scholarly journals Embryotoxic and Teratogenic Effects of Norfloxacin in Pregnant Female Albino Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Aboubakr ◽  
Mohamed Elbadawy ◽  
Ahmed Soliman ◽  
Mohamed El-Hewaity
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Skeletal Defects ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group D ◽  
Fetal Defects

This study was designed to investigate the possible developmental teratogenicity of norfloxacin in rats. Forty pregnant female rats were divided into four equal groups. Group A received norfloxacin in a dose of 500 mg/kg·b·wt/day orally from 6th to 15th day of gestation. Groups B and C received 1000 and 2000 mg/kg·b·wt/day orally for the same period, respectively; Group D behaved as control and received 0.5 mL distilled water orally for the same period. The dams were killed on 20th day of gestation and their fetuses were subjected to morphological, visceral, and skeletal examinations. Norfloxacin significantly decreased the number of viable fetuses, increased the number of resorbed fetuses, and induced retardation in growth of viable fetuses; some visceral and skeletal defects in these fetuses were seen and these effects were dose dependant. Conclusively, norfloxacin caused some fetal defects and abnormalities, so it is advisable to avoid using this drug during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Maternal and Fetal Toxicity of Carisoprodol Drug (Somadril Compound) on Pulmonary Tissues of Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Nahed Mohamed Mansour Emam
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Pregnant Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Fetal Toxicity ◽  
Oral Doses

Carisoprodol is a common muscle relaxant indicated as adjunctive therapy in acute, painful musculoskeletal cases. This current study aimed to investigate the histopathological, histochemical and immunohistochemical effects in the lung tissue of the pregnant rats and their fetuses after carisoprodol treatment. The present study was applied on twenty seven pregnant female rats and they were randomly divided into three groups (nine pregnant female rats in each group). Rats of the first (control) group were administered oral doses of distilled water. Rats of the second (S1) and third groups (S2) were administered oral doses of carisoprodol in the distilled water equivalent to 10.8 mg and 21.6 mg/100g body weight/day respectively for fifteen days from the six to the twenty day of gestation. Several histopathological, histochemical and some immunohistochemical changes were studied to detect the pathological changes. Maternal and fetal pulmonary tissues of both treated groups showed numerous degenerative changes post-treatment with carisoprodol, the severity of these changes was more obvious in the fetal lung tissue of both groups. Also, carisoprodol treated rats showed a marked increase in caspase-3 content in the maternal and fetal pulmonary tissues. Treatment of pregnant rats with carisoprodol drug led to numerous dystrophic changes in both maternal and fetal lung tissues.

scholarly journals Effect of a hydroethanol 70% extract from trunk bark of Terminalia superba Engl. and diels (combretaceae) on some serum biochemical parameters in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Goze N. Bernard ◽  
N’Dri N. Mathieu ◽  
Yapo A. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Serum Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Group A ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Terminalia Superba

Background: In the framework of the valorization of traditional medicine, the biotolerance study of a hydroethanol 70% extract from trunk bark of Terminalia superba (HE 70%) Engl. and Diels (Combretaceae), a medicinal plant used for the treatment of gastric ulcer in Côte d'Ivoire was carried out by oral administration repeated for 28 days to three rat groups at doses 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg per body weight (b.w.).Methods: Fifty rats were randomly divided in four groups of ten animals including three test groups and one control group. Each group included five male and five female rats. An additional satellite group of ten rats in group treated at high dose (750mg/kg b.w.) was included in order to observe reversibility, persistence or late appearance of toxic effects at least 14 days after stopping the treatment. Three doses were prepared (250; 500 and 750mg/kg b.w.) corresponding to extract concentrations (12.5; 25 and 37.5mg/ml) were given to groups B, C and D respectively. Group A, served as control group, received distilled water at 2ml/kg b.w. Groups B, C and D, received orally HE 70% extract at 250, 500 and 750mg/kg respectively. Serum AST, ALT, total and direct bilirubin, total, HDL, LDL-cholesterols, triglycerides, urea and creatinine were estimated using standard methods.Results: The blood withdrawal analysis done previously (day 0) and at the end of every week on dry tubes revealed that at all weeks and for all doses, this extract do not affect serum values of total and direct bilirubin, creatinine, total, HDL, LDL-cholesterols and triglycerides. Oppositely, this extract reduced significantly (P<0.05) ALT serum rate at the 14th and 28th day at 750mg/kg b.w. respectively. In addition, at the 28th day, AST rate decreased significantly (P<0.05) at 750mg/kg b.w. Glycemia showed a significant (P <0.05) reduction at the 28th day at doses 500 and 750 mg/kg b.w. In contrast, urea increased significantly (P<0.05) at the 28th day at 500mg/kg b.w.Conclusions: This study showed that the use of a hydroethanol 70% extract from trunk bark of T. superba would be hepatoprotective, nontoxic for kidneys, liver and hypoglycemic at the studied doses.

Semen characteristics and sperm morphology of Pistia stratiotes Linn. (Araceae) protected male albino rats (Wistar strain) exposed to sodium arsenite

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunke Ola-Davies ◽  
O. Samuel Ajani
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Potential ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Abstract: Sodium arsenite has been proven to be abundant in nature and released into the environment through human activities, including agricultural and industrial processes. The objective of our study was to investigate the sperm protective potential of: The sperm protective potential of: Group B had a significantly lower (p<0.05) percentage sperm motility (26.7±6.67 %) while group A had a significantly (p<0.05) higher mean value (63.3±3.33 %) when compared across the groups. The sperm motility of rats in group D was significantly higher (p<0.05) than groups B and C. This implies that: The study concluded that ethanol leaf extract of

scholarly journals Protective potentials of ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves against acetaminophen-induced liver damage in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-567
Author(s):  
Hussein O. B. OLOYEDE ◽  
Halimat Y. LUKMAN ◽  
Musa O. SALAWU
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Group A ◽  
Extract Fraction ◽  
Group B ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

The liver is an important organ performing vital roles that become affected when damaged. The protective potential of ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves on acetaminophen-induced liver damage in female albino rats was investigated. Forty female rats were completely randomized into eight groups (A-H) of five rats each. Group A (control), received 1 ml of distilled water, group B (untreated) received 250 mgkg-1  bw of acetaminophen, group C received  silymarin (50 mgkg-1 bw) followed by actaminophen (250 mgkg-1 bw),  groups D-G received 100, 200, 400 and 600 mgkg-1  bw of ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves respectively; followed by acetaminophen administration (250 mgkg-1 bw), while group H (toxicity control) received 600 mgkg-1 bw extract fraction daily. Ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves significantly (p<0.05) decreased the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase and bilirubin concentration and increased the concentrations of total protein and albumin in acetaminophen-induced liver damaged rats when compared with the untreated group. Prevention of liver damage was observed in the groups pre-administered 400 and 600 mgkg-1 bw of the extract fraction as well as the silymarin group. Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and the concentration of glutathione were significantly (p<0.05) increased while the concentration of malondialdehyde was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in rats pre-administered with silymarin or the extract fraction when compared with the acetaminophen-induced rats. Ethyl acetate-ethanolic fraction of Carica papaya leaves prevented acetaminophen-induced rat liver damage probably mainly due to the antioxidant constituents of the fraction.

scholarly journals Tetrapleura tetraptera Extract Inhibited Luteinizing Hormone and Estrogen Secretion in Clomiphene Citrate Treated Female Wistar Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
E. O. Agbai ◽  
C. O. Nwanegwo ◽  
C. J. Njoku ◽  
P. C. Onyebuagu ◽  
J. Ekezie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Tetrapleura Tetraptera ◽  
Group A ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Group D

Tetrapleura tetraptera stem bark has been reported to cause inhibition of luteinizing hormone release in cultured rat pituitary cells. Hence, we investigated the effects of Tetraptera tetrapleura pod extract on follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, cortisol, progesterone and estrogen. Thirty non-pregnant female wistar albino rats were divided into group A - D. Group A rats were used as Control. Group B rats were administered 1 mg/kg/day of clomiphene citrate orally. Group C rats were administered 200 mg/kg of extract only, whereas group D rats were administered 1 mg/kg /day of Clomiphene citrate plus 200 mg/kg of extract. At the end of 14 days experiment, group A, B and D were found in proestrus phase and group C in diestrus phase. FSH and cortisol levels remained unchanged. Group C and D rats produced significant reduction (P < 0.05) in LH and estrogen levels in prolonged proestrus and normal diestrus respectively. Progesterone level was significantly high (P < 0.05) in the group C rats. The reduced LH level could be due to the anti-estrogenic effect of extract during proestrus when LH secretion is expected to surge. But co-administration resulted in high progesterone secretion, suggesting extract may have influenced progesterone secretion in group D rats simultaneously administered with clomiphene citrate and extract. The above findings indicated that Tetrapleura tetraptera pod extracts inhibited luteinizing hormone and estrogen even when co-administered with clomiphene citrate.

scholarly journals Lipid Lowering effect of Natural Honey in Comparison to Atorvastatin on Hyperlipidemic Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Kawsar Jahan Moon ◽  
Kazi Afzalur Rahman ◽  
Hasanur Rahman ◽  
Ruman Afroz ◽  
Mohammed Ruhul Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Diet ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D ◽  
Natural Honey

Aims: The present study was performed to investigate the hypolipidaemic effect of natural honey in hyperlipidaemic rats. We also compared the hypolipidaemic effects of natural honey with a standard known hypolipidacmic agent, atorvastatin.Methods: At first the rats (n=42), were randomly divided into six groups. Each group composed of seven rats. Group A control group received normal diet, distilled water for 10 days. Group B hyperlipidemic group received normal diet olive oil (1.5inl) with cholesterol daily for 10 days. Group C received normal diet, distilled water. D, E & F. On the 11th day of experiment the final body weight was measured & blood was collected by cardiac puncture for the study of lipid profile.Result: Only cholesterol fed Group B and C rats gained body weights. Natural honey and atorvastatin treated group of rats. Group D, E, F lost body weights. These changes between the initial and final body weight were statistically significant (p<0.05). Regarding the lipid levels, it was observed that (a) there as statistically significant rise of serum TCI., LDL & TG levels in group B compared to that of group A (p <0.001 in each parameter), b the serum TCL is significantly decreased in group B (p<0.05), and group F (p<0.01) in the comparison to groups; the value also decreased in group D but the decrease was slightly significant (C) the serum LDL level significantly reduced in group D, E & F compared to group C; but the maximum effect comparison to group C; the value also decreased in group D but the decreased was slightly significant. (C) the serum LDL level significantly reduced in group D, E & F compared to group C, but maximum effect was observed in group E & F (p <0.001). (d) No significant change of serum HDL was observed in Group D but slightly significantly increased in group E and group F (p <0.05) compared to group C. (e) The serum TG level reduced significantly (p <0.001) in group D. E and F compared to group C. Thus study showed natural honey reduced TCL, LDL & TG and slightly increase HDL and atorvastatin reduce TCL, LDL & TG. But atorvastatin have some side effect on the other hand natural honey have no side effect.Conclusion: The result and observation of the present study provide a rationale for use of natural honey in the development of a new herbal medicine much needed for the reduction of serum lipid levels (TCL, TO, LDL). Atorvastatin also lower TCL, LDL & TO. Thus it could he useful in hyperlipidaemic conditions. But before establishing natural honey as a therapeutically effective hypolipideamic agent, further studies should be carried out to determine the active principles responsible for hypolipidaemic effect and its cellular mechanism of action.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.2, October, 2017, Page 94-102

Effect of Dietary Probiotics(Saccharomyces cerevisae)Supplementation on Serum Biochemicals ofTrypanosoma brucei bruceiInfected Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
James I. Eze ◽  
Ubochioma E. Didacus
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Induce Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Parasitaemia Level ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Background:Trypanosomosis is an important disease of both humans and animals commonly found in most parts of Africa and South America. Because of their activities, the parasites produce numerous changes in the cellular and biochemical constituents of blood. Also, trypanosomosis cause immunosuppression and also induce lipid peroxidation in the host. Probiotics confer beneficial health benefit to the host such as immune stimulation, protection against pathogens, metabolism, reduced oxidative stress, etc.Methods:Thirty (30) adult albino rats were assigned into 5 groups (A – E) of 6 rats each. Groups A, B and C rats were fed feed supplemented with probiotics at 0.08, 0.12 and 0.16 mg per kg respectively. On day 14 on the supplementation (OTS), groups A, B, C and D rats were infected with 1 x 106 trypanosomes intraperitonealy. Group E served as the not infected, not supplemented control.Results:The pre-infection supplementation did not vary the serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartrate transaminase (AST), urea, creatinine and total protein values of groups A, B and C. However, following infection, the ALT value of group D (infected, not supplemented) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than other groups on day 42 OTS. Also, the AST value of groups A and D were significantly (p<0.05) higher than group E but not with groups B and C on days 42 and 56 on the supplementation. On day 28 OTS, the urea level of group B was significantly (p<0.05) lower than group D whereas on days 42 and 56, group E and groups E and C were significantly (p<0.05) lower than other groups respectively. The serum creatinine level showed increase following infection with groups A and D being significantly (p<0.05) higher than other groups on days 42 and 56 OTS. On day 28 OTS, the total protein value of group A was significantly (p<0.05) lower than group C but not with other groups. By days 42 and 56 OTS, group D showed significantly (p<0.05) lower protein level when compared with other groups. The mean parasitaemia level of group D was significantly higher than other infected infected groups on days 28 and 42 on the supplementation. However, on day 56, the parasitaemia level of all infected groups did not vary (p>0.05).Conclusion:The ability of the supplementation to keep serum biochemical values before infection within range, and the subsequent maintenance of the value during most part of the infection were indication that probiotic was not toxic and may play a vital role in management of trypanosomosis.

scholarly journals Effect of Melatonin and Calmodulin in an Idiopathic Scoliosis Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Zhe Wu ◽  
Wen-Hua Wu ◽  
Li-Jiang He ◽  
Qing-Feng Ke ◽  
Long Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Sacrifice ◽  
Group D

Background. To explore influence of continuous illumination, luzindole, and Tamoxifen on incidence of scoliosis model of rats.Methods. Thirty-two one-month-old female rats were rendered into bipedal rats. The bipedal rats were divided into 4 groups: group A by intraperitoneal injection of luzindole and continuous illumination; group B by intraperitoneal injection of luzindole only; group C by intraperitoneal injection of luzindole and oral administration of Tamoxifen; and group D by intraperitoneal injection of equivalent saline. Radiographs were taken at 8th week and 16th week, and incidence and the Cobb angles of scoliosis were calculated. At 16th week, all rats were sacrificed. Before the sacrifice, the levels of calmodulin were measured in each group.Results. At 8th week, scoliosis occurred in groups A and B, with an incidence of 75% and 12.5%, respectively, while rats in group C or D had no scoliosis. At 16th week, scoliosis incidences in groups A and B were 57% and 62.5%, respectively. No scoliosis occurred in group C or D. Calmodulin in platelets in group B was significantly different, compared with groups A and D. There was no significant difference in calmodulin in platelets in groups B and C.Conclusion. By intraperitoneal injection of luzindole in bipedal rats, scoliosis rat models could be successfully made. Under light, incidence of scoliosis may be increased at an early period but it is reversible. Tamoxifen can suppress natural process of scoliosis.

scholarly journals Aqueous Allium sativum (garlic) extract ameliorated CdCl2- induced alterations in blood formation and spermatogenesis in albino rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-314
Author(s):  
Edmund Chidiebere Mbegbu ◽  
Rita Ifeoma Odo ◽  
Paul Tobechukwu Ozioko ◽  
Mark Ebubechukwu Awachie ◽  
Lotanna Gilbert Nwobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Blood Formation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Purpose: To investigate the ameliorative effect of aqueous garlic extract (AGEx) on cadmium chloride (CdCl2-induced) alterations in the blood and testicles of rats. Methods: A total of 24 male rats (160 - 200 g), randomly assigned into 4 groups (A - D; n = 6), were used to investigate the claimed protective effect of AGEx on blood and spermatogenic tissues following CdCl2-intoxication in albino rats. The rats in Group A served as controls and were given 5 mg/mL of deionized water. Group B rats were given 300 mg/kg of AGEx. Group C rats were given 2 mg/kg of CdCl2. Rats in Group D first received 2 mg/kg of CdCl2, and 300 mg/kg of AGEx 2 h later. All treatments were done every 48 h for a period of six weeks. Results: CdCl2 administration to group C rats reduced (p < 0.05) haematocrit value (PCV), concentration of haemoglobin (Hb), red cells count (RBC), total leucocytes count (tWBC), eosinophil, neutrophil, testicular weights and sperm reserves; but elevated (p < 0.05) lymphocytes count compared with the controls. AGEx 300 mg/kg in group D rats significantly reversed (p < 0.05) the altered parameters compared with the controls. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that administration of aqueous Allium sativum (garlic) extract to male rats enhances spermatogenesis, and ameliorates testicular and haematological alterations induced by cadmium poisoning. Therefore, the spermatogenic principle in AGEx is a potential candidate for the clinical management of male infertility.

scholarly journals PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SEA BUCKTHORN SEED OIL EXTRACT ON ACETAMINOPHEN INDUCED HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES OF HEPATOCYTES IN ADULT ALBINO RATS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 09-14
Author(s):  
Annum Basit ◽  
Attya Shahid ◽  
Shagufta Nasreen
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective: to reveal the effects of sea buckthorn seed oil on acetaminophen induced variations (Diameter of hepatocytes and vacuolization) in liver of rats. Methods: it was experimental study, conducted at Post Graduate Medical Institute. This study was performed on 24 adult rats, which were then randomly separated into 4 groups A,B,C and D. the experiment lasted for 13 days. Group A was control received normal saline and distilled water. Group B, received acetaminophen750mg/kg as single dose on day 10. Group C and D received acetaminophen at dose of 750mg/kg along with sea buckthorn seed oil extract 2.6mg/kg and 5.2mg/kg. Liver was removed and fixed in 10% formalin. To observe the effect of acetaminophen and sea buckthorn seed oil , slides were prepared for histological examination. The diameter of hepatocytes and vacuolization was observed. The evaluation of results was done by using SPSS 21. Results: In Group B, vacuolization was seen in all animals and significant increase in mean diameter (11.9± 1.5 μm) of hepatocytes was seen. However in Group C, vacuolization was absent in all animals and mean hepatocyte diameter was (6 ± 0.6 μm). In Group D, no vacuolization was seen in all animals and mean hepatocyte diameter decreased to (5.2± 1.5 μm) after administration of SBT seed oil. Conclusion: Administration of SBT( 2.6mg/kg and 5.2mg/kg) exerts a protective effect against damaging effects of ACM ( 750 mg/kg) on hepatocytes in albino rats. This hepatoprotective role becomes greater with increasing dose of SBT.

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