scholarly journals Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Polypropylene/Nanoα-Al2O3Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mirjalili ◽  
L. Chuah ◽  
E. Salahi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Flexural Analysis ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
Internal Mixer

A nanocomposite containing polypropylene (PP) and nanoα-Al2O3particles was prepared using a Haake internal mixer. Mechanical tests, such as tensile and flexural tests, showed that mechanical properties of the composite were enhanced by addition of nanoα-Al2O3particles and dispersant agent to the polymer. Tensile strength was approximately∼16% higher than pure PP by increasing the nanoα-Al2O3loading from 1 to 4 wt% into the PP matrix. The results of flexural analysis indicated that the maximum values of flexural strength and flexural modulus for nanocomposite without dispersant were 50.5 and 1954 MPa and for nanocomposite with dispersant were 55.88 MPa and 2818 MPa, respectively. However, higher concentration of nanoα-Al2O3loading resulted in reduction of those mechanical properties that could be due to agglomeration of nanoα-Al2O3particles. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic observations of the nanocomposites also showed that fracture surface became rougher by increasing the content of filler loading from 1 to 4% wt.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood-Plastics Composites: Effect of Types and Contents of Wood Flour

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipda Sae-Lim ◽  
Duangdao Aht-Ong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Large Particle Size ◽  
Internal Mixer

Wood flour/high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were prepared by an internal mixer and a compression molding, respectively. The HDPE composites were mixed with four types of wood flour at various contents with and without coupling agent. Polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) was used as a coupling agent. The effects of type (hardwood and softwood), content (0, 30, 60, 80 wt%), and particle size (large and small) of wood flour on the mechanical properties, physical properties, and morphological properties of wood flour/HDPE composites were investigated. The results showed that the large particle size of wood flour provided better mechanical properties than the small particle size. The use of hardwood as a filler in HDPE resulted in the HDPE composites with higher flexural strength and lower water absorption than softwood. The flexural modulus of the wood flour composites was increased with filler loading when PE-g-MA was used as a coupling agent.

Influence of filler loading on the mechanical and morphological properties of carbonized coconut shell particles reinforced polypropylene composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-407
Author(s):  
Uchechi C Mark ◽  
Innocent C Madufor ◽  
Henry C Obasi ◽  
Udochukwu Mark
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Shell Particles ◽  
Coconut Shells

The high cost of mineral-based fillers and their processing difficulties have necessitated the search for alternative and cheaper filler materials, usually agro-waste materials such as coconut shells. The coconut shells were carbonized, pulverized, and sieved into four particles sizes, namely; 63 μm, 150 μm, 300 μm, and 425 μm. The carbonized coconut shell particles of each particle size were used as fillers in the preparation of polypropylene-filled composites at filler loadings of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt. %. The control was the neat polypropylene of 0% filler addition. The polypropylene/carbonized coconut shell particles composites were prepared via melt blending of polypropylene and the filler in an injection molding machine to obtain composite sheets. The influence of filler loading on the mechanical properties was evaluated. The addition of fillers was found to improve the yield strength, tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and hardness of polypropylene as these mechanical properties increased with increase in filler loading. The elongation at break and modulus of resilience of the prepared polypropylene/carbonized coconut shell particles composites were, however, observed to decline with an increase in the filler loading. Compared with the neat polypropylene, the filler showed enhanced mechanical properties in the prepared composites. SEM revealed good filler–matrix interaction because of good interfacial adhesion. The incorporation of more filler resulted in the formation of more spherulite-producing nuclei, reduction of pore sizes, and enhanced particle size distribution with improved mechanical properties. Experimental data modeling showed the addition of more than 48% carbonized coconut shell particles to polypropylene would compromise property enhancement.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Bio-Phenolic/Epoxy Polymer Blends

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Ahmad Safwan Ismail ◽  
Mohammad Jawaid ◽  
Norul Hisham Hamid ◽  
Ridwan Yahaya ◽  
Azman Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Epoxy Polymer ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Unique Material ◽  
Different Types

Polymer blends is a well-established and suitable method to produced new polymeric materials as compared to synthesis of a new polymer. The combination of two different types of polymers will produce a new and unique material, which has the attribute of both polymers. The aim of this work is to analyze mechanical and morphological properties of bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends to find the best formulation for future study. Bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends were fabricated using the hand lay-up method at different loading of bio-phenolic (5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, and 25 wt%) in the epoxy matrix whereas neat bio-phenolic and epoxy samples were also fabricated for comparison. Results indicated that mechanical properties were improved for bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends compared to neat epoxy and phenolic. In addition, there is no sign of phase separation in polymer blends. The highest tensile, flexural, and impact strength was shown by P-20(biophenolic-20 wt% and Epoxy-80 wt%) whereas P-25 (biophenolic-25 wt% and Epoxy-75 wt%) has the highest tensile and flexural modulus. Based on the finding, it is concluded that P-20 shows better overall mechanical properties among the polymer blends. Based on this finding, the bio-phenolic/epoxy blend with 20 wt% will be used for further study on flax-reinforced bio-phenolic/epoxy polymer blends.

Mechanical properties and toughening mechanisms of epoxy/graphene nanocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahim Eqra ◽  
Kamal Janghorban ◽  
Habib Daneshmanesh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Toughening Mechanism ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposites

Abstract Because of extraordinary physical, chemical and mechanical properties, graphene nanosheets (GNS) are suitable fillers for optimizing the properties of different polymers. In this research, the effect of GNS content (up to 1 wt.%) on tensile and flexural properties, morphology of fracture surface, and toughening mechanism of epoxy were investigated. Results of mechanical tests showed a peak for tensile and flexural strength of samples with 0.1 wt.% GNS such that the tensile and flexural strength improved by 13% and 3.3%, respectively. The Young’s modulus and flexural modulus increased linearly with GNS content, although the behavior of the Young’s modulus was more remarkable. Morphological investigations confirmed this behavior because the GNS dispersion in the epoxy matrix was uniform at lower contents and agglomerated at higher contents. Finally, microscopical observation showed that the major toughening mechanism of graphene-epoxy nanocomposites was crack path deflection, which changed the mirror fracture surface of the pure epoxy to rough surface.

Effect of fillers on mechanical properties of recycled low density polyethylene composites under weathered condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Ibiyemi A. Idowu ◽  
Olutosin O. Ilori
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Hardness Property ◽  
Recycled Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Polyethylene Composites

The study examined the effect of fillers on the mechanical properties of the recycled low density polyethylene composites under weathered condition with a view of managing the generation and disposal of plastic wastes. Discarded pure water sachets and fillers (glass and talc) were sourced and recycled. Recycled low density polyethylene (RLDPE) and preparation of RLDPE/glass, RLDPE/talc and RLDPE/glass/talc composites were carried out using a furnace at compositions of 0 – 40% in steps of 10% by weight. The mixtures were poured into hand-laid mould. The samples produced were exposed to sunlight for eight (8) weeks and their mechanical properties were studied. The results of mechanical tests revealed that tensile strength decreased with increasing filler loading while impact strength and hardness property increased marginally and considerably with increasing filler loading for all the composites respectively. The study concluded that glass and talc were able to reinforce recycled low density polyethylene under weathered condition. Keywords: Recycled Low Density Polyethylene (RLDPE); Fillers; Glass, Talc; Weathering condition; Sunlight; and Mechanical properties; Tensile strength, Impact and hardness

Mechanical Properties and Morphologies of PP/Co-PP/Talc Composites for Microwave Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 711-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Piwsawang ◽  
T. Jinkarn ◽  
Chiravoot Pechyen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Compression Load ◽  
Microwave Application ◽  
Lower Yield Strength ◽  
Morphology Development ◽  
Internal Mixer

Unmodified talc fillers were compounded with polypropylene (PP) and copolymer polyethylene (Co-PP) separately in a Brabender plasticorder internal mixer at 180 °C and 50 rpm in order to obtain composites, which contain 040 phr (per 100 part of resin) of filler at 40 phr intervals. The morphology development and the mechanical properties of the composites with reference to filler loading were investigated. In terms of mechanical properties, Youngs modulus and maximum compression load increased, whereas yield strength and elongation at break decreased with the increase in filler loading of PP/Co-PP/Talc composites. The PP/Co-PP exhibited lower yield strength and youngs modulus, and higher elongation at break than talc composites (data not show here). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the structure of the fracture surface to justify the variation of the measured mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Preparation of Reswellable Amorphous Porous Celluloses through Hydrogelation from Ionic Liquid Solutions

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Idenoue ◽  
Yoshitaka Oga ◽  
Daichi Hashimoto ◽  
Kazuya Yamamoto ◽  
Jun-ichi Kadokawa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Liquid Solutions ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Porous Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, we have performed the preparation of reswellable amorphous porous celluloses through regeneration from hydrogels. The cellulose hydrogels were first prepared from solutions with an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl), in different concentrations. Lyophilization of the hydrogels efficiently produced the regenerated celluloses. The powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic measurements of the products suggest an amorphous structure and porous morphology, respectively. Furthermore, the pore sizes of the regenerated celluloses, or in turn, the network sizes of cellulose chains in the hydrogels, were dependent on the concentrations of the initially prepared solutions with BMIMCl, which also affected the tensile mechanical properties. It was suggested that the dissolution states of the cellulose chains in the solutions were different, in accordance with the concentrations, which representatively dominated the pore and network sizes of the above materials. When the porous celluloses were immersed in water, reswelling was observed to regenerate the hydrogels.

The Effect of Thermal Aging on Mechanical Properties and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates Based on Natural Rubber and Polystyrene

2020 ◽  
Vol 990 ◽  
pp. 262-266
Author(s):  
Prathumrat Nu-Yang ◽  
Atiwat Wiriya-Amornchai ◽  
Jaehoon Yoon ◽  
Chainat Saechau ◽  
Poom Rattanamusik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Thermal Aging ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Thermoplastic Vulcanizates ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Processing Properties

Thermoplastic vulcanizates or TPVs is a type of materials exhibiting excellent properties between thermoplastic and elastomer by combining the characteristics of vulcanized rubber with the processing properties of thermoplastics. This research aims to study the effect of thermal aging on the morphology and mechanical properties of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on a mixture of natural rubber (NR) and polystyrene (PS). TPVs samples were prepared using the internal mixer at a mass ratio of NR/PS 70/30, 50/50, 30/70 and 0/100. Tensile properties and impact strength showed that when the amount of NR increased tends of impact strength and elongation at break increased but tends of tensile strength decreased. On the other hand, tends of tensile strength for thermal aging at 70°C for 3 days increased when the amount of PS increase. The blending ratio of NR / PS at 70/30 is the best. It gave a worthy increase from 19.94 MPa to be 25.56 MPa (28.18%).

Influence of nonuniform network on mechanical properties of nano-silica reinforced silicone rubber

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanjuan Chen ◽  
Xingrong Zeng ◽  
Hongqiang Li ◽  
Xuejun Lai ◽  
Weizhen Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Silicone Rubbers ◽  
Base Network

Nonuniform networks were introduced into the nano-silica reinforced silicone rubbers, by co-cross-linking of silicone gum containing 0.05 mol% vinyl ( GL) and gum containing 3 mol% vinyl ( GH), so as to improve the mechanical properties. Their network characteristics were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance measurement, swelling experiment, dynamic mechanical analysis, and rubber process analysis. Nonuniform networks displayed high tear strengths up to 41 kN m−1 and improved tensile strengths and elongations at break. Nonuniform networks with 7–10 phr of GH had optimal mechanical properties, since densely cross-linked domains scattered in base network and imparted maximum heterogeneity. In this structure, dense domains favored high modulus, while dominated long chains contributed to large extensibility. Hence, such structure could display large elongation before fracture while showing twice modulus upturns and stick-slip tearing characteristics, which were demonstrated by Mooney–Rivlin curves, tearing curves, and scanning electron microscopic images.

scholarly journals Effect of MWCNT on Thermal, Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of Polybutylene Terephthalate/Polycarbonate Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Rejisha ◽  
S. Soundararajan ◽  
N. Sivapatham ◽  
K. Palanivelu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽  
The Impact

This paper evaluated the effect of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) on the properties of PBT/PC blends. The nanocomposites were obtained by melt blending MWCNT in the weight percentages 0.15, 0.3, and 0.45 wt% with PBT/PC blends in a high performance corotating twin screw extruder. Samples were characterized by tensile testing, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Concentrations of PBT and PC are optimized as 80 : 20 based on mechanical properties. A small amount of MWCNT shows better increase in the thermal and mechanical properties of the blends of PBT/PC nanocomposite when compared to nanoclays or inorganic fillers. The ultimate tensile strength of the nanocomposites increased from 54 MPa to 85 MPa with addition of MWCNT up to 0.3% and then decreased.The tensile modulus values were increased to about 60% and the flexural modulus was more than about 80%. The impact strength was also improved with 20% PC to about 60% and with 0.15% MWCNT to about 50%. The HDT also improved from 127°C to 205°C. It can be seen from XRD result that the crystallinity of PBT is less affected by incorporating MWCNT. The crystallizing temperature was increased and the MWCNT may act as a strong nucleating agent.

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