scholarly journals Studies on Characterization of Corn Cob for Application in a Gasification Process for Energy Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony I. Anukam ◽  
Boniswa P. Goso ◽  
Omobola O. Okoh ◽  
Sampson N. Mamphweli
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Fiber Cells ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Major Functional Group ◽  
Ash Fouling

Quintessential characteristics of corn cob were investigated in this study in order to determine its gasification potential. Results were interpreted in relation to gasification with reference to existing data from the literature. The results showed that the gasification of corn cob may experience some challenges related to ash fouling, slagging, and sintering effects that may be orchestrated by high ash content recorded for corn cob, which may contribute to increasing concentration of inorganic elements under high temperature gasification conditions, even though EDX analysis showed reduced concentration of these elements. The study also found that the weight percentages of other properties such as moisture, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents of corn cob as well as its three major elemental components (C, H, and O) including its clearly exhibited fiber cells make corn cob a suitable feedstock for gasification. FTIR analysis revealed the existence of –OH, C–O, C–H, and C=C as the major functional group of atoms in the structure of corn cob that may facilitate formation of condensable and noncondensable liquid and gaseous products during gasification. TGA results indicated that complete thermal decomposition of corn cob occurs at temperatures close to 1000°C at a heating rate of 20°C/min.

scholarly journals Characterization of Banana Peels Wastes as Potential Slow Pyrolysis Feedstock

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isa Kabenge ◽  
Godfrey Omulo ◽  
Noble Banadda ◽  
Jeffrey Seay ◽  
Ahamada Zziwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Feedstock ◽  
Lower Heating ◽  
Banana Wastes

Uganda is the world’s second largest producer and consumer of banana after India. This has resulted into vast quantities of banana wastes, including the leaves, pseudostem, stalks, rejected and rotten fruits and the fruit peels. This study focuses on the characterization of banana peels to yield banana peels vinegar (BPV), tar and biochar as value added products that can be useful to farmers. Dried banana peels were characterized via proximate, ultimate, lignocellulosic, thermogravimetric (TG), and calorific value analyses. The obtained results showed that the volatile matter and fixed carbon contents were 88.02% and 2.70% while carbon, nitrogen and sulphur were 35.65%, 1.94% and 20.75 ppm respectively. The hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents were 41.38%, 9.90% and 8.90% while the higher and lower heating values were 16.15 MJ/kg and 14.80 MJ/kg. The maximum devolatilization rate in the banana peel biomass occurred in the temperatures range of 450–550oC which was taken as the slow pyrolysis regime temperature. The high levels of fixed carbon, volatile matter and ash contents were strong indicators that banana wastes are adequate feedstock for pyrolysis work to yield bio-infrastructure products. Similarly, the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose fractions had significant correlation between the biomass heating values and the eventual chemical compounds present BPV and biochar. The characterization properties of the banana peels are akin to the leaves and pseudostem and thus are suitable for pyrolysis process.

Fuel Briquettes from Sisal Waste in Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
Udomdeja Polyium ◽  
Amornrat Pigoolthong
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The research aims to develop fuel briquettes from sisal waste material mixed with bagasse. Sisal wastes were collected from Hub Kapong Royal Project Phetchaburi Province Thailand. These material were mixed according to the ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 respectively. Characterization of physical and chemical properties of fuel briquettes were determined by percentage moisture content, percentage ash content, percentage volatile matter, percentage fixed carbon, and calorific value with the standard number ASTM 3173, ASTM D 3175, ASTM D 3174, ASTM D 3177 and ASTM D 3286 respectively. The results show that percentage moisture content values of 9.98 - 18.14, percentage volatile matter values of 42.59 - 68.04, percentage ash content values of 16.05 -25.41, percentage fixed carbon values of 5.93 - 13.86 and calorific values of 1,820.52 - 2,485.19 kcal/kg. Fuel briquettes to be used as a fuel substitute for firewood and charcoal.

scholarly journals Characterization of Biochar Properties Affected by Different Pyrolysis Temperatures Using Visible-Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiqing Yang ◽  
Kuichuan Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Fixed Carbon

Rapid characterization of biochar for energy and ecological purpose utilization is fundamental. In this work, visible and near-infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy was used to measure ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon contents, and calorific value of three types of biochar produced from pine wood, cedar wood, and cotton stalk, respectively. The vis-NIR spectroscopy was also used to discriminate biochar feedstock types and pyrolysis temperature. Prediction result shows that partial least squares (PLS) regression calibrating the spectra to the values of biochar properties achieved very good or excellent performance with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.86~0.91 and residual prediction deviation (RPD) of 2.58~3.32 for ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon, and good prediction with R2 of 0.81 and RPD of 2.30 for calorific value. Linear discrimination analysis (LDA) of the principal components (PCs) produced from PCA of wavelength matrix shows that three types of biochar can be successfully discriminated with 95.2% accuracy. The classification of biochar with different pyrolysis temperatures can be conducted with 69% accuracy for all three types and 100% accuracy for single type of cotton stalk. This experiment suggests that the vis-NIR spectroscopy is promising as an alternative of traditionally quantitative and qualitative analysis of biochar properties.

scholarly journals Charcterization of a medicinal plant Agastya (Sesbania grandiflora)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
NEENA BAGCHI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora ◽  
Bioactive Potential

The chemical characterization of the leaves of Sesbania grandiflora were carried out in a quest to evaluate its bioactive potential to cure diseases and its potential as a source of alternate medicine. Fresh leaves of S. grandiflora were collected and powdered for analysis. The proximate analysis of the leaves showed that the proportion of moisture content, volatile matter, ash content and fixed carbon were 5.16%, 67.4%, 17.64%, 9.8% respectively. The results of FTIR revealed the strong bonds between C-H, C-O, C=O, C=C, S=O and N-H in the plant material. Moreover the result of TGA depicts that the highest weight loss occurred at temperature of 486.64° C with a degradation rate of 10.00 K/min in combustion conditions.

scholarly journals Green energy technology from buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) for Brazilian agro-extractive communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munique Gonçalves Guimarães ◽  
Rafael Benjamin Werneburg Evaristo ◽  
Augusto César de Mendonça Brasil ◽  
Grace Ferreira Ghesti
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Immediate Analysis

AbstractThe present work analyzed the energy generation potential of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.) by thermochemical reactions. The experimental part of the study performed immediate analyses, elemental analyses, lignocellulosic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, calorific values, and syn gas concentrations measurements of the gasification of Buriti in a fixed-bed reactor. Additionally, numerical simulations estimated the syn gas concentrations of the gasification reactions of Buriti. The immediate analysis showed that Buriti has the highest ash content (4.66%) and highest volatile matter content (85%) compared to other Brazilian biomass analyzed, but the higher heating value was only 18.28 MJ.kg−1. The elemental analysis revealed that the oxygen to carbon ratio was 0.51 while hydrogen to carbon ratio was 1.74, indicating a good thermal conversion efficiency. The Lignocellulosic analysis of Buriti resulted in a high content of holocellulose (69.64%), a lignin content of 28.21% and extractives content of 7.52%. The thermogravimetry of the Buriti indicated that the highest mass loss (51.92%) occurred in a temperature range between 150 °C and 370 °C. Lastly, the experimental gasification study in a fixed-bed updraft gasifier resulted in syn gas concentrations of 14.4% of CO, 11.5% of CO2 and 17.5% of H2 while the numerical simulation results confirmed an optimal equivalence ratio of 1.7 to maximize CO and H2 concentrations. Therefore, based on the results presented by the present work, the gasification process is adequate to transform Buriti wastes into energy resources. Graphic abstract

Preparation and characterization of corn cob/polypropylene composite reinforced by wood ash

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 2125-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiling Wan ◽  
Haijie Wu ◽  
Langhuan Huang ◽  
Jingxian Zhang ◽  
Shaozao Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Ash ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Polypropylene Composite

ATP-activated chloride channel inhibited by an antibody to P glycoprotein

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (4) ◽  
pp. C1095-C1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Zhang ◽  
T. J. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Fiber Cells ◽  
Cl Channel ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Voltage Curve ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Single Channel Activity ◽  
Current Voltage Curve

In this report, we present the characteristics of a Cl- channel found in lens fiber cells. The single channel has a conductance of 17 pS, a linear current-voltage curve, is activated by ATP or strong depolarization and is blocked by verapamil, quinidine, 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, 5-nitro-2-(3- phenylpropylamino)benzoate, dideoxyforskolin, and tamoxifen. These properties are similar to those reported for a volume-activated Cl- channel associated with the multidrug resistance (MDR) gene product, P glycoprotein (24). Confirming this connection, we demonstrate that our lens Cl- channel is inhibited by an antibody to P glycoprotein. The data we present here may, therefore, be the first characterization of the single channel activity of the Cl- channel associated with P glycoprotein.

Evaluation of the higher heating value, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash content of ground bamboo using near infrared spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jetsada Posom ◽  
Panmanas Sirisomboon
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Bomb Calorimetry ◽  
Heating Value

This research aimed to determine the higher heating value, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash content of ground bamboo using Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy as an alternative to bomb calorimetry and thermogravimetry. Bamboo culms used in this study had circumferences ranging from 16 to 40 cm. Model development was performed using partial least squares regression. The higher heating value, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash content were predicted with coefficients of determination (r2) of 0.92, 0.82, 0.85 and 0.51; root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 122 J g−1, 1.15%, 1.00% and 0.77%; ratio of the standard deviation to standard error of validation (RPD) of 3.66, 2.55, 2.62 and 1.44; and bias of 14.4 J g−1, −0.43%, 0.03% and −0.11%, respectively. This report shows that near infrared spectroscopy is quite successful in predicting the higher heating value, and is usable with screening for the determination of fixed carbon and volatile matter. For ash content, the method is not recommended. The models should be able to predict the properties of bamboo samples which are suitable for achieving higher efficiency for the biomass conversion process.

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