Behavior of Oxidative Stress Markers in Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Patients

Alcohol is the most socially accepted addictive substance worldwide, and its metabolism is related with oxidative stress generation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC). This study included 187 patients divided into two groups: ALC, classified according to Child-Pugh score, and a control group. We determined the levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and the GSH/GSSG ratio by an enzymatic method in blood. Also, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were estimated in serum. MDA levels increased in proportion to the severity of damage, whereas the GSH and GSSG levels decreased and increased, respectively, at different stages of cirrhosis. There were no differences in the GSH/GSSG ratio and carbonylated protein content between groups. We also evaluated whether the active consumption of or abstinence from alcoholic beverages affected the behavior of these oxidative markers and only found differences in the MDA, GSH, and GSSG determination and the GSH/GSSG ratio. Our results suggest that alcoholic cirrhotic subjects have an increase in oxidative stress in the early stages of disease severity and that abstinence from alcohol consumption favors the major antioxidant endogen: GSH in patients with advanced disease severity.

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Changes in oxidative markers, endogenous antioxidants and activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in farmers exposed to agricultural pesticides - a pilot study

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20130516 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (7) ◽

pp. 1186-1193 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Camila Murussi ◽

Roberta Cattaneo Horn ◽

Adriana Santi ◽

Barbara Estevão Clasen ◽

Gabriel Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Total Protein ◽

Ache Activity ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Cellular Damage ◽

Control Group ◽

Rural Workers ◽

Oxidative Markers ◽

Significant Difference

Agricultural practices are directly related to the use of pesticides, which indiscriminately and without due care may contribute to the occurrence of numerous intoxications. Several studies have demonstrated the relationship of certain pesticides and the occurrence of oxidative stress and therefore, in recent years have developed methods of analysis of several biomarkers of cellular damage that can be measured and quantified. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the possible changes in biochemical markers: glutamic aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, urea, total protein, and oxidative markers such as lipid peroxidation, damage to proteins and the activity of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and catalase (CAT) in farmers exposed to different pesticides for at least five years from Ibirubá - RS city. With the exception of AST and ALT, the results showed a significant difference between the mean total protein, urea and creatinine in the control group, showing that no changes in liver or kidney function of rural workers. In the oxidative parameters, there was a decrease in AChE activity and CAT in the control group; there were an increase in protein carbonyl and a decreased on TBARS compared to control group. Therefore, the results demonstrated a change in oxidative status of rural workers compared with the control group, mainly by possible inhibition of AChE activity and the occurrence of oxidative stress without showing changes in biochemical parameters.

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Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Liver of Growing Male Rats Receiving Various Alcoholic Beverages

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12010158 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 158 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aleksandra Kołota ◽

Dominika Głąbska ◽

Michał Oczkowski ◽

Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Animal Model ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Control Group ◽

Carbonyl Groups ◽

Liver Inflammation ◽

Protein Carbonyl Groups ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress

Typical alcohol consumption begins in the adolescence period, increasing the risk of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in adolescents and young adults, and while the pathophysiology of ALD is still not completely understood, it is believed that oxidative stress may be the major contributor that initiates and promotes the progression of liver damage. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of alcohol consumption on the markers of oxidative stress and liver inflammation in the animal model of prolonged alcohol consumption in adolescents using various alcoholic beverages. In a homogenic group of 24 male Wistar rats (4 groups—6 animals per group), since 30th day of life, in order to mimic the alcohol consumption since adolescence, animals received (1) no alcoholic beverage (control group), (2) ethanol solution, (3) red wine, or (4) beer (experimental groups) for 6 weeks. Afterwards, the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as levels of cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl groups, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukine-10 (IL-10) were measured in liver homogenates. The difference between studied groups was observed for CYP2E1 and protein carbonyl groups levels (increased levels for animals receiving beer compared with control group), as well as for ALT activity (decreased activity for animals receiving beer compared with other experimental groups) (p < 0.05). The results suggested that some components of beer, other than ethanol, are responsible for its influence on the markers of oxidative stress and liver inflammation observed in the animal model of prolonged alcohol consumption in adolescents. Taking this into account, beer consumption in adolescents, which is a serious public health issue, should be assessed in further studies to broaden the knowledge of the progression of liver damage caused by alcohol consumption in this group.

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Alteration in the oxidative status of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) fed with a diet containing Centaurea depressa M. Bieb. (Asteraceae)

Animal Biology ◽

10.1163/15707563-20191153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 227-237

Author(s):

Eda Güneş

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Total Protein ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Control Group ◽

Carbonyl Content ◽

Protein Carbonyl Content ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Dried Extract

Abstract The aim of the this study was to evaluate the effects of fresh, dried and freeze-dried Centaurea depressa M. Bieb. (Asteraceae) on the oxidant and antioxidant status of the model organism D. melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) experimentally. The study was carried out from 2016 to 2019, and plant leaf extracts (0-50 mg/l) were added to insect standard artificial diets. The total protein, protein carbonyl content and glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were quantified at the insect’s third larval stage. Our data showed that protein carbonyl content varied from 2.70 nmol/mg protein in the control group to 59.11 nmol/mg protein in the group fed with fresh leaf extract signifying induction of oxidative stress. All extracts increased the levels of all antioxidant enzymes and decreased the amounts of total protein. Meanwhile, the group fed with the freeze-dried extract showed no significant difference in the levels of total protein and protein carbonyl content except at the 50 mg/l concentration of the extract. Moreover, this group had superoxide dismutase and catalase activities 4 to 5 times higher than in the control group. In conclusion, induction of oxidative stress indicates that the fresh form of C. depressa leaves may have potential as a natural pesticide, whereas induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes by the freeze-dried extract suggest its potential as an antioxidant.

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OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF BONE MARROW IN MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE-TREATED RAT

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v80.11414 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nor Janna Yahya ◽

Zariyantey Abd Hamid ◽

Erni Norfardila Abu Hanipah ◽

Esther Mathias Ajik ◽

Nur Afizah Yusoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Marrow Cells ◽

Monosodium Glutamate ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Morphological Alteration ◽

Control Group ◽

Bone Marrow Smear ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Oxidative Stress Status

Excess consumption of monosodium glutamate (MSG) was reported to cause oxidative stress on brain, liver and renal and altered haematological parameters. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of MSG on oxidative stress status on bone marrow of rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) weighing between 160-200 g were divided randomly into three groups: Control which was given distilled water (1 mg/kg), MSG 60 and MSG 120 which were given 60 mg/kg MSG and 120 mg/kg MSG, respectively. All substances were oral force fed for 28 days consecutively. At the end of the study, bone marrow cells were isolated by flushing technique for measurement of the oxidative stress status and bone marrow smear observation. Results showed that the superoxide dismutase activity and protein carbonyl level were significantly increased in MSG 120 group than to control and MSG 60 groups (p<0.05). Conversely, glutathione level had declined significantly in both MSG groups as compared to control group (p<0.05). The malondialdehyde level was not significantly affected in MSG groups than to control group. Bone marrow smear indicated no evidence of morphological alteration in all groups. In conclusion, MSG at both doses caused oxidative stress on bone marrow after 28 days of exposure.

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Impact of Glutathione and Vitamin B-6 in Cirrhosis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Follow-Up Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12071978 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1978

Author(s):

Chia-Yu Lai ◽

Shao-Bin Cheng ◽

Teng-Yu Lee ◽

Yung-Fang Hsiao ◽

Hsiao-Tien Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Double Blind ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Antioxidant Capacities

Vitamin B-6 and glutathione (GSH) are antioxidant nutrients, and inadequate vitamin B-6 may indirectly limit glutathione synthesis and further affect the antioxidant capacities. Since liver cirrhosis is often associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant capacities, we conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial to assess the antioxidative effect of vitamin B-6, GSH, or vitamin B-6/GSH combined supplementation in cirrhotic patients. We followed patients after the end of supplementation to evaluate the association of vitamin B-6 and GSH with disease severity. In total, 61 liver cirrhosis patients were randomly assigned to placebo, vitamin B-6 (50 mg pyridoxine/d), GSH (500 mg/d), or B-6 + GSH groups for 12 weeks. After the end of supplementation, the condition of patient’s disease severity was followed until the end of the study. Neither vitamin B-6 nor GSH supplementation had significant effects on indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacities. The median follow-up time was 984 d, and 21 patients were lost to follow-up. High levels of GSH, a high GSH/oxidized GSH ratio, and high GSH-St activity at baseline (Week 0) had a significant effect on low Child–Turcotte–Pugh scores at Week 0, the end of supplementation (Week 12), and the end of follow-up in all patients after adjusting for potential confounders. Although the decreased GSH and its related enzyme activity were associated with the severity of liver cirrhosis, vitamin B-6 and GSH supplementation had no significant effect on reducing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant capacities.

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Lipid Peroxidation, Protein Oxidation, Gelatinases, and Their Inhibitors in a Group of Adults with Obesity

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/a-0887-2770 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (06) ◽

pp. 389-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gregorio Caimi ◽

Baldassare Canino ◽

Maria Montana ◽

Caterina Urso ◽

Vincenzo Calandrino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Protein Oxidation ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

The Matrix ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽

Obese Subjects

AbstractThe association between obesity and cardiovascular diseases has a multifactorial pathogenesis, including the synthesis of inflammatory molecules, the increase in oxidative stress and the dysregulation of the matrix metalloprotease (MMP) concentration and activity. In a group of adults with obesity, divided in 2 subgroups according to the body mass index (BMI), we examined lipid peroxidation, expressed as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), protein oxidation, expressed as protein carbonyl groups (PCs), plasma gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2). In the whole group, as well as in the 2 subgroups (with BMI 30–35 or BMI>35) of obese subjects, we observed an increase in TBARS, PCs, MMP-2, and MMP-9, and also TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in comparison with the control group. A positive correlation between TBARS and PCs emerged in obese subjects and persisted after dividing obese subjects according to BMI. The correlation between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 was not statistically significant, while a significant correlation was present between MMP-9 and TIMP-1. The correlations between the markers of oxidative stress (TBARS and PCs) and those of the MMP/TIMP profile indicated a more marked influence of protein oxidation on MMPs and TIMPs in comparison with TBARS. The innovative aspect of our study was the simultaneous evaluation of oxidative stress markers and MMP/TIMP profile in adult obese subjects. We observed significant alterations and correlations that may negatively influence the clinical course of the disease.

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The impact of outpatient clinical care on the survival and hospitalisation rate in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis

Radiology and Oncology ◽

10.1515/raon-2017-0056 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 75-82

Author(s):

Dejan Majc ◽

Bojan Tepes

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Hospitalisation Rate ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

The Impact

AbstractBackgroundIn the study, we aimed to determine whether regular outpatient controls in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis have an impact on their survival and hospitalisation rates.Patients and methodsWe included patients with liver cirrhosis and regular outpatient controls as a prospective study group and patients with liver cirrhosis who were admitted to hospital only in cases of complications as a retrospective control group. The study was conducted between 2006 and 2011.ResultsWe included 98 patients in the study group and 101 patients in the control group. There were more outpatient controls in the study group than in the control group (5.54 examinations vs. 2.27 examinations, p = 0.000). Patients in the study group had 25 fewer hospitalisations (10.2%; p = 0.612). The median survival rate was 4.6 years in the study group and 2.9 years in the control group (p = 0.021). Patients with Child A classification had an average survival of one year longer in the study group (p = 0.035). No significant difference was found for Child B patients. Patients with Child C classification had longer survival by 1.6 years in the study group (p = 0.006). Alcohol consumption was lower in the study group than in the control group (p = 0.018).ConclusionsWe confirmed that patients with regular outpatient controls had lower alcohol consumption, a lower hospitalisation rate and significantly prolonged survival time. We confirmed the necessity for the establishment of regular outpatient controls in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

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Plasma and Erytrocyte Oxidative Stress Markers in Children with Frequent Breath-Holding Spells

Klinische Pädiatrie ◽

10.1055/a-1369-9426 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Beril Dilber ◽

Ulas Emre Akbulut ◽

Hepsen Mine serin ◽

Ahmet Alver ◽

Ahmet Menteşe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Breath Holding ◽

Control Group ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Antioxidant Parameters ◽

Nitrite Nitrate

Abstract Background Breath-holding spells (BHS) are common non-paroxysmal events with unknown pathophysiology. BHS have been associated not only with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) but also with oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and erythrocyte injury induced by hypoxia. The present study was designed to investigate the contribution of IDA in BHS and the oxidant/antioxidant balance in children with or without IDA in BHS and compare them with healthy controls.Additionally, the study also aimed to examine the effect of the frequency of BHS attacks (mild or severe) on the oxidant/antioxidant balance and to determine the best predictive oxidant and antioxidant markers. Materials and Methods The study included 66 children with BHS aged 6–48 months who had been followed up for a minimum period of one year between 2014 and 2018. A control group of 30 age- and gender-matched healthy children was included in the study. The patient group was divided into 2 groups (IDA and non-IDA) and these groups were compared between each other and also with the control group. The IDA group was divided into subgroups based on the frequency of BHS attacks. Blood samples were obtained within a maximum period of 24 h following the spell. Levels of protein carbonyl, nitrite, nitrate, TOS, TAS, OSI, MDA, enzyme activities of GPx, CAT,enzyme activities of erythrocyte SOD, CAT, and GPx, and the level of MDA were measured. Results In patients with IDA, the oxidant levels increased while the antioxidant enzyme activities decreased. In all patients, the levels of MDA, carbonyl, TOS, OSI increased and the levels of TAS, activities SOD, and CAT decreased, whereas the enzyme activities of erythrocyte SOD, CAT, GPx decreased significantly compared to those of control group. Increased of erythrocyte MDA levels had 10.32, decreased enzyme activities of erythrocyte SOD levels had a 10.25, and decreased enzyme activities of erythrocyte CAT had a 5.33 times greater risk for spell. Conclusion The results indicated that the oxidant/antioxidant balance in children with BHS was impaired in favor of oxidants at both levels, regardless of the presence of IDA and the increased frequency of BHS attacks per day. Moreover, the presence of IDA was found to be associated with increased oxidative stress in children with BHS, particularly at the erythrocyte level. Erythrocyte level; among the erythrocyte MDA oxidant parameters, erythrocyte SOD and antioxidant parameters, they are the biomarkers that show the best probability of having a BHS attack and an increase in the frequency of apnea attacks.

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Evaluation of Periodontal Status in Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Patients: A Comparative Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1296 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 179-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

K Vijay Raghava ◽

H Shivananda ◽

Darshan Mundinamane ◽

Vinita Boloor ◽

Biju Thomas

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Control Group ◽

Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Periodontal Destruction

ABSTRACT Aim Bacterial infections are common complicating findings in course of liver cirrhosis, most of them being Gram-negative. Similarly periodontal pathogens are also mostly Gram-negative bacteria hence the objective was to evaluate the periodontal status in alcoholic liver cirrhosis patients and to compare the periodontal status of alcoholic liver cirrhosis patients in: a. Smokers with periodontitis and b. Nonsmokers with periodontitis. Materials and methods A total of 150 patients made up the sample of this study. The sample size was divided into four groups. The first two groups comprised of 50 patients each comprising of patients with periodontitis who were nonsmokers and patients with periodontitis who were smokers respectively and the next two groups comprised of 25 patients each, which included patients diagnosed as suffering from alcoholic liver cirrhosis who are nonsmokers and patients diagnosed as suffering from alcoholic liver cirrhosis who are smokers. Screening examination included a proper medical history, dental history and Russell's periodontal index was done to evaluate and compare the periodontal status among the selected groups. Results The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using the ANOVA Fisher's F-test. Multiple group comparisons were made using the Tukey's HSD test. Conclusion Conclusions that can be drawn from this study are: 1. Alcoholic liver cirrhosis patients demonstrated greater alveolar bone loss and increased periodontal destruction. 2. There is very high statistically significant difference on periodontal destruction in alcoholic liver cirrhosis patients (with or without smokers) when compared to the control group. Clinical significance Periodontal diseases are bacterial infections associated with a bacterial load or insult to the host that elicits a strong inflammatory response cumulating to produce significant pathologic alterations in the systemic status of the host. Alcoholic liver cirrhosis patients as a consequence of liver dysfunction have elevated levels of serum cytokines. These are involved in the destructive process of periodontal disease probably through enhancement of collagenase and metalloproteinase activity. Hence, a study has been planned to evaluate periodontal status in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. How to cite this article Raghava KV, Shivananda H, Mundinamane D, Boloor V, Thomas B. Evaluation of Periodontal Status in Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Patients: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):179-182.

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Diagnostical significance of dimethylarginine in the development of hepatorenal syndrome in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp110728009n ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 686-691 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Vanja Nickovic ◽

Jelenka Nikolic ◽

Natasa Djindjic ◽

Мilena Ilic ◽

Jovan Nickovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Hepatorenal Syndrome ◽

Hplc Method ◽

Control Group ◽

Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Arginine Metabolism ◽

Metabolic Liver Function ◽

Cirrhotic Patients ◽

Healthy Participants ◽

Adma Concentration

Background/Aim. Chronic consumption of alcohol during a longer period of time leads to the development of cirrhosis with the reduction in metabolic liver function and disorders in arginine metabolism. Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is the most severe complication of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The aim of the study was to analyze disorders in arginine metabolism by monitoring concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in patients with liver cirrhosis and HRS. Methods. The study included three groups of subjects: a group of patients with cirrhosis and HRS (24 patients), a group of patients with cirrhosis without HRS (18 patients) and a control group composed of 42 healthy voluntary blood donors. Concentrations of ADMA, SDMA and L-arginine in plasma were measured in all groups using the high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Results. The concentration of SDMA was significantly higher in the patients with HRS compared to the patients without HRS and it was also higher than the values obtained from the healthy participants (1.76 ? 0.3 ?mol/L; 1.01 ? 0.32 and 0.520 ? 0.18 ?mol/L, respectively; p < 0.01). The concentrations of ADMA were higher in the cirrhotic patients with HRS than in those without this serious complication of cirrhosis. The concentration of ADMA in all the examined cirrhotic patients was higher than those obtained from healthy volunteers (1.35 ? 0.27 ?mol/L, 1.05 ? 0.35 ?mol/L and 0.76 ? 0.21 ?mol/L, respectively). In the patients with terminal alcoholic liver cirrhosis, the concentrations of ADMA and SDMA correlated with the progress of cirrhosis as well as with the development of cirrhosis complications. In the patients with HRS there was a positive correlation between creatinine and SDMA in plasma (r2 = 0.0756, p < 0.001) which was not found between creatinine and ADMA. Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrate that the increase in SDMA concentration is proportionate to the progression of chronic damage of the liver and kidneys. Increased ADMA concentration can be a causative agent of renal insufficiency in patients with cirrhosis.

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