scholarly journals Real Costs Assessment of Solar-Hydrogen and Some Fossil Fuels by means of a Combustion Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Nicoletti ◽  
Roberto Bruno ◽  
Natale Arcuri ◽  
Gerardo Nicoletti
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Environmental Index ◽  
Solar Hydrogen ◽  
Global Cost ◽  
Entropic Index

In order to compare solar-hydrogen and the most used fossil fuels, the evaluation of the “external” costs related to their use is required. These costs involve the environmental damage produced by the combustion reactions, the health problems caused by air pollution, the damage to land from fuel mining, and the environmental degradation linked to the global warming, the acid rains, and the water pollution. For each fuel, the global cost is determined as sum of the market price and of the correspondent external costs. In order to obtain a quantitative comparison, the quality of the different combustion reactions and the efficiency of the technologies employed in the specific application sector have to be considered adequately. At this purpose, an entropic index that considers the degree of irreversibility produced during the combustion process and the degradation of surroundings is introduced. Additionally, an environmental index that measures the pollutants released during the combustions is proposed. The combination of these indexes and the efficiency of the several technologies employed in four energy sectors have allowed the evaluation of the total costs, highlighting an economic scenario from which the real advantages concerning the exploitation of different energy carrier are determined.

scholarly journals The concept of measurement of calorific value of gaseous fuels

2020 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 01025
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Markowski ◽  
Pawel Imilkowski ◽  
Marcin Nowacki ◽  
Damian Olejniczak ◽  
Jacek Madry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Thermal Energy Conversion ◽  
Special Measurement ◽  
Waste Gasification ◽  
The Stability

The issue of measuring and determining the calorific value of fuels is related to thermodynamic analysis of the effects of the combustion process aimed at determining the amount of heat transferred to the environment. Currently, there are several methods for determining the calorific value of fuels and their methodology is related to the type of fuel being analyzed. These methods are quite complicated and require the use of specialized measuring equipment. The energy demand of modern civilization along with the need to protect the natural environment prompts the search for new ways to generate energy directed at sources other than conventional fossil fuels. Technologies related to the use of biogas, synthesis gas obtained in biomass or waste gasification processes are being introduced. The use of these fuels in industrial processes of generating heat and electricity requires caloric stability of the fuel. The caloric stability of the fuel is necessary to ensure the stability of thermal energy conversion processes that translate directly into the set values of generated electricity using electric machines. One way to assess the energy quality of a fuel is to measure its calorific value. There are several methods for determining the calorific value of a fuel, but they all require special measurement conditions. The article presents the author’s concept of a calorimeter dedicated to the analysis of the calorific value of gaseous fuels.

An Efficient Hybrid Forecasting Approach for Wind Speed Time Series

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Bhargavi Munnaluri ◽  
K. Ganesh Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Hybrid Forecasting ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Future Utilization

Wind forecasting is one of the best efficient ways to deal with the challenges of wind power generation. Due to the depletion of fossil fuels renewable energy sources plays a major role for the generation of power. For future management and for future utilization of power, we need to predict the wind speed.  In this paper, an efficient hybrid forecasting approach with the combination of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) are proposed to improve the quality of prediction of wind speed. Due to the different parameters of wind, it is difficult to find the accurate prediction value of the wind speed. The proposed hybrid model of forecasting is examined by taking the hourly wind speed of past years data by reducing the prediction error with the help of Mean Square Error by 0.019. The result obtained from the Artificial Neural Networks improves the forecasting quality.

The Links between the Companies Market Price Quality and that of its Management and Business Quality: A System Panel Data Approach

GIS Business ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Dinis Daniel Santos ◽  
Elias Soukiazis
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
System Equation ◽  
Simultaneous Equation System ◽  
Management Quality ◽  
The Relationship

This work uses a simultaneous equation system approach to analyze the relationship between the management and business quality of companies and their market price quality. Using panel data we found that both the management and the business quality of companies positively influence the market price quality of the studied American companies. Additionally, variables like the actual position of the company price quality compared to the industry average, being on the top or the bottom, or the beta value of a company, also influence the market price quality of the respective company. It is shown that the system equation approach is the most appropriate to explain the linkages between price, business, and management quality providing consistent estimates. Also, using ratings to express the three core variables in the system is the most adequate way to define the quality characteristics in terms of price, management, and business performance of the companies considered in this study.

Extraction and Determination of Physico-chemical Properties of Oil from Watermelon Seeds (Citrullus lanatus L) to Use in Internal Combustion Engines

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2676-2681
Author(s):  
Mihaela Gabriela Dumitru ◽  
Dragos Tutunea
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Geometrical Mean ◽  
Reduction Of Nox

The purpose of this work was to investigate the physicochemical properties of watermelon seeds and oil and to find out if this oil is suitable and compatible with diesel engines. The results showed that the watermelon seeds had the maximum length (9.08 mm), width (5.71mm), thickness (2.0 mm), arithmetic mean diameter (5.59 mm), geometrical mean diameter (4.69 mm), sphericity (51.6%), surface area (69.07), volume 0.17 cm3 and moisture content 5.4%. The oil was liquid at room temperature, with a density and refractive index of 0.945 and 1.4731 respectively acidity value (1.9 mgNaOH/g), free fatty acid (0.95 mgNaOH), iodine value (120 mgI2/100g), saponification value (180 mgKOH/g), antiradical activity (46%), peroxide value (7.5 mEqO2/Kg), induction period (6.2 h), fatty acid: palmitic acid (13.1%), stearic acid (9.5 %), oleic acid (15.2 %) and linoleic acid (61.3%). Straight non food vegetable oils can offer a solution to fossil fuels by a cleaner burning with minimal adaptation of the engine. A single cylinder air cooled diesel engine Ruggerini RY 50 was used to measure emissions of various blends of watermelon oil (WO) and diesel fuel (WO10D90, WO20D80, WO30D70 and WO75D25). The physic-chemical properties of the oil influence the combustion process and emissions leading to the reduction of NOX and the increase in CO, CO2 and HC.

Species Composition of the Lichen Biota in Industrially Polluted Territories of Leninsky District of Irkutsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-545
Author(s):  
Evgeny Kharin ◽  
Olga Belykh
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Passive Monitoring ◽  
Industrial Pollutants ◽  
Lichen Biota ◽  
Complex Influence ◽  
Lichen Indication

In the context of the development of infrastructure in Siberian cities, the issues of the state of the areas with accumulated environmental damage is especially relevant. It is mentioned in the article that lichen indication is an efficient method of passive monitoring of environment for industrial pollutants caused by morphological changes occurring in sensitive objects. The results of the lichen floristic research of Leninsky district of Irkutsk are presented, a list of revealed lichens including 9 genera and 12 species is given, a taxonomic list of this area is discussed. Lichenological objects were mapped. Distribution of lichens in the area of research is investigated with regard to the presence of recreational and residential zones. The authors draw a conclusion about the presence of «lichens deserts» which are caused both by the absence of the respective substratum and high concentration of pollutants. High concentration of pollutants is caused by complex influence of different enterprises on the quality of air.

Self Compacting Concrete Structures: A Techno-Economic Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 624-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolae Cazacu ◽  
Aurelia Bradu ◽  
Nicolae Florea
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Placement Method ◽  
Global Cost

The concept of self-compacting concrete (SCC) was performed in late 1980 by Japanese researchers as a solution for the lack of skilled workers and decreasing quality in building industry. The high fluidity of SCC allows flowing under its own weight, filling completely the formwork without any vibration or material segregation, providing a higher quality of the concrete surface. Since its discovery, a large number of researcher studied its rheological properties, adjusted mix design methods and analysed mechanical characteristics. The placement method for conventionally concrete is no more valid for SCC, as mixture behaviour changed substantially. This aspect was less examined and the published material is inconsistent, even though it plays an essential role in the assessment of the global cost of a building. The aim of this study is to investigate materials cost, the labour requirements, formwork demands, methods of placement and construction time for building a structure using SCC and vibrated concrete and compare the results.

scholarly journals Information Content of Earnings Managements: Implications on Growth and Value Companies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Windu Mulyasari ◽  
Slamet Sugiri ◽  
Heyvon Herdhayinta
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Future Earnings ◽  
Cycle Growth ◽  
Incremental Information ◽  
Growth Firms ◽  
Management Behaviors

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the pattern of earnings management on growth and value companies in Indonesia. This study predicts that earnings management has information contents. Therefore, earnings management tends to degrade the quality of earnings, then affect the future profitability. This study analyzes the effect of earnings management information content to the company's future profitability. This study provides an understanding about accounting information at certain market price levels for growth and value companies. Findings: Findings of this study indicate the differences between earnings management influence on growth and value companies. The results also support the differences of relative incremental information content of earnings management on growth and value companies. The growth firms tend to do earnings management and have higher profitability compared to the value firms. The implication is that the incremental information content of earnings management on growth firms is lower than those of the value firms to predict future profitability.   Implication: The contribution of this research is to provide an in-depth review on earnings management study associated with company life cycle (growth and value), as well as  to give additional understanding about the existence of incremental information content of earnings management. Thus, firms show different earnings management behaviors and ultimately those behaviors affect the quality of profit to predict future earnings

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODAL USAHA DAN LAMA MELAUT, TERHADAP HARGA JUAL IKAN PADA PASAR TRADISIONAL SANGGENG MANOKWARI

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Sarce Babra Awom
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Collection Methods

The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of venture capital (X1)  and the long time at sea /time work hours (X2) for the offer price of fish (Y) in the tradisional sanggeng market manokwari, with 73 respondents chosen randomly and consisted of sellers and buyers in the sanggeng market. Data  collection  methods are done through interviews,  (primary data)  with a questionnaire and then  carried out  a questionnaire  test  and test the quality of the data, and then analyzed uiple linear regression. The result of research simultan eously or statistically partial variables X1 (venture capital) and variable X2 (long sea)  significantly influence the higt selling price of fish (variable y) in the manokwari sanggeng market  because the value of p. Value (0,000)<(0.05) sig (5%.) so it can be concluded that when fish traders increase capital by 1% the price of fish in the market rises by 13,5% and also when a long time to go to sea increases 1 day than the price of fish increases by  33.900,00. The government needs to control high (expensive) fish prices in the market by activating an inflation control team that continues to monitor the market price (specifically) of the fisheries sector.

scholarly journals Impact of Simulated Biogas Compositions (CH4 and CO2) on Vibration, Sound Pressure and Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7037
Author(s):  
Donatas Kriaučiūnas ◽  
Tadas Žvirblis ◽  
Kristina Kilikevičienė ◽  
Artūras Kilikevičius ◽  
Jonas Matijošius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Positive Correlation

Biogas has increasingly been used as an alternative to fossil fuels in the world due to a number of factors, including the availability of raw materials, extensive resources, relatively cheap production and sufficient energy efficiency in internal combustion engines. Tightening environmental and renewable energy requirements create excellent prospects for biogas (BG) as a fuel. A study was conducted on a 1.6-L spark ignition (SI) engine (HR16DE), testing simulated biogas with different methane and carbon dioxide contents (100CH4, 80CH4_20CO2, 60CH4_40CO2, and 50CH4_50CO2) as fuel. The rate of heat release (ROHR) was calculated for each fuel. Vibration acceleration time, sound pressure and spectrum characteristics were also analyzed. The results of the study revealed which vibration of the engine correlates with combustion intensity, which is directly related to the main measure of engine energy efficiency—break thermal efficiency (BTE). Increasing vibrations have a negative correlation with carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, but a positive correlation with nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Sound pressure also relates to the combustion process, but, in contrast to vibration, had a negative correlation with BTE and NOx, and a positive correlation with emissions of incomplete combustion products (CO, HC).

scholarly journals PENDAMPINGAN & PELATIHAN BERWIRAUSAHA IBU-IBU PETANI JAGUNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Usman Usman ◽  
Veneranda Rini Hapsari
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Method ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Entrepreneurship Training ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Industrial Material ◽  
Corn Prices

Abstract The problem faced by corn farmers is that the quality of corn prices is not in accordance with the market price because they do not drain well so that prices in the market have fallen considerably. The role of corn is very important and beneficial for human and animal life. And it is the second staple food after rice. While in the world corn ranks third after wheat and rice. The advantage of corn itself is that the harvest time is faster and very resistant to pests and diseases and higher production. (Ermanita, 2004). Indonesia is a tropical climate and fertile soil and as a country known as an agrarian nation, Indonesia is a country known for its rich biodiversity which is a mainstay in the fields of food, industry and energy. As an industrial material corn can be processed into processed oils, corn flour, sugar and others. The method used in this service is a method of training and teaching that is discussion, teaching method, participants of the training are housewives in the Farmer Business group. They are given material about how to make cakes so that they can be of selling value., Using the method (Discussion Method) Trainees are given the opportunity to discuss issues related to corn, using the interview method. The trainees were given the opportunity to be interviewed how much influence the training on baking for them in developing themselves.Keywords: ASSISTANCE, ENTREPRENEURSHIP,TRAINING FOR CORN  FARMERS

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