing 0 mol%, 5 mol% and 10 mol% of SrO were synthesized. The obtained bioactive glasses were characterized by the techniques such as, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the effect of SrO/CaO substitution on in vitro biological properties of the synthesized glasses were evaluated and biocompatibility of the samples was measured using MTT assay. The results showed that incorporation of Sr in the obtained glass network did not result in any structural alteration of it due to the similar role of SrO compared with that of CaO. In vitro experiments with human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63) and MTT assay indicated that bioactive glass incorporating 5 mol% of Sr in the composition is non-toxic and revealed good biocompatibility.

scholarly journals Use of Cellulose and Oxidized Cellulose Nanocrystals from Olive Stones in Chitosan Bionanocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragab E. Abou-Zeid ◽  
Enas A. Hassan ◽  
Fedia Bettaieb ◽  
Ramzi Khiari ◽  
Mohammad L. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Oxidized Cellulose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rate Of Dissolution ◽  
Olive Stones ◽  
Carboxylic Groups

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl- (TEMPO-) oxidized cellulose nanocrystals (CNC-TEMPO) were prepared from olive stones. The prepared nanocrystals were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and carboxylic groups content determination. The prepared nanocrystals were used as reinforcing elements in chitosan nanocomposites, which were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tensile strength properties. In addition, the bioactivity of the prepared chitosan nanocomposites was studiedin vitroin simulated body fluid (SBF) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron diffraction X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results showed positive effect of the nanocrystals on tensile strength properties of chitosan and noticeable reduction in its rate of dissolution in SBF due to presence of cellulose nanocrystals. Chitosan nanocomposites containing CNC-TEMPO showed higher tensile strength properties and higher rate of dissolution in SBF than those containing cellulose nanocrystals. Nanocomposites containing CNC or CNC-TEMPO could not form significant amounts of hydroxyapatite (HAp) upon immersion in SBF for up to 4 weeks. Upon addition of nanohydroxyapatite to chitosan/cellulose nanocrystals films, formation of new hydroxyapatite depositions was observed. Presence of cellulose nanocrystals in chitosan/HAp resulted in formation and deposition of higher amounts of new HAp than in case of using chitosan/HAp without cellulose nanocrystals.

scholarly journals Novel Chitosan-Silica Hybrid Hydrogels for Cell Encapsulation and Drug Delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12267
Author(s):  
Soher N. Jayash ◽  
Paul R. Cooper ◽  
Richard M. Shelton ◽  
Sarah A. Kuehne ◽  
Gowsihan Poologasundarampillai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Cell Encapsulation ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogels ◽  
Oscillatory Rheometry ◽  
3D Cell Cultures

Hydrogels constructed from naturally derived polymers provide an aqueous environment that encourages cell growth, however, mechanical properties are poor and degradation can be difficult to predict. Whilst, synthetic hydrogels exhibit some improved mechanical properties, these materials lack biochemical cues for cells growing and have limited biodegradation. To produce hydrogels that support 3D cell cultures to form tissue mimics, materials must exhibit appropriate biological and mechanical properties. In this study, novel organic-inorganic hybrid hydrogels based on chitosan and silica were prepared using the sol-gel technique. The chemical, physical and biological properties of the hydrogels were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVAs and independent-sample t-tests. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed characteristic absorption bands including amide II, Si-O and Si-O-Si confirming formation of hybrid networks. Oscillatory rheometry was used to characterise the sol to gel transition and viscoelastic behaviour of hydrogels. Furthermore, in vitro degradation revealed both chitosan and silica were released over 21 days. The hydrogels exhibited high loading efficiency as total protein loading was released in a week. There were significant differences between TC2G and C2G at all-time points (p < 0.05). The viability of osteoblasts seeded on, and encapsulated within, the hydrogels was >70% over 168 h culture and antimicrobial activity was demonstrated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. The hydrogels developed here offer alternatives for biopolymer hydrogels for biomedical use, including for application in drug/cell delivery and for bone tissue engineering.

Pamidronate-encapsulated electrospun polycaprolactone as a potential bone regenerative scaffold

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR Remya ◽  
Sunitha Chandran ◽  
Annie John ◽  
P Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bisphosphonate Therapy ◽  
Osteoporotic Bone ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Human Osteosarcoma ◽  
Oral Bisphosphonate ◽  
Human Osteosarcoma Cells ◽  
Pamidronate Disodium

This study explores the potential of electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds for the controlled delivery of pamidronate disodium pentahydrate, an amino-bisphosphonate drug used for the treatment of osteoporosis. Major drawbacks associated with oral bisphosphonate therapy are its poor bioavailability and gastrointestinal side-effects. Herein, we used polycaprolactone, a well-known Food and Drug Administration–approved biomaterial, as the delivering vehicle for pamidronate disodium pentahydrate. Scaffolds based on polycaprolactone with three different formulations (1, 3, and 5 wt%) of pamidronate disodium pentahydrate were fabricated by electrospinning, and a comparative study was carried out to evaluate the effect of pamidronate disodium pentahydrate on physico-mechanical and biological properties of polycaprolactone. The observations from Fourier-transform infrared spectra and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of pamidronate disodium pentahydrate into polycaprolactone scaffolds. The study also revealed that pamidronate disodium pentahydrate–loaded scaffolds exhibited improved hydrophilicity as well as superior mechanical properties as depicted by the contact angle measurements and mechanical property evaluation. In vitro drug release studies of pamidronate disodium pentahydrate–loaded scaffolds in phosphate buffer saline at 37°C showed that all the scaffolds exhibited controlled release of pamidronate disodium pentahydrate. In vitro degradation studies further revealed that pamidronate disodium pentahydrate incorporated polycaprolactone scaffolds degraded faster as depicted by the fiber rupture and drop in mechanical properties. In vitro cell culture studies using human osteosarcoma cell lines demonstrated that pamidronate disodium pentahydrate–loaded polycaprolactone scaffolds were cytocompatible. The human osteosarcoma cells had favorable interaction with the scaffolds, and the viability of adhered cells was depicted by the fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide staining. MTT assay further revealed enhanced cell viability on PCL/PDS3 scaffolds. Our findings bespeak that the pamidronate disodium pentahydrate–encapsulated electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds have the potential to serve as a promising drug delivery vehicle for osteoporotic bone defect repair.

scholarly journals Morphological Effects of HA on the Cell Compatibility of Electrospun HA/PLGA Composite Nanofiber Scaffolds

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Haider ◽  
Kailash Chandra Gupta ◽  
Inn-Kyu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Cell Compatibility ◽  
Composite Nanofiber ◽  
Nanofiber Scaffolds

Tissue engineering is faced with an uphill challenge to design a platform with appropriate topography and suitable surface chemistry, which could encourage desired cellular activities and guide bone tissue regeneration. To develop such scaffolds, composite nanofiber scaffolds of nHA and sHA with PLGA were fabricated using electrospinning technique. nHA was synthesized using precipitation method, whereas sHA was purchased. The nHA and sHA were suspended in PLGA solution separately and electrospun at optimized electrospinning parameters. The composite nanofiber scaffolds were characterized by FE-SEM, EDX analysis, TEM, XRD analysis, FTIR, and X-ray photoelectron. The potential of the HA/PLGA composite nanofiber as bone scaffolds in terms of their bioactivity and biocompatibility was assessed by culturing the osteoblastic cells onto the composite nanofiber scaffolds. The results fromin vitrostudies revealed that the nHA/PLGA composite nanofiber scaffolds showed higher cellular adhesion, proliferation, and enhanced osteogenesis performance, along with increased Ca+2ions release compared to the sHA/PLGA composite nanofiber scaffolds and pristine PLGA nanofiber scaffold. The results show that the structural dependent property of HA might affect its potential as bone scaffold and implantable materials in regenerative medicine and clinical tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Synthesis of nano-fibers containing nano-curcumin in zein corn protein and its physicochemical and biological characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narges Fereydouni ◽  
Jebrail Movaffagh ◽  
Nafise Amiri ◽  
Susan Darroudi ◽  
Aida Gholoobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Corn Protein ◽  
Bioactive Substance ◽  
Nano Emulsion ◽  
Low Solubility

AbstractCurcumin contains many biological activities as a natural bioactive substance, however, its low solubility stands as a huge bioavailability disadvantage. Recently, different methods have been developed for utilizing the tremendous medicinal properties of this material. In this study, an Oil/Water nano-emulsion of curcumin (Nano-CUR) has been woven in zein polymer at three percentages of 5%, 10%, and 15% (v/v). We have investigated the physicochemical properties of nanofibers (NFs) including FESEM, FTIR, tensile strength, encapsulation efficiency, and release profile, as well as biological properties. According to the data, the NFs have been observed to become significantly thinner and more uniformed as the involved percentage of Nano-CUR had been increased from 5 to 15%. It is considerable that the tensile strength can be increased by heightening the existing Nano-CUR from 5% towards 15%. The resultant NFs of zein/Nano-CUR 15% have exhibited higher in vitro release and lower encapsulation efficiency than the other evaluated zein/Nano-CUR NFs. It has been confirmed through the performed viability and antioxidant studies that zein/Nano-CUR 10% NFs are capable of providing the best conditions for cell proliferation. Considering the mentioned facts, this work has suggested that Nano-CUR can be successfully woven in zein NFs and maintain their biological properties.

scholarly journals EVALUATION THE EFFECT OF NANOTECHNOLOGY ON PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF METRONIDAZOLE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa R. Abdulbaqi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Loading ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biologic Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Co Precipitation

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the application of nanotechnology in improving the solubility and biologic activity as the antibacterial and antifungal drug of metronidazole (MTZ).Methods: Nanoparticles of bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) were used as the nanocarriers for metronidazole (MTZ) and they were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. Drug loading on Bi2S3 nanoparticles, lattice property alteration and average particles sizes were evaluated using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The evaluation of the release of MTZ from Bi2S3 nanoparticles was carried out using USP type II rotating paddle apparatus. The antimicrobial activity of MTZ before and after loading was carried out by disc diffusion method against two aerobic gram+ve and one aerobic gram–ve bacteria, in addition to two fungi.Results: This study showed successful loading process as well as particles size reduction of MTZ after loading on Bi2S3 nanoparticles. In vitro release study showed a significant* increase in solubility and dissolution of MTZ after loading on Bi2S3 nanoparticles. MTZ showed a significant* increase in antibacterial (against gram+ve aerobic staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis) and antifungal (Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis) activities after loading process.Conclusion: Nanotechnology was applied successfully to improve both, solubility and biologic activity of the model drug used, metronidazole (MTZ). 

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate

2021 ◽  
Vol 2071 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
Nur Farahiyah Mohammad ◽  
Koo Li Mei ◽  
Mohd Riza Mohd Roslan ◽  
Siti Shuhadah Md Saleh ◽  
Farah Diana Mohd Daud
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Distilled Water

Abstract For the past few years, many researchers are focusing on biomaterials fabrication in porous form. The research on porous calcium phosphate has been investigated due to its excellent biocompatibility and better osseointegration. This research paper presented nanoporous biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) synthesised using chemical precipitation method. Triblock co-polymer F127 was used as pore directing agent. The chemical compositions of pure BCP samples were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis which shows common peak of BCP. The pore size distribution (PSD) on the other hand shows that the pore size of the samples mainly distributed at 52.8 nm, 49.6 nm and 32 nm. BCP pellets were soaked in phosphates buffered saline (PBS) and distilled water (DW) for 15 days. The pH of the soaking medium decreases throughout the soaking period due to degradation of BCP pellets, which release hydrogen ions into the PBS and distilled water. BCP degrades faster in distilled water than in PBS. After soaking for 15 days, materials were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to assess the morphological structure before and after in vitro degradation. Apatite formation was discovered on the surface of the BCP pellet that had been immersed in the PBS solution.

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