scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Biodegradation Studies of Poly(1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene-adipate-carbonate)s

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay S. Chandure ◽  
Ganesh S. Bhusari ◽  
Suresh S. Umare
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Solution Viscosity ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Titanium Butoxide ◽  
Soil Burial

Aliphatic/alicyclic poly(1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene-adipate-carbonate)s (PCACs) were synthesized by a transesterification from 1,4-cyclohexamethylendimethanol (1,4-CHDM), adipic acid (AA), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and titanium butoxide Ti(OBu)4 as a transesterification catalyst. The synthesized PCACs were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), solubility, solution viscosity, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for their structural, physical, thermal, and morphological investigation. The structure of synthesized PCACs was confirmed by FTIR. All TGA curves of PCACs shows 10% weight loss above 270°C, and they reveal good thermal stability. Biodegradability of PCACs was investigated by hydrolytic degradation at (pH 7.2 and 11.5), enzymatic degradation using Rhizopus delemar lips at 37°C in phosphate buffer solution (PBS), and soil burial degradation at 30°C. The hydrolytic degradation shows the greater rate of weight loss in PBS at pH-11.5 than pH-7.2. The hydrolytic and soil burial degradation shows faster rate of weight loss as compared to enzymatic degradation. Biodegradation rate of PCACs follows the order: PCAC-20 > PCAC-40 > PCAC-60. SEM images show that degradation occurred all over the film surface, creating holes and cracks. These biodegradable PCACs may be able to replace conventional polymer in the fabrication of packaging film in near future.

scholarly journals Differential Biodegradation Kinetics of Collagen Membranes for Bone Regeneration

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1290
Author(s):  
Manuel Toledano ◽  
Samara Asady ◽  
Manuel Toledano-Osorio ◽  
Franklin García-Godoy ◽  
María-Angeles Serrera-Figallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Barrier Membranes ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Equine Pericardium ◽  
Collagen Membranes ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Digital Caliper

Native collagen-based membranes are used to guide bone regeneration; but due to their rapid biodegradation, this treatment is often unpredictable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biodegradability of natural collagen membranes. Three non-cross-linked resorbable collagen barrier membranes were tested: Derma Fina (porcine dermis), Evolution Standard (equine pericardium) and Duo-Teck (equine lyophilized collagen felt). 10 × 10 mm2 pieces of membranes were submitted to three different degradation procedures: (1) hydrolytic degradation in phosphate buffer solution, (2) enzyme resistance, using a 0.25% porcine trypsin solution, and (3) bacterial (Clostridium histolyticum) collagenase resistance test. Weight measurements were performed with an analytic microbalance. Thickness was measured with a digital caliper. Membranes were analyzed at different time-points, up to 21 d of immersion. A stereomicroscope was used to obtain membranes’ images. ANOVA and Student Newman Keuls were used for mean comparisons (p < 0.05), except when analyzing differences between time-points within the same membrane and solution where pair-wise comparisons were applied (p < 0.001). Derma Fina attained the highest resistance to all degradation challenges. Duo-Teck was the most susceptible membrane to degradation, complete degradation occurred as soon as 8 h. The bacterial collagenase solution performed as the most aggressive test as all membranes presented 100% degradation before 21 d.

scholarly journals Effects of Tensile Stress and Soil Burial on Mechanical and Chemical Degradation Potential of Agricultural Plastic Films

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Han ◽  
Min Wei ◽  
Xiaoyan Shi ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Xulong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Biodegradable Film ◽  
Plastic Films ◽  
Soil Burial

Plastic film mulching is widely practiced in arid and semiarid farming systems, but the accumulation of plastic residues in soils can negatively affect soil properties. Therefore, efficient means of plastic film degradation are urgently needed to mitigate its unfriendly environmental impacts for sustainable land use. Here, we characterized the effects of tensile stress (TS) and soil burial (SB) on potential degradation properties of three film types: Polyethylene film (PEF), oxo-biodegradable film (OBDF), and biodegradable film (BDF). Weight loss, mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, functional groups, and crystallinity were recorded after TS and SB treatments. The results indicated that: (1) Weight loss of plastic films was associated with SB, although the extent of weight loss depended on film type and was highest in BDF, (2) application of TS before SB weakened the mechanical properties of the films and increased their hydrophilicity, creating favorable conditions for the settlement of microorganisms on the film surface, (3) PEF treated with TS and SB had higher functional group indices and lower crystallinity. Our results highlighted that the combination of TS and SB has the potential to accelerate plastic film degradation.

In Vitro Biodegradability of Poly(lactic Acid)/Hydroxyapatite Biocomposites Prepared by Solvent-Blending Technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 631-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mujtahid Kaavessina ◽  
Fitriani Khanifatun ◽  
Imtiaz Ali ◽  
Saeed M. Alzahrani
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Micro Holes ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Poly (lactic acid) was solvent-blended and formed as thin ribbons with different weight fraction of hydroxyapatite, namely 5, 10 and 20wt%. In-vitro biodegradability of biocomposites was performed in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at 37°C. The presence of hydroxyapatite tended to increase biodegradability of poly (lactic acid) in its biocomposites. Thermal stability of biocomposites was always higher than that neat poly (lactic acid) either before and after hydrolytic degradation tests. After biodegradation tests, some micro-holes and cracks were appeared in the surface morphology of biocomposites as well as the increasing crystallinity occurred.

scholarly journals Biological Compatibility of a Polylactic Acid Composite Reinforced with Natural Chitosan Obtained from Shrimp Waste

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaret Torres-Hernández ◽  
Gloria Ortega-Díaz ◽  
Lucía Téllez-Jurado ◽  
Nayeli Castrejón-Jiménez ◽  
Alejandro Altamirano-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Biological Compatibility

The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of chitosan content (1, 3 and 5 wt %) dispersed in polylactic acid (PLA) on the structure and properties of composites. Also, the hydrolytic degradation, and the cell viability and adhesion of human MG-63 osteoblasts are analyzed to determine the composites’ suitability for use in tissue engineering. For the manufacture of the materials, natural chitosan was extracted chemically from shrimp exoskeleton. The composites were fabricated by extrusion, because it is a low-cost process, it is reproducible, and it does not compromise the biocompatibility of the materials. FT-IR and XRD show that the chitosan does not change the polymer structure, and interactions between the composite components are discarded. In vitro degradation tests show that the composites do not induce significant pH changes in phosphate buffer solution due to their low susceptibility to hydrolytic degradation. The adhesion and morphological characteristics of the osteoblasts are evaluated using confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The cell viability is determined by the MTT assay. Osteoblasts adhesion is observed on the surface of PLA and composites. A higher amount of chitosan, higher number of cells with osteoblastic morphology, and mineralized nodules are observed on the composite surface. The highest metabolic activity is evidenced at 21 days. The results suggest that the Polylactic acid/chitosan composites are potentially suitable for use as a biomaterial.

scholarly journals In Vitro Biodegradation Pattern of Collagen Matrices for Soft Tissue Augmentation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2633
Author(s):  
Cristina Vallecillo ◽  
Manuel Toledano-Osorio ◽  
Marta Vallecillo-Rivas ◽  
Manuel Toledano ◽  
Raquel Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Soft Tissue Augmentation ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Collagen Matrices ◽  
Bacterial Collagenase ◽  
Tissue Augmentation ◽  
Tissue Grafts

Collagen matrices have become a great alternative to the use of connective tissue grafts for soft tissue augmentation procedures. One of the main problems with these matrices is their volume instability and rapid degradation. This study has been designed with the objective of examining the degradation of three matrices over time. For this purpose, pieces of 10 × 10 mm2 of Fibro-Gide, Mucograft and Mucoderm were submitted to three different degradation tests—(1) hydrolytic degradation in phosphate buffer solution (PBS); (2) enzyme resistance, using a 0.25% porcine trypsin solution; and (3) bacterial collagenase resistance (Clostridium histolyticum)—over different immersion periods of up to 50 days. Weight measurements were performed with an analytic microbalance. Thickness was measured with a digital caliper. A stereomicroscope was used to obtain the matrices’ images. ANOVA and Student–Newman–Keuls tests were used for mean comparisons (p < 0.05), except when analyzing differences between time-points within the same matrix and solution, where pair-wise comparisons were applied (p < 0.001). Fibro-Gide attained the highest resistance to all degradation challenges. The bacterial collagenase solution was shown to constitute the most aggressive test as all matrices presented 100% degradation before 14 days of storage.

scholarly journals Production and enzymatic degradation of poly(ε-caprolactone)/graphene oxide composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 866-876
Author(s):  
V. Martínez-Ramón ◽  
I. Castilla-Cortázar ◽  
A. Vidaurre ◽  
A. J. Campillo-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Weight Loss Data ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Oxide Composites

Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based composites containing different graphene oxide (GO) contents (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 wt%) were produced by the solution mixing method followed by compression molding and enzymatically degraded in a pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution containing Pseudomonas lipase at 37 °C. Morphological changes, molecular weight, calorimetric and mechanical properties were analyzed according to graphene oxide content. The study of tensile properties showed that the composites increased their Young’s modulus, while tensile strength and elongation at break decreased to significantly less than that of neat PCL. PCL composite crystallinity was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that incorporating GO can reduce nucleation activity as well as crystallization rates, from 67.6% for neat PCL to 50.6% for a composite with 0.5 wt% GO content. For enzymatic degradation, the weight loss data showed that incorporating GO into the PCL significantly altered enzymatic degradation. The presence of GO did not alter PCL’s hydrolysis mechanism, but did slow down composite enzymatic degradation in proportion to the percentage of filler content.

The Effect of Melt-Spinning Technology on the Degradation of Poly(Glycolic Acid) Fiber In Vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 1240-1243
Author(s):  
Zheng Guo ◽  
Shou Hui Chen ◽  
Pei Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Inherent Viscosity ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Drawing Temperature ◽  
Viscosity Polymer

Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) fibers produced by melt-spinning technology with different parameters may possess different structures, which may lead to different degradation behavior. In this paper, PGA fibers produced by different technology parameters were placed in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (pH=7.4) at 37 °C up to 2 weeks to investigate the effect of melt-spinning technology on the degradation in vitro. Changes in weight loss and tensile strength of PGA fibers during degradation were investigated. The results showed that drawing multiple, drawing temperature and inherent viscosity of polymer had the influence on the performance of PGA fiber during degradation. The changes in weight loss and tensile strength during degradation in vitro indicated that the PGA fiber produced with higher drawing multiple degraded more slowly. The PGA fiber produced on higher drawing temperature degraded faster. The PGA fiber made from higher inherent viscosity polymer degraded more slowly.

In vitro degradation of polyglycolic acid synthesized by a one-step reaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siye Tang ◽  
Guilian Li ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Leilei Huang ◽  
Hui Tang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Hydrolytic Degradation ◽  
Chloroacetic Acid ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Polyglycolic Acid ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
One Step

Abstract Polyglycolic acid was synthesized by a one-step reaction of chloroacetic acid and triethylamine in tetrahydrofuran. The hydrolytic degradation of polyglycolic acid has been investigated. The in vitro degradation was investigated in a saline phosphate buffer. The degradation process was examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum, weight loss, melting point, X-ray powder diffraction, pH, and scanning electron microscopy measurements. The chemical structure of polyglycolic acid has a small change during in vitro degradation. Degradation occurred with an increase in weight loss, a decrease in melting point, an increase in crystallinity during the initial degradation period and then a decrease afterwards. The melting point fell abruptly after the sixth week. This indicates that the degradation degree increased suddenly, i.e., the molecular weight of polyglycolic acid should decrease abruptly. The pH of the buffer solution fell quickly and decreased with time during in vitro degradation. The lower pH indicates that the molecular weight of polyglycolic acid synthesized by a one-step reaction should be low, and this may enable polyglycolic acid to degrade easily. As the degradation time increased, the surfaces of polyglycolic acid samples were highly degraded, and the surface porosity increased.

Abstract 29: Biodegradable Elastomeric Polyurethane Scaffolds Mechanically Matching With Native Heart Muscle

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cancan Xu ◽  
Bryn Brazile ◽  
Kytai Nguyen ◽  
Jun Liao ◽  
Liping Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Soft Segment ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Initial Modulus ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Biodegradable cardiac patches need to be mechanically matching with native heart muscle, in order to provide appropriate mechanical support to rapidly restore heart functions and promote tissue remodeling for myocardial infarction (MI) management. Here, we utilized chemical molecular design to develop biodegradable elastomers with low initial modulus and then process them into porous scaffolds mechanically matching with native heart muscle. Methods and Results: We synthesized various amorphous copolymers including poly (δ-valerolactone-co-ε-caprolactone) (PVCL) and poly (ether ester) triblock copolymers with various molecular weights and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecular weights (PVCL-PEG-PVCL). The polyurethanes were then synthesized from PVCL or PVCL-PEG-PVCL as a soft segment, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as a hard segment and putrescine as a chain extender. The polyurethane products were presented as PU-PEGx-VCLy, where x and y refer to molecular weights of PEG and PVCL, respectively. Five polymers including PU-VCL 2k , PU-VCL 6K , PU-PEG 1K -VCL 1K , PU-PEG 1K -VCL 6K and PU-PEG 2K -VCL 6K were obtained. All polymers gradually degraded in phosphate buffer solution and enzyme solution. The 3T3 fibroblasts can grow and proliferate on all polymer film surface within 5 day culture, indicating the polymers have good cellular compatibility. PU-VCL 6K , PU-PEG 1K -VCL 6K and PU-PEG 2K -VCL 6K were further processed into porous scaffolds using thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). The PU-PEG 2K -VCL 6K scaffold at wet state had 0.19 ± 0.08 MPa initial modulus, which has no significant difference from initial modulus (0.19 ± 0.04 MPa) of the native porcine heart muscle. But the tensile strength of this scaffold is lower than that of heart muscle, which requies to be improved in the future. Conclusions: A new family of biodegradable elastic polyurethanes was synthesized and processed into porous scaffolds. The scaffolds showed promising mechanical match with heart muscle. These biodegradable polyurethane scaffolds would find opportunities to be used as a cardiac patch for heart infarction treatment.

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