scholarly journals Dynamics of an Information Spreading Model with Isolation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia-Xia Zhao ◽  
Jian-Zhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Hopf Bifurcation ◽  
Limit Cycle ◽  
Real World ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Real ◽  
Spreading Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bistable Phenomenon ◽  
Information Spreading

Information plays an important role in modern society. In this paper, we presented a mathematical model of information spreading with isolation. It was found that such a model has rich dynamics including Hopf bifurcation. The results showed that, for a wide range of parameters, there is a bistable phenomenon in the process of information spreading and thus the information cannot be well controlled. Moreover, the model has a limit cycle which implies that the information exhibits periodic outbreak which is consistent with the observations in the real world.

scholarly journals Evaluating the real-world implementation of the Family Nurse Partnership in England: protocol for a data linkage study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e038530
Author(s):  
Francesca L Cavallaro ◽  
Ruth Gilbert ◽  
Linda Wijlaars ◽  
Eilis Kennedy ◽  
Ailsa Swarbrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
The Real ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Children In Care ◽  
Family Nurse Partnership

IntroductionAlmost 20 000 babies are born to teenage mothers each year in England, with poorer outcomes for mothers and babies than among older mothers. A nurse home visitation programme in the USA was found to improve a wide range of outcomes for young mothers and their children. However, a randomised controlled trial in England found no effect on short-term primary outcomes, although cognitive development up to age 2 showed improvement. Our study will use linked routinely collected health, education and social care data to evaluate the real-world effects of the Family Nurse Partnership (FNP) on child outcomes up to age 7, with a focus on identifying whether the FNP works better for particular groups of families, thereby informing programme targeting and resource allocation.Methods and analysisWe will construct a retrospective cohort of all women aged 13–24 years giving birth in English NHS hospitals between 2010 and 2017, linking information on mothers and children from FNP programme data, Hospital Episodes Statistics and the National Pupil Database. To assess the effectiveness of FNP, we will compare outcomes for eligible mothers ever and never enrolled in FNP, and their children, using two analysis strategies to adjust for measured confounding: propensity score matching and analyses adjusting for maternal characteristics up to enrolment/28 weeks gestation. Outcomes of interest include early childhood development, childhood unplanned hospital admissions for injury or maltreatment-related diagnoses and children in care. Subgroup analyses will determine whether the effect of FNP varied according to maternal characteristics (eg, age and education).Ethics and disseminationThe Nottingham Research Ethics Committee approved this study. Mothers participating in FNP were supportive of our planned research. Results will inform policy-makers for targeting home visiting programmes. Methodological findings on the accuracy and reliability of cross-sectoral data linkage will be of interest to researchers.

scholarly journals Discovery of nanoscale sanal flow choking in cardiovascular system: exact prediction of the 3D boundary-layer-blockage factor in nanotubes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Sanal Kumar ◽  
Vigneshwaran Sankar ◽  
Nichith Chandrasekaran ◽  
Sulthan Ariff Rahman Mohamed Rafic ◽  
Ajith Sukumaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Real World ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Flow Choking ◽  
The Real ◽  
Blockage Factor ◽  
Flow Systems

AbstractEvidences are escalating on the diverse neurological-disorders and asymptomatic cardiovascular-diseases associated with COVID-19 pandemic due to the Sanal-flow-choking. Herein, we established the proof of the concept of nanoscale Sanal-flow-choking in real-world fluid-flow systems using a closed-form-analytical-model. This mathematical-model is capable of predicting exactly the 3D-boundary-layer-blockage factor of nanoscale diabatic-fluid-flow systems (flow involves the transfer of heat) at the Sanal-flow-choking condition. As the pressure of the diabatic nanofluid and/or non-continuum-flows rises, average-mean-free-path diminishes and thus, the Knudsen-number lowers heading to a zero-slip wall-boundary condition with the compressible-viscous-flow regime in the nanoscale-tubes leading to Sanal-flow-choking due to the sonic-fluid-throat effect. At the Sanal-flow-choking condition the total-to-static pressure ratio (ie., systolic-to-diastolic pressure ratio) is a unique function of the heat-capacity-ratio of the real-world flows. The innovation of the nanoscale Sanal-flow-choking model is established herein through the entropy relation, as it satisfies all the conservation-laws of nature. The physical insight of the boundary-layer-blockage persuaded nanoscale Sanal-flow-choking in diabatic flows presented in this article sheds light on finding solutions to numerous unresolved scientific problems in physical, chemical and biological sciences carried forward over the centuries because the mathematical-model describing the phenomenon of Sanal-flow-choking is a unique scientific-language of the real-world-fluid flows. The 3D-boundary-layer-blockage factors presented herein for various gases are universal-benchmark-data for performing high-fidelity in silico, in vitro and in vivo experiments in nanotubes.

scholarly journals Failing Solidarity: Justified or Excused?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 189-218
Author(s):  
Eleonora Milazzo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Real World ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Real ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Eu

The concept of solidarity has been receiving growing attention from scholars in a wide range of disciplines. While this trend coincides with widespread unsuccessful attempts to achieve solidarity in the real world, the failure of solidarity as such remains a relatively unexplored topic. In the case of the so-called European Union (EU) refugee crisis, the fact that EU member states failed to fulfil their commitment to solidarity is now regarded as established wisdom. But as we try to come to terms with failing solidarity in the EU we are faced with a number of important questions: are all instances of failing solidarity equally morally reprehensible? Are some motivations for resorting to unsolidaristic measures more valid than others? What claims have an effective countervailing force against the commitment to act in solidarity?

scholarly journals Implementation of Maqasid Al-Syariah Contemporary Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd Rauf Muhammad Amin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
Contemporary Perspective ◽  
Innovation And Development

Al-Dharūriyyāt al-Khamsah is an important issue in the study of maqasid al-syariah. This has continued to undergo discourse enrichment since al-Juwaini and al-Gazali introduced it. In a sense, scholars from the past to the present have always tried to develop how the mechanism of its application into the real world according to the context of their respective times. Enrichment, innovation, and development of the discourse of the implementation of al-Dharūriyyāt al-Khamsah are considered necessary based on the fact that the needs of modern society are very much different from the needs of society in the past when our scholars discussed this issue. The results show that this matter has been debated in many cases at least the scholarly debate on the arrangement and concept of each item from the five matters. This paper will attempt to introduce the interpretations of contemporary scholars to the mechanism of preserving and defending religion, soul, lineage, intellect, and property.

scholarly journals Identifying the Influential Latent Edges for Promoting the Co-SIR Model

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dan Yang ◽  
Liming Pan ◽  
Zhidan Zhao ◽  
Tao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Message Passing ◽  
Sir Model ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Original Network ◽  
Spreading Model ◽  
Spreading Dynamics ◽  
Information Spreading

The network-based cooperative information spreading is a widely existing phenomenon in the real world. For instance, the spreading of disease outbreak news and disease prevention information often coexist and interact with each other on the Internet. Promoting the cooperative spreading of information in network-based systems is a subject of great importance in both theoretical and practical perspectives. However, very limited attention has been paid to this specific research area so far. In this study, we propose an effective approach for identifying the influential latent edges (that is, the edges that do not originally exist) which, if added to the original network, can promote the cooperative susceptible-infected-recovered (co-SIR) dynamics. To be specific, we first obtain the probabilities of each nodes being in different node states by the message-passing approach. Then, based on the state probabilities of nodes obtained, we come up with an indicator, which incorporates both the information of network topology and the co-SIR dynamics, to measure the influence of each latent edge in promoting the co-SIR dynamics. Thus, the most influential latent edges can be located after ranking all the latent edges according to their quantified influence. We verify the rationality and superiority of the proposed indicator in identifying the influential latent edges of both synthetic and real-world networks by extensive numerical simulations. This study provides an effective approach to identify the influential latent edges for promoting the network-based co-SIR information spreading model and offers inspirations for further research on intervening the cooperative spreading dynamics from the perspective of performing network structural perturbations.

scholarly journals Hardware in the Loop Implementation of the Oscillator-based Heart Model: A Framework for Testing Medical Devices

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Chiara Di Mascio ◽  
Giambattista Gruosso
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Real World ◽  
Clinical Result ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Heart Model ◽  
The Real ◽  
Development And Validation

The hardware in the loop technologies allow to simulate physical models in combination with real devices in order to validate the behavior of the latter under different conditions, not easily reproducible in the real world. They are widely used in various industrial applications. In this work we want to extend the methodology to medical devices. These must interact with the patient to obtain the desired clinical result, however, during the development and validation phase of medical devices, the patient cannot be involved in the testing process. In this article the hardware in the loop methodology is proposed starting from a mathematical model of the heart, based on oscillators, that can be used to validate pacemakers or other medical devices.

Authorship Attribution for a Resource Poor Language—Urdu

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Zulqarnain Nazir ◽  
Khurram Shahzad ◽  
Muhammad Kamran Malik ◽  
Waheed Anwar ◽  
Imran Sarwar Bajwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Real World ◽  
Authorship Attribution ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
The Real ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Heterogeneous Datasets ◽  
Asian Languages

Authorship attribution refers to examining the writing style of authors to determine the likelihood of the original author of a document from a given set of potential authors. Due to the wide range of authorship attribution applications, a plethora of studies have been conducted for various Western, as well as Asian, languages. However, authorship attribution research in the Urdu language has just begun, although Urdu is widely acknowledged as a prominent South Asian language. Furthermore, the existing studies on authorship attribution in Urdu have addressed a considerably easier problem of having less than 20 candidate authors, which is far from the real-world settings. Therefore, the findings from these studies may not be applicable to the real-world settings. To that end, we have made three key contributions: First, we have developed a large authorship attribution corpus for Urdu, which is a low-resource language. The corpus is composed of over 2.6 million tokens and 21,938 news articles by 94 authors, which makes it a closer substitute to the real-world settings. Second, we have analyzed hundreds of stylometry features used in the literature to identify 194 features that are applicable to the Urdu language and developed a taxonomy of these features. Finally, we have performed 66 experiments using two heterogeneous datasets to evaluate the effectiveness of four traditional and three deep learning techniques. The experimental results show the following: (a) Our developed corpus is many folds larger than the existing corpora, and it is more challenging than its counterparts for the authorship attribution task, and (b) Convolutional Neutral Networks is the most effective technique, as it achieved a nearly perfect F1 score of 0.989 for an existing corpus and 0.910 for our newly developed corpus.

scholarly journals Adversarial Examples in Physical World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiakai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Real World ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Physical World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adversarial Examples ◽  
Ai Safety

Although deep neural networks (DNNs) have already made fairly high achievements and a very wide range of impact, their vulnerability attracts lots of interest of researchers towards related studies about artificial intelligence (AI) safety and robustness this year. A series of works reveals that the current DNNs are always misled by elaborately designed adversarial examples. And unfortunately, this peculiarity also affects real-world AI applications and places them at potential risk. we are more interested in physical attacks due to their implementability in the real world. The study of physical attacks can effectively promote the application of AI techniques, which is of great significance to the security development of AI.

scholarly journals When will I ever use that? Giving students opportunity to see the direct application of modelling techniques in the real world.

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Ros Porter ◽  
Hannah Bartholomew
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Real World ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
First Year ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
The Real ◽  
Modelling Techniques

Mathematical modelling is unfamiliar to many young mathematicians and can be a source of anxiety for many. Although many first year mathematics undergraduates will have used mathematical models throughout GCSE and A Level most are unaware of this. Very few understand what a mathematical model is, fewer still the concept of building a model. In our experience students are reluctant to try and build their own models and fail to see the value of modelling skills in the real world. We invited 3 speakers to attend a first year modelling lecture to talk about the models they use in their jobs with the intention that this would help students see that modelling skills and analytical thought processes are valuable tools for a maths graduate. The speakers had different employment backgrounds being from banking, research (chemistry) and transport engineering. Each spoke for approximately 10 mins. giving an outline of their field. The lecture was followed by tutorials in which students were asked to reflect on what the speakers had said and how this related to their own learning. Two of the speakers also attended the tutorials and were able to have more informal conversations with the students.

scholarly journals Scientific abilities in undergraduate projects and laboratory

2016 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
David R Mills
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Real World ◽  
Physics Education ◽  
Physics Education Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Physics Teaching ◽  
The Real ◽  
Wide Range

Projects are being increasingly used to provide a richer experience in physics teaching laboratories, and in the higher years, these may well approximate to the real world of industry and research. In first year, however, a wide range of approaches are utilised, from projects to open-ended experiments, yet questions remain about how students can best acquire a range of desired scientific abilities. Recent physics education research has suggested tools and approaches to help develop and measure the abilities such as needed to design and implement an experiment. Examples from several countries illustrate the need for matching the task with students' capabilities, and how various goals may be achieved for student learning in the laboratory.

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