scholarly journals Serum Cytokine Responses over the Entire Clinical-Immunological Spectrum of HumanLeishmania (L.) infantum chagasiInfection

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Karla Ramos ◽  
Karina Inácio Carvalho ◽  
Daniela Santoro Rosa ◽  
Ana Paula Rodrigues ◽  
Luciana Vieira Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Cytokine ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Serum Cytokines ◽  
Resistant Infection ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Amazonian Brazil

The clinical-immunological spectrum of humanLeishmania (L.) infantum chagasiinfection in Amazonian Brazil was recently reviewed based on clinical, DTH, and IFAT (IgG) evaluations that identified five profiles: three asymptomatic (asymptomatic infection, AI; subclinical resistant infection, SRI; and indeterminate initial infection, III) and two symptomatic (symptomatic infection, SI; American visceral leishmaniasis, AVL; and subclinical oligosymptomatic infection, SOI). TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 serum cytokines were analyzed using multiplexed Cytometric Bead Array in 161 samples from endemic areas in the Brazilian Amazon: SI [AVL] (21 cases), III (49), SRI (19), SOI (12), AI (36), and a control group [CG] (24). The highest IL-6 serum levels were observed in the SI profile (AVL); higher IL-10 serum levels were observed in SI than in SOI or CG and in AI and III than in SOI; higher TNF-αserum levels were seen in SI than in CG. Positive correlations were found between IL-6 and IL-10 serum levels in the SI and III profiles and between IL-6 and TNF-αand between IL-4 and TNF-αin the III profile. These results provide strong evidence for associating IL-6 and IL-10 with the immunopathogenesis of AVL and help clarify the role of these cytokines in the infection spectrum.

Effect of peanut oil and nandrolone on serum cytokines in pubertal term rats

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdal Tasgin ◽  
Seyfullah Haliloglu
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nandrolone Decanoate ◽  
Serum Cytokine ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serum Cytokines ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Cytokine Synthesis

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nandrolone on cytokine levels in pubertal term female and male rats. Totally 60 pubertal term Spraque Dawley rat (30/30 female/male) were divided into 3 equal groups. Control group received no treatment. PO group received intraperitoneally peanut oil every 5 days with an intervening gap of 2 days where no treatment was given. ND group received intraperitoneally nandrolone decanoate (10 mg/kg) within peanut oil like PO group. At the end of the four weeks, blood samples were obtained. Serum cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. Peanut oil significantly (P less than 0.05) increased serum levels of interleukin-1â and interleukin-6 in pubertal term male rats, while nandrolone decanoate had no any effect on the cytokine levels compared to experimental groups. It may be stated that nandrolone decanoate has no excessive inducer effect on the cytokine synthesis in pubertal male and female term.

scholarly journals The possible role of Interleukin-6 as a regulator of insulin sensitivity in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhila Maghbooli ◽  
Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi ◽  
Nasim Rezaeimanesh ◽  
Abolfazl Omidifar ◽  
Tarlan Varzandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Reduce Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Circulating Levels

Abstract Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is associated with inflammatory mediators that may also trigger downstream signaling pathways leading to reduce insulin sensitivity. Methods We aimed to determine the risk association of hyperinsulinemia in NMOSD patients with seropositive AQP4-IgG and the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17A compared with the control group. Serum levels of metabolic (Insulin, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), lipid profile) and inflammatory (IL-6 and IL-17) markers were assessed in 56 NMOSD patients and 100 controls. Results Hyperinsulinemia was more prevalent in NMOSD patients independent of age, sex and body mass index (BMI) (48.2% vs. 26%, p = 0.005) compared to control group. After adjusting age, sex and BMI, there was significant association between lower insulin sensitivity (IS) and NMOSD risk (95% CI: Beta = 0.73, 0.62 to 0.86, p = 0.0001). Circulating levels of IL-6 and IL-17 were higher in NMOSD patients, and only IL-6 had an effect modifier for the association between lower insulin sensitivity and NMOSD risk. Conclusions Our data suggests that inflammatory pathogenesis of NMOSD leads to hyperinsulinemia and increases the risk of insulin resistance.

scholarly journals SAT0296 SERUM LEPTIN LEVELS IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS PATIENTS WITH ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1093.1-1093
Author(s):  
G. Pellegrino ◽  
K. Stefanantoni ◽  
F. Facioni ◽  
C. Angelelli ◽  
A. Gigante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathologic Finding ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Ecg Abnormalities

Background:Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities are described in 25-75% Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) cases and they are associated with other systemic manifestations as well as with a worse prognosis. There is an increasing need for clinical and laboratory biomarkers to ameliorate the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to patients with ECG abnormalities, due to their actual low sensitivity and specificity. Adipokines are circulating proteins that appear dysregulated in SSc and leptin in particular is synthesized in response to inflammatory conditions and seems to play a proinflammatory and pro-fibrotic action in SSc. Interesting, many studies in the last years have underlined its role in the cardiac remodeling mechanisms and in the development of cardiac fibrosis in other chronic diseases.Objectives:Aim of our study is to evaluate the role of leptin in the development of cardiac rhythm disorders (CRD) during SSc. Furthermore, by the analysis of the clinical and demographical parameters of our SSc patients, we tried to define other possible features associated with increased serum leptin concentration.Methods:We included eighty-five SSc patients, fulfilling the 2013 ACR/EULAR classification criteria, attending the Regional Rare Disease Center of Policlinico Umberto I of Rome. Fifty presented significant CRD at non-invasive diagnostic techniques (12 Lead ECG, 24-hour Holter ECG). Demographic, clinical, conventional cardiovascular risk factors were examined; instrumental and laboratory assessments were obtained, together with ECG recordings. Thirty-five SSc patients without pathologic finding at ECG traces, matched for demographic and clinical features, were recruited as the control group. In all cases, after obtaining written informed consent, blood samples were taken to measure serum levels of leptin using an ELISA assay (Life Technologies-Italia).Results:The fifty SSc patients with CRD (mean age 51±15 years; F:M 41:9) had pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in 32 cases (64%) and a BMI >25Kg/m2in 22 (44%) while in the control group of thirty-five SSc patients (mean age 49±16 years; F:M 33:2) PF was found in 15 (43%) and a BMI >25Kg/m2in 9 (35%); We detected significantly higher median values of serum leptin in SSc patients with CRD compared to the control group (12027 pg/ml IQR 12314 versus 6392 pg/ml IQR 7103;p 0,0009). Additionally, SSc patients with a BMI> 25 kg/m2(31 cases) as well as those with PF (47 cases) showed a significantly higher median serum leptin levels compared to those with BMI <25 kg/m2(13161 pg/ml IQR 13610 versus 8187 pg/ml IQR 8255;p 0,0008) and those without PF (11740 pg/ml IQR 11940 versus 7616 pg/ml IQR 7855;p 0,0079).Conclusion:To our knowledge this is the first report on high serum levels of leptin in SSc patients with CRD that also confirms its increase in those cases with a BMI >25 kg/m2and with PF, according to scientific literature data. The role of leptin in the pathogenesis of SSc remains unclear although it is already known its involvement in the development of cardiac fibrosis during other chronic diseases. On the basis of these results we speculate on leptin involvement in the pathogenesis of CRD during SSc, although further studies are needed with larger cohort of patients.References:[1]Vacca A et al. Rheumatology, 2014[2]Tyndall AJ et al. Ann Rheum Dis, 2010[3]Muresan L et al. Iran J Pub Health, 2017[4]Sanna T et al. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J, 2009[5]Riccieri V et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 2011[6]Żółkiewicz J et al. Arch Dermatol Res, 2019[7]Huby AC et al. Circulation, 2015[8]Shulze PC et al. Clin Chim Acta, 2005[9]Van de Hoogen F et al. Arthritis Rheum, 2013[10]Gui X et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018Disclosure of Interests:Greta Pellegrino: None declared, Katia Stefanantoni Consultant of: ItalfarmacoBoehringer Ingelheim, Fausta Facioni: None declared, Carlotta Angelelli: None declared, Antonietta Gigante: None declared, Roberto Badagliacca: None declared, Carmine Dario Vizza: None declared, Sergio Morelli: None declared, Edoardo Rosato: None declared, Valeria Riccieri: None declared

scholarly journals Role of vitamin D serum levels in prevention of primary and recurrent melanoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lombardo ◽  
A. Vigezzi ◽  
G. Ietto ◽  
C. Franchi ◽  
V. Iori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mitotic Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Histological Subtype ◽  
Melanoma Diagnosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tumour Location

AbstractPatients afflicted with melanoma show lower vitamin D serum levels (VDSL) than the healthy population. This hypothesis agrees with its well-known antiproliferative features. An observational study was carried out to collect VDSL in patients suffering from melanoma. Our aim was to identify a potential connection between low VDSL and the risk to incur melanoma. Furthermore, we studied the association between VDSL at the diagnosis of melanoma and other germane prognostic factors. The population held in regard was composed of 154 patients with a diagnosis of melanoma between 2016 and 2019. These patients were retrospectively collected from our follow-up storage. We compared VDSL to clinical and pathological parameters (age, sex, tumour location, Breslow’s depth, Clark’s level, histological subtype, ulceration, et aliqua). Moreover, we recruited a control group with negative melanoma history. Mean and median of VDSL were significantly lower in the melanoma group. Instead, we found a negative association between melanoma and VDSL > 30 ng/L (OR 0.11; p < 0.0001). No correlation between VDSL and both Breslow’s depth and Clark’s level was discovered, but the VDSL comparison between thin (depth ≤ 1 mm) and thick tumours (depth > 1 mm) revealed a statistically significant difference (21.1 ± 8.2 ng/L vs 17.8 ± 8.1; p = 0.01). Moreover, VDSL were significantly lower in melanomas with mitotic rate ≥ 1/mm2 (22.1 ± 8.3 ng/L; p < 0007). Nevertheless, no connection was found between VDSL and both ulceration and positive sentinel nodes (p = 0.76; p = 0.74). Besides, our study revealed no association between VDSL and histological subtype (p = 0.161). Lower VDSL correlate with thick and high mitotic rate tumours. Future prospective studies would investigate if appropriate upkeep of suitable VDSL can decrease the risk of primary and recurrent melanoma diagnosis.

MO005HIGH LEVELS OF FIVE SPECIFIC FECAL METABOLITES IN IGA NEPHROPATHY PATIENTS SUPPORT THE HYPOTHESIS OF THE INTESTINAL-RENAL AXIS CONNECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Curci ◽  
Fabio Sallustio ◽  
Nada Chaoul ◽  
Angela Picerno ◽  
Gabriella Lauriero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells

Abstract Background and Aims The IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most frequent primitive glomerulonephritis. In the last years, the role of mucosal immunity in IgAN, together with that of the gut microbiota in the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, has gained importance. Particularly interesting is the role of the microbiota and intestinal immunity in IgAN. BAFF and APRIL can be produced by the intestinal epithelium, in response to signals triggered by TLRs once activated by the commensal bacteria present in the intestinal lumen, representing the link between microbiota and intestinal immunity. To date, even if hypothesized, this relationship in IgAN patients has not been investigated. Here, we studied the intestinal-renal axis connections analyzing levels of BAFF, April and intestinal-activated B cells in IgAN patients. Method Serum and fecal samples were collected from 44 IgAN patients, 22 non-IgA glomerulonephritides (controls) and 22 healthy subjects (HS) with similar clinical features. BAFF and APRIL serum levels were measured by ELISA assay. Metabolomic analysis of fecal microbiome was performed using Biochrom 30 series amino acid analyzer and gas-chromatography mass spectrometry/solid-phase microextraction (GC-MS/SPME) analysis. B cell subsets were investigated by FACS. Results IgAN patients had increased serum levels of BAFF cytokine compared to the control group of patients with non-IgA glomerulonephritis and compared with HS (p&lt;0.0001and p=0.012, respectively). We found that serum BAFF levels positively correlated with the levels of 24h-proteinuria in IgAN patients (r2 = 0.2269, p &lt;0.001). We correlated serum BAFF levels with fecal concentration of 5 different metabolites of 30 IgAN patients, which were previously investigated for the fecal microbiota. These organic compounds had been found at significantly higher levels in the feces of IgAN patients compared to HS. Serum BAFF levels positively correlated with the levels of fecal metabolites: 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol (r2 = 0.2882, p = 0.0027), p-tert-butyl-phenol (r2 = 0.386, p = 0.0003), methyl neopentyl phthalic acid (r2 = 0.3491, p =0.0007), hexadecyl ester benzoic acid (r2 = 0.2832, p =0.003) and furanone A (r2 = 0.1743, p = 0.024). Serum levels of APRIL were significantly increased in IgAN patients respect to control groups (4.49 ± 0.54 vs 2.27 ± 1 ng/ml, p=0.0014). We found a correlation between APRIL and serum creatinine (r2 = 0.159, p =0.04) and eGFR (r2 = 0.2395, p =0.0082), while no correlation was found between APRIL and fecal metabolite levels in IgAN patients. In addition, we found that subjects with IgAN have a significantly higher proportion of circulating Bregs, Memory B cells and IgA secreting-plasmablasts activated at the intestinal level (CCR9+INTB7+) compared to HS. Conclusion The results of our study showed for the first time an important correlation of serum levels of BAFF with intestinal microbiota in patients with IgAN, confirming the hypothesis of the pathogenic role of intestinal mucosal hyperresponsiveness in the IgAN patients. The intestinal-renal axis plays a crucial role in Berger's glomerulonephritis, whose complex pathogenesis may contribute several factors as genetics, pathogens and food.

scholarly journals Role of Regulatory B Cells in the Progression of Cervical Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifang Chen ◽  
Yuejie Zhu ◽  
Rong Du ◽  
Nannan Pang ◽  
Fengbo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Percentage

This study is to investigate the role of regulatory B (Breg) cells in cervical cancer. In total, 70 cases of cervical cancer, 52 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and 40 normal controls were enrolled. The percentage of Breg cells was detected by flow cytometry. Serum levels of IL-10 were measured by ELISA. The correlation between Breg cells and the clinical characterizations of cervical cancer was analyzed. The inhibition effect of Breg cells on CD8+ T cells was tested by blocking IL-10 in vitro. The percentage of CD19+CD5+CD1d+ Breg cells and the level of IL-10 of patients with cervical cancer or CIN were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). And the postoperative levels of Breg cells and IL-10 were significantly lower than the preoperative levels (P<0.05). Breg cells and the IL-10 level were positively correlated in cervical cancer patients (r=0.516). In addition, the Breg cell percentage was closely related to the FIGO stages, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, HPV infection, and the tumor metastasis of cervical cancer (P<0.05). The Breg cell percentage was negatively correlated with CD8+ T cells of cervical cancer patients (r=‐0.669). The level of IL-10 in the culture supernatant of Bregs treated with CpG was significantly higher than that of non-Bregs (P<0.05). After coculture with Bregs, the quantity of CD8+ T cells to secrete perforin and Granzyme B was significantly decreased, and this effect was reversed after blocking IL-10 by a specific antibody. Breg cells are elevated in cervical cancer and associated with disease progression and metastasis. Moreover, they can inhibit the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells.

CTRP3 is Significantly Decreased in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Closely Related with Osteoporosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (03) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Derya Demirtas ◽  
Fettah Acıbucu ◽  
Filiz Alkan Baylan ◽  
Erdinc Gulumsek ◽  
Tayyibe Saler
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Urine Calcium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Complement C1q ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract Background Adipokines derived from adipocytes are one of the important factors that act as circulating regulators of bone metabolism. Complement C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3), a paralog of adiponectin, is are member of the CTRP superfamily. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of serum CTRP3 in the development of osteoporosis in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Methods This study included 53 patients with diagnosed primary hyperparathyroidism and 30 healthy controls. Laboratory tests for the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism and serum levels of CTRP3 measured for all patients. Bone mineral density was obtained on lumbar spine 1 and 4 by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results Serum CTRP3 levels were lower in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism than in the control group (p<0.001). In addition, primary hyperparathyroidism patients are were divided into two groups as, with and without osteoporosis; the levels of CTRP3 were lower in patients with osteoporosis than in patients without osteoporosis (p=0.004). In logistic regression analysis, only CTRP3 levels independently determined the patients to be osteoporosis (p<0.05). According to this analysis, decreased CTRP3 (per 1 ng/mL) levels were found to increase the risk of patients for osteoporosis by 6.9%. When the CTRP3 cut-off values were taken as 30 ng/mL, it determined osteoporosis with 76.4% sensitivity and 73.2% specificity. CTRP3 and urine calcium levels were independently associated with T score in dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Conclusions CTRP3 levels were significantly decreased in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, and it is also related to osteoporosis.

CHANGES THE CYTOKINE PROFILE AND CALCIUM-REGULATING HORMONES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 673-676
Author(s):  
Asmaya Saftar Huseynova
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
High Production ◽  
Serological Variant

The aim was to study the level of some cytokines (İL-2, İL-6, İL-8 TNFα) and calcium regulating hormones (calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, 25 (OH) D) in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) depending on rheumatoid factor (RF) and the assessment of the role of the revealed violations in the pathogenesis of bone loss in this pathology. For this purpose, 74 patients with RA (59 women, 15 men) aged from 27 to 71 were examined. On the basis of RF in the blood serum, the patients were divided into 2 groups: seronegative and seropositive RA. The control group included 16 healthy individuals (13 women, 3 men). The results obtained that the serological variant of RA affects the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and calcium-regulating hormones: more pronounced changes were found in seropositive RA. The high production of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and parathyroid hormone detected in both groups of patients undoubtedly contributes to the mechanisms of bone loss in RA. In both groups we detected hypovitaminosis D. This results recommended to use this vitamin in the complex treatment of RA.

scholarly journals Serum Levels of Resistin, Adiponectin, and Apelin in Gastroesophageal Cancer Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Diakowska ◽  
Krystyna Markocka-Mączka ◽  
Piotr Szelachowski ◽  
Krzysztof Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Distant Metastasis ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Gastroesophageal Cancer ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Positive Correlations

The aim of the study was the investigation of relationship between cachexia syndrome and serum resistin, adiponectin, and apelin in patients with gastroesophageal cancer (GEC).Material and Methods. Adipocytokines concentrations were measured in sera of 85 GEC patients and 60 healthy controls. They were also evaluated in tumor tissue and appropriate normal mucosa of 38 operated cancer patients.Results. Resistin and apelin concentrations were significantly higher in GEC patients than in the controls. The highest resistin levels were found in cachectic patients and in patients with distant metastasis. Serum adiponectin significantly decreased in GEC patients with regional and distant metastasis. Serum apelin was significantly higher in cachectic patients than in the controls. Apelin was positively correlated with hsCRP level. Resistin and apelin levels increased significantly in tumor tissues. Weak positive correlations between adipocytokines levels in serum and in tumor tissue were observed.Conclusions. Resistin is associated with cachexia and metastasis processes of GEC. Reduction of serum adiponectin reflects adipose tissue wasting in relation to GEC progression. Correlation of apelin with hsCRP can reflect a presumable role of apelin in systemic inflammatory response in esophageal and gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Correlation between IL-36α and IL-17 and Activity of the Disease in Selected Autoimmune Blistering Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Żebrowska ◽  
Anna Woźniacka ◽  
Katarzyna Juczyńska ◽  
Kamila Ociepa ◽  
Elżbieta Waszczykowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dermatitis Herpetiformis ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Autoimmune Blistering Diseases

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), bullous pemphigoid (BP), and pemphigus vulgaris (PV) are autoimmune bullous skin conditions with eosinophilic and neutrophilic infiltrations. While cytokines are crucial for the affinity and activation of different leukocyte cells in the inflammation and blister formation, there are no studies concerning a role of IL-36. The goal of the study was to analyze whether interleukin 36 is involved in pathogenesis of DH, BP, and PV. And the second aim of the study was the estimation of correlation between IL-36 and IL-17 and titers of specific antibodies in these diseases. Expression of IL-36 and IL-17 was detected in serum in all DH, BP, and PV samples. Serum levels of IL-36 and IL-17α were statistically higher in DH, BP, and PV groups as compared to the control group. IL-36α levels were statistically higher in DH patients, as compared to patients with PV and BP. Our results showed that IL-36 may be helpful in the diagnostic and monitoring of the activity of the disease. IL-36 may play a relevant role of enrolling eosinophils and neutrophils in DH, BP, and PV and finally provoke tissue injury.

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