scholarly journals Former Food Products Safety Evaluation: Computer Vision as an Innovative Approach for the Packaging Remnants Detection

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tretola ◽  
Matteo Ottoboni ◽  
Ambra Rita Di Rosa ◽  
Carlotta Giromini ◽  
Eleonora Fusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Food Losses ◽  
Safety Features

Former food products (FFPs) represent a way by which leftovers from the food industry (e.g., biscuits, bread, breakfast cereals, chocolate bars, pasta, savoury snacks, and sweets) are converted into ingredients for the feed industry, thereby keeping food losses in the food chain. FFPs represent an alternative source of nutrients for animal feeding. However, beyond their nutritional value, the use of FFPs in animal feeding implies also safety issues, such as those related to the presence of packaging remnants. These contaminants might reside in FFP during food processing (e.g., collection, unpacking, mixing, grinding, and drying). Nowadays, artificial senses are widely used for the detection of foreign material in food and all of them involve computer vision. Computer vision technique provides detailed pixel-based characterizations of colours spectrum of food products, suitable for quality evaluation. The application of computer vision for a rapid qualitative screening of FFP’s safety features, in particular for the detection of packaging remnants, has been recently tested. This paper presents the basic principles, the advantages, and disadvantages of the computer vision method with an evaluation of its potential in the detection of packaging remnants in FFP.

Introducing Food Science

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
R. Balasasirekha
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Food Labelling ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Food Safety And Quality

Introducing Food Science authored by Robert L. Shewfelt, Alicia Orta- Ramirez and Andrew D.Clarke overviews the food issues, basic principles of food science, commercial food products and food labelling, packaging and recent trends in the principles of nutrition. The Section I emphasises on food safety issues, healthiest foods and on the foods we eat. Food safety on issues gives insights on foods in the news, unsafe foods, harmful microbes, hazards when food goes bad from the journalist point of view to the classrooms. Taking care of expiry date, preserving foods by different methods, the preservatives used are also emphasised. Governmental regulations of food safety and quality are also introduced.

scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of Fail-Safe Fieldbus in Safety Related Control System

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 350-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Franeková ◽  
Karol Rástočný
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Analysis Of Failures ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Random Failures

Safety Evaluation of Fail-Safe Fieldbus in Safety Related Control System The paper deals with the problem of modelling safety features of the safety Fieldbus transmission system used within safety related control systems. The basic principles of the modelling failures effect upon the safety of closed transmission system and standards used in the process of safety evaluation are summarized in the paper. The practical part is oriented to a description of a realized Markov model for determination of the random failures effect on the safety of a closed transmission system. The model reflects the safety analysis of failures effect caused by electromagnetic interference in the communication channel and random HW failures of the transmission system. In the paper the results of simulation of parameters of the transmission system are discussed, such as the probability of an undetected corrupted message.

scholarly journals Automatic Roadway Features Detection with Oriented Object Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3531
Author(s):  
Hesham M. Eraqi ◽  
Karim Soliman ◽  
Dalia Said ◽  
Omar R. Elezaby ◽  
Mohamed N. Moustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
The Road ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Roadway Safety ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
Oriented Object

Extensive research efforts have been devoted to identify and improve roadway features that impact safety. Maintaining roadway safety features relies on costly manual operations of regular road surveying and data analysis. This paper introduces an automatic roadway safety features detection approach, which harnesses the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) computer vision to make the process more efficient and less costly. Given a front-facing camera and a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, the proposed system automatically evaluates ten roadway safety features. The system is composed of an oriented (or rotated) object detection model, which solves an orientation encoding discontinuity problem to improve detection accuracy, and a rule-based roadway safety evaluation module. To train and validate the proposed model, a fully-annotated dataset for roadway safety features extraction was collected covering 473 km of roads. The proposed method baseline results are found encouraging when compared to the state-of-the-art models. Different oriented object detection strategies are presented and discussed, and the developed model resulted in improving the mean average precision (mAP) by 16.9% when compared with the literature. The roadway safety feature average prediction accuracy is 84.39% and ranges between 91.11% and 63.12%. The introduced model can pervasively enable/disable autonomous driving (AD) based on safety features of the road; and empower connected vehicles (CV) to send and receive estimated safety features, alerting drivers about black spots or relatively less-safe segments or roads.

scholarly journals Sampling Efficacy and Survival Rates of Labarrus pseudolividus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Onthophagus taurus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Using Flotation and Sieve-Separation Methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fallon Fowler ◽  
Tashiana Wilcox ◽  
Stephanie Orr ◽  
Wes Watson
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Onthophagus Taurus ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Sampling Efficacy

Abstract Understanding collection methodologies and their limitations are essential when targeting specific arthropods for use in habitat restoration, conservation, laboratory colony formation, or when holistically representing local populations using ecological surveys. For dung beetles, the most popular collection methodology is baited traps, followed by light traps and unbaited flight-intercept traps during diversity surveys. A less common collection method, flotation, is assumed to be laborious and messy, and so only a handful of papers exist on its refinement and strengths. Our purpose was threefold: First, we tested the recovery and survival rates of Labarrus (=Aphodius) pseudolividus (Balthasar) and Onthophagus taurus (Schreber) when floating beetle-seeded dung pats to determine potential collection and safety issues. We collected 72.4 and 78% of the seeded L. pseudolividus and O. taurus, respectively, with >95% survival rating. Second, we developed a flotation-sieving technique that enables users to rapidly collect and passively sort dung beetles with less time and effort. Specifically, we often collected 50–100 g of wild dung beetles within a couple of hours of gathering dung and sorted them in a couple more by allowing dung beetles to sort themselves by size within a series of sieves; Third, we reviewed flotation-based advantages and disadvantages in comparison to other methodologies.

Risk Analysis and Safety Evaluation of Biomass Cookstoves

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan G. Johnson ◽  
Mark Bryden ◽  
Angran Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Biomass Cookstoves

Combustion of biomass in open fires and ad hoc unventilated stoves is the primary form of household energy for two to three billion people worldwide. These cookstoves have significant health, social, and economic impacts on poor families in developing countries. These impacts include disease, injury, excess time spent gathering fuel, deforestation, and high fuel costs relative to income. In an attempt to address many of these problems numerous non-governmental organizations have developed several biomass cookstove designs in the past five to ten years. These designs have generally focused on increasing fuel efficiency, and to a lesser degree, reducing particulate emissions. This emphasis has been driven largely by the availability of relatively straight forward fuel efficiency tests for biomass cookstoves developed 10–20 years ago and the ability of researchers to adapt current air pollution testing methods for stoves. In contrast there are no safety standards or hazard evaluations available for biomass cookstoves. Because of this the safety of the cookstove is seldom explicitly considered as a part of the design process. This paper addresses the basic safety issues that should be considered in the design of biomass stoves used in developing countries, describes the reasoning behind these safety issues, and proposes a set of safety guidelines for testing and evaluating stove safety. These guidelines are intended for testing and evaluating in the field as well as in the design lab.

Tools to Identify Safety Issues for a Corridor Safety-Improvement Program

2000 ◽  
Vol 1717 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome P. Breyer
Keyword(s):  
Relational Databases ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Safety Improvement

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) recognizes that a new paradigm in highway safety evaluation was brought about by the advent of advanced technologies such as photo log, geographic information systems (GIS), and global-positioning satellite systems. Whereas these technologies are known to serve distinct singular purposes in a highway agency, ADOT has endeavored to explore the possibilities of integrating these technologies for the purpose of providing an all-encompassing perspective of crash history and roadside characteristics in a multimedia display of GIS maps and related photo imagery. The research provides the account of an analytic tool-development process aimed at improving the recognition of highway safety hazards. These hazards might otherwise be apparent if not for the relative complexity of existing relational databases and spatial GIS infrastructure at ADOT. Previous methods of mining data from the ADOT crash databases were limited in functionality as well as in reliability. By promoting the “visualization” of highway safety conditions, the advanced technologies open a wealth of new opportunities in identifying problematic roadside conditions and crash histories. This is expected to lead to an improved economy of implementing safety improvements that are designed properly to mitigate the “real” conditions that can be identified. The research is a companion to the larger, FHWA-sponsored research into establishing a corridor safety-improvement program for Arizona (FHWA Report FHWA-AZ 98-458).

scholarly journals Establishment of metrological parameters of the method for measuring the protein mass fraction in fish food products by the Kjeldahl method

Food systems ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
A. V. Kozin ◽  
L. S. Abramova ◽  
E. S. Guseva ◽  
I. V. Derunets
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Protein Quantification ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Modern Level ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
Metrological Parameters

In laboratory practice, there are many protein quantification methods, and all of them have their own advantages and disadvantages. The most common and widely used method for the protein analysis in food products, including fish, is the Kjeldahl method. However, the current standards for measurement methods for the determination of the protein content in fish food products do not provide for the use of devices that meet the modern level of technical development, and also do not contain metrological indicators that guarantee the reliability of the results obtained. The aim of the study was to substantiate the method for measuring the protein mass fraction in fish food products by the Kjeldahl method on an automatic analyzer and to establish metrological parameters. The assessment of the quality indicators of the Kjeldahl measuring method was carried out using a Kjeltec System 2300 Nitrogen Analyzer (Foss Analytical AB, Sweden) in the form of a characteristic of the measurement error and its components, which will provide results with the required accuracy.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION OF THE CATEGORIES OF “QUALITY” AND “SAFETY” OF PRODUCTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
T.V. Malanchuk ◽  
E.A. Zaitsev
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Product Safety ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
State Supervision ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
And Control

The article analyzes the complex state of the modern legislative regulation of quality and product safety issues in the context of ensuring consumers’ rights to the proper quality of goods (works, services). It is stated that in view of the variety of different properties that make up the notion of quality, the most important are the defects, which are capable of damaging the life, health, or property of the consumer, that is, the defects, which indicate that the goods are dangerous. The safety of goods works, and services as a legal category are of particular importance and is one of the functions of the state to ensure public safety. State measures of influence on manufacturers and sellers of goods, persons who perform work and provide services should be aimed at ensuring the protection of fundamental civil rights. In most cases, these are imperative requirements for safety, which are approved by special legal acts, as well as measures of state supervision and control to ensure the safety of manufactured goods, works, and services. The legislator, when defining security, uses the term “safety of goods (works, services)”, but it would be advisable to carry out graduation of these concepts since the safety of goods is a state of goods that allows it to be sold, used, stored, transported, disposed of without harm for life, health, the property of the consumer and the environment in normal conditions, and the safety of works and services is the quality of protection of the legal rights of the consumer in carrying out the activities of persons who perform work and provide services, danger to life, health, the property should not manifest itself either in their implementation and providing or later. It is noted that quality requirements should be made mandatory when designing production specifications. It is stated that in order to ensure the effectiveness of legal regulation, the safety of a product, work, or service must be considered as a full-fledged property within the legal notion of quality. It is concluded that product safety is an integral feature of any product, work, and service, acting as an integral element of the quality category. Lack of safety features indicates that the product is of poor quality. Keywords: quality, safety, proper quality, improper quality, specifications, consumers.

The fast-neutron breeder fission reactor: safety issues in reactor design and operation

1990 ◽  
Vol 331 (1619) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reactor Core ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Metallic Fuel ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Fission Reactor ◽  
Core Energy ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Breeder Reactors ◽  
Uranium Plutonium ◽  
Safety Features

Today’s fast breeder reactors contain mixed uranium —plutonium oxide fuel and are cooled with liquid sodium. Their normal operational behaviour, including power transients, is similar to that of thermal reactors. The fact that the sodium density coefficient is positive is of no importance at normal operating temperatures because negative coefficients like Doppler or fuel expansion coefficients have compensating effects. Dangerous effects may arise when sodium boiling at much higher temperatures occur. It is shown that sodium boiling in most cases can be avoided by proper design of the reactor core. Energy releases associated with partial destruction of the core are discussed. The safety features of metallic fuel are briefly discussed, resulting in the statement that in principle, use of metallic fuel does not promise more positive safety features.

The Basic Principles of Competitive Strategy

2015 ◽  
pp. 693-718
Author(s):  
Nabyla Daidj
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Strategic Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Strategic Positioning ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Firms operate in a more and more complex, dynamic, less predictable environment. This situation requires following different approaches of strategic positioning and strategic planning and developing new patterns of strategic thinking. There are several strategic models and tools. Most of them have advantages and disadvantages. In spite of these limitations, these models must be examined. The purpose of this chapter is to conduct a strategic analysis (external and internal diagnoses). It familiarizes the reader with the forces that shape competition in a company's external environment and then analyzes internal strategic capabilities for identifying strategic sustainable competitive advantage.

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