scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Dengue Transmission and Spatial Distribution of High Seroprevalence in Schoolchildren from the Urban Area of Medellin, Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leidy Diana Piedrahita ◽  
Ivony Y. Agudelo Salas ◽  
Katherine Marin ◽  
Andrea I. Trujillo ◽  
Jorge E. Osorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
One Year ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Sentinel Population ◽  
Main Factor

Dengue fever is an increasing health problem in tropical and subtropical regions. During 2010 in Medellin, the younger population presented a particularly high dengue incidence rate. This study estimated dengue virus (DENV) transmission in schoolchildren (aged 5–19 years) in Medellin from 2010 to 2012. A longitudinal serological survey (IgG) and spatial analysis were conducted to determine the distribution of DENV seroprevalence. A total of 4,385 schoolchildren participated for at least one year. Dengue seroprevalence significantly increased during the studied period (53.8% to 64.6%; p<0.001). A significantly higher seroconversion rate was observed in 2010-2011 (16.8%) compared to 2011-2012 (7.8%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the main factor associated with the seroprevalence was the aging. Furthermore, in 2010, patients with high socioeconomic status presented a lower risk. Predominant multitypic and DENV4 monotypic antibody responses were demonstrated. Geostatistical analysis evidenced a temporal clustering distribution of DENV seroprevalence in 2010. Population density and Ae. aegypti House Index were significantly correlated with the observed pattern. This study revealed high DENV transmission in schoolchildren determined as “sentinel population.” High DENV risk was found in districts with combined poorly socioeconomic conditions and densest human and mosquito populations. These findings may allow to target population for effective prevention and vaccination campaigns.

scholarly journals Anaemia among young male workers in Alexandria, Egypt

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Curtale ◽  
M. Abdel Fattah ◽  
M. El Shazly ◽  
M. Youssef Shamy ◽  
F. El Sahn
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Male Workers

In a cross-sectional survey, we investigated exposure to and the presence of factors associated with anaemia, such as socioeconomic conditions, dietary habits, intestinal parasitic infections and lead among 355 young male workers [7-19 years of age]employed in private workshops. Of the total study sample, 44.5% [158 participants]were found to be anaemic. The major risk factors for anaemia were multiple parasitic infection, high intensity of parasitic [Ascaris lumbricoides]infection and drinking tea soon after a meal. A significantly lower prevalence of anaemia was noted after Ramadan; it appeared to be the main factor associated with the presence or absence of anaemia and warrants further attention.

scholarly journals Reducing aggression and improving offending outcomes in youth with conduct disorder, results of a systematic review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S270-S270
Author(s):  
Craig McEwan ◽  
Lauren Dunn ◽  
Jake Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Offending Behaviour

AimsThe aim of this literature review was to determine what interventions are effective in reducing aggression and offending behaviour in under 18's with conduct disorder.Null hypothesis: There is no difference in aggression or offending behaviour in under 18's with conduct problems in spite of interventions offeredBackgroundMental health services for children and adolescents who are aggressive or who have come into contact with the Youth Justice System are sparse and often under resourced. Conduct disorder (CD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed conditions in adolescents, particularly in young offenders (Kenny et al 2007). The most effective prevention programs for youth at risk of persistent delinquency has previously been found to be a multi model program focussing on the family context. However, this has not taken in to consideration the extent and prevalence of mental disorder, including conduct disorder, within the target population.MethodA systematic literature search was undertaken on medline and psychoinfo between January and December 2018. Identified papers were then screened by two independent researchers against pre-agreed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant papers were assessed for bias and results summarised.ResultFrom an initial data set of 526 papers, 9 were included for review. 4 focussed on psychopharmacology (1 aripiprazole, 1 risperidone, 1 risperidone vs clozapine, 1 clozapine), 1 family centred feedback, 1 Mode Deactivation Therapy and 3 were multi modal (combinations of Mode Deactivation Therapy, Stop Now and Act Programme, CBT, Didactic sessions, 1:1 counselling). None of the multi-modal interventions were standardised or comparable to each other. End points varied from 8 weeks (aripiprazole) to 15 months (multimodal SNAP programme). Settings varied from community programmes to secure inpatient settings. Whilst one risperidone study reported it to be effective in reducing aggression, it was not significant. One SNAP (multimodal) programme failed to show significant effect. All other 7 interventions, across various methods, demonstrated significant reductions in aggression, violence or other antisocial behaviour.ConclusionFew papers were identified that assessed interventions for youth with conduct disorder. The papers that were identified were significantly heterogeneous in their intervention, sample selection, methodology and outcome measures. Unfortunately, this leads to an inability to compare any interventions for this demographic. Despite the rise in Forensic Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, there is a weak and poorly understood evidence base for supporting and managing young people with conduct disorder.

scholarly journals Impact of Renal Disease on Natriuretic Peptide Testing for Diagnosing Decompensated Heart Failure and Predicting Mortality

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1511-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R deFilippi ◽  
Stephen L Seliger ◽  
Susan Maynard ◽  
Robert H Christenson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Roc Area

Abstract Background: Concomitant occurrence of kidney disease (KD) and heart failure (HF) is common and associated with poor outcomes. Natriuretic peptide studies have typically excluded many individuals with KD. We compared the accuracy of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) for diagnosing decompensated HF and predicting mortality across the spectrum of renal function. Methods: BNP and NT-proBNP were prospectively measured in a cohort of 831 dyspnea patients. KD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;60 mL · min−1 · (1.73 m2)−1. The accuracy and predictive value of each test for diagnosing decompensated HF and predicting all-cause 1-year mortality were assessed by ROC area under the curve (AUC) and multivariate regression analysis. Results: Among the 831 dyspnea patients, 393 (47%) had KD. The diagnostic accuracies of BNP and NT-proBNP in detecting decompensated HF were similar to each other in patients without KD (AUC 0.75 vs 0.74, respectively; P = 0.60) and in patients with KD (AUC 0.68 vs 0.66; P = 0.10). One-year mortality rates were 36.3% and 19.0% in those with and without KD, respectively (P &lt;0.001). Progressively higher BNP and NT-proBNP concentrations remained predictive of increased mortality in KD patients. Compared with the lowest quartile, quartile 4 of BNP had an adjusted hazards ratio (HR) of 2.6 (95% CI 1.4–4.8; P = 0.004 for trend) and NT-proBNP quartile 4 had an HR of 4.5 (95% CI 2.0–10.2; P &lt;0.001 for trend). Only NT-proBNP remained a predictor of death after adjustment for clinical confounders and the other natriuretic peptide marker. Conclusions: NT-proBNP and BNP are equivalent predictors of decompensated HF across a spectrum of renal function, but NT-proBNP is a superior predictor of mortality.

Ethical Considerations and Practical Implications in Romanian Covid-19 Vaccination Campaign

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Petru Sandu ◽  
◽  
Maria Aluaș ◽  
Răzvan M. Cherecheș ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

"Besides its undoubtable significant contribution to morbidity and mortality worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has had numerous political, social, economic, and public health implications. Vaccination, an already long debated public health ethics theme, has reoccurred in force, as the efforts of the scientific community to curb the pandemic resulted in a viable vaccine less than one year since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. High-level, international negotiations dictated states’ COVID-19 vaccine availability in the first few months, therefore each national Government had to develop and deploy vaccination campaigns prioritizing certain population categories. This paper aims to present Romanian COVID-19 vaccination campaign, from its inception to the present days, by focusing on the ethical considerations (e.g. prioritization, coercion, non-discrimination) and their practical implications ( e.g. vaccination hesitancy, rates, fake news). Like most countries in the European Community, Romania has initially adopted a Rawlsian approach to vaccination, prioritizing the older adults and the individuals with chronic conditions. However, unlike other European countries, coercion was not considered in any form (e.g. extended mobility facilities for the vaccinated), more recently incentives such as food vouchers being discussed. The impact of these decisions on the vaccination rates and hesitancy are discussed in the context of other European countries examples of vaccination campaigns. "

scholarly journals Development of a Non-Meat-Based, Mass Producible and Effective Bait for Oral Vaccination of Dogs against Rabies in Goa State, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Gibson ◽  
Stella Mazeri ◽  
Gowri Yale ◽  
Santosh Desai ◽  
Vilas Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
High Uptake ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Global Goal ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Rabies Vaccination

Introduction: To achieve the global goal of canine-mediated human rabies elimination by 2030 there is an urgent need to scale-up mass dog vaccination activities in regions with large dog populations that are difficult to access; a common situation in much of India. Oral rabies vaccination may enable the vaccination of free-roaming dogs that are inaccessible to parenteral vaccination, and is considered a promising complementary measure to parenteral mass dog vaccination campaigns. WHO and OIE have published detailed minimum requirements for rabies vaccines and baits to be used for this purpose, requiring that baits must not only be well-accepted by the target population but must also efficiently release the vaccine in the oral cavity. For oral rabies vaccination approaches to be successful, it is necessary to develop baits which have a high uptake by the target population, are culturally accepted and amenable to mass production. The aim of this study was to compare the interest and uptake rates of meat-based and an egg-based prototype bait constructs by free roaming dogs in Goa, India. Methods: Three teams randomly distributed two prototype baits; an egg-flavoured bait and a commercial meat dog food (gravy) flavoured bait. The outcomes of consumption were recorded and compared between baits and dog variables. Results: A total of 209 egg-bait and 195 gravy-bait distributions were recorded and analysed. No difference (p = 0.99) was found in the percentage of dogs interested in the baits when offered. However, significantly more dogs consumed the egg-bait than the gravy-bait; 77.5% versus 68.7% (p = 0.04). The release of the blue-dyed water inside the sachet in the oral cavity of the animals was significant higher in the dogs consuming an egg-bait compared to the gravy-bait (73.4% versus 56.7%, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The egg-based bait had a high uptake amongst free roaming dogs and also enabled efficient release of the vaccine in the oral cavity, whilst also avoiding culturally relevant materials of bovine or porcine meat products.

scholarly journals Profil Klinis dan Luaran Syok Sepsis pada Pasien Anak yang Dirawat di PICU RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
Yoga Gandha Prasetya ◽  
Indra Ihsan ◽  
Amirah Zatil Izzah
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
One Year

Background. Septic shock is a common pediatric emergency with a high mortality rate. Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical profile and outcome of septic shock in pediatric patients treated at PICU of DR. M. Djamil Padang State General Hospital. Method. This descriptive study used data from medical records, conducted in the Medical Record Department of DR. M. Djamil Padang State General Hospital. The target population was pediatric patients which was diagnosed with septic shock in PICU through 2015 - 2017. Samples were collected by the total sampling technique. Result. During the following study of ninety-one patients septic and forty-eight having septic shock. Children having septic shock were commonly under one year of age, female, low nutritional status, having central neuron system infection of Klebsiella sp, having less than two organ dysfunctions with clinical manifestations of Hyperthermia, Tachycardia, and Tachypnea. Hematological profile found that patients commonly had anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and normal I/T ratio. Shock septic outcomes were found high mortality rate, almost some patients use a ventilator, high inotropic usage, and length of stay in living patients compared to dead. Conclusion. The study concluded that prevalence Septic Shock pediatric still high with higher mortality and also morbidity

scholarly journals Methods used in the 1982, 1993, and 2004 birth cohort studies from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and a description of the socioeconomic conditions of participants' families

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. s371-s380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aluísio J. D. Barros ◽  
Iná S. Santos ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
Cora L. Araújo ◽  
Denise P. Gigante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Adult Lives

Three birth cohorts are currently being followed in Pelotas, Southern Brazil, in order to assess changes in birth conditions, growth, development, morbidity, and infant mortality, as well as the influence of pre- and perinatal factors on the subsequent morbidity of participants in their adult lives. We provide a description of the methodology used for the cohort studies that began in 1982, 1993, and 2004 in Pelotas, and a description of the economic conditions of the families involved. For the three cohorts, similar strategies were used to recruit babies born to mothers living in the municipality's urban area. These included daily visits to maternity hospitals where births were identified, mothers interviewed, and newborns examined. Over this time frame, there has been a significant reduction in the number of births due to declining fertility rates amongst the target population. Salaries (measured as a multiple of the minimum wage) were stable across cohorts, but quality of life indicators - such as the availability of piped water, flushing toilets and refrigerators - showed clear improvements. Mothers' levels of education improved markedly. Important changes in the demographic profile of risk factors and health outcomes are being recorded by the Pelotas cohorts.

scholarly journals Fibromyalgia patients features in the COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 085-091
Author(s):  
Ghadhfan Abdulmajeed Saeed ◽  
Aymen Abdulkareem Othman Alrawi ◽  
Mohammed Rashied Salih
Keyword(s):  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pain Symptoms ◽  
Alcoholic Intake

Background: Early articles on the impaction of the COVID-19 pandemic found persistent related aggressiveness of fibromyalgia in the general population. Methods: A surveillance study about 100 patients suffering from fibromyalgia in Abu-Graib General Hospital, Baghdad during period from June 2020 to March 2021. The target population for were adults, aged 18 years and older, diagnosed with FM for at least one year and no other pain condition. Data including: age, gender, ethnicity, residence, marital status, BMI, and medical history. Results: Approximately, 100 patients completed ≥ 90% of the surveys and their data were analyzed. Females were 70% whereas males constituted 30% of the sample. Above 50 years was the age of the majority of patients. The mean age was 50.7±12.88 years. White color patients were documented in 92%. Smoker patients were 60%. About 29% of patients were alcoholic intake. Approximately, 49% of patients were obese. Comorbidities were recorded in 62% of patients. In relation to morbidity of persons, myocardial infarction reported in 3%, 7% heart diseases, 4% stroke, 10% liver diseases, 1% renal failure, 26% hypertension, 24% diabetes mellitus, 2% chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, 9% tuberculosis, 8% bronchial asthma, 6% rheumatoid arthritis, 4% peptic ulcer, 2% systemic lupus arthromatus, 7% migraine, 31% cancers, 2% psychological diseases, and 4% depression. Patients with fibromyalgia described different pattern of symptoms including: Anxiety (54%), depression (50%), insomnia (65%), memory loss (34%), fatigue (94%), pain (92%), and arthralgia (83%). Conclusion: Persons with a fibromyalgia diagnosis had high levels of self-reported pain, non-pain symptoms, comorbidity and psychological distress. Fibromyalgia diagnosis was associated with gender, education, ethnicity, citizenship and unhealthy behaviors.

scholarly journals The Role of Internal Audit in Risk Management from the Perspective of Risk Managers in the Banking Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-129
Author(s):  
Oday Tamimi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Internal Auditing ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Risk Managers ◽  
Main Factor

The present paper aims to identify the role of internal audit function in risk management from the perspective of risk managers in banks operating in Palestine, with a review of the concept, importance, objectives, and principles of internal audit and its role in risk management for banks. The target population is the risk managers in the banks operating in Palestine. The major findings in the presented paper. First, the main factor in risk management is the risk manager's efficiency, and the internal auditing focuses on evaluating the risk management department and ensuring the efficiency of risk management practices in dealing with these risks. Second, the internal audit departments in the banks operating in Palestine participate in providing advice, suggestions and recommendations for the risk management department. Based on the results, the board of directors and senior management in these banks should continue to pay attention to the risk management department, and the need for coordination between these departments to achieve the best results at the banking and economic levels.

scholarly journals Analysis of Risk Factors for Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection and Its Effect on the Outcome of Early Infection After Kidney Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Jinbiao Zhong ◽  
Handong Ding ◽  
Jiashan Pan ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

BackgroundInfections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. This study was performed to identify the overall prevalence of early infections, prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection after KT, one-year postoperative mortality in patients with early infections and risk factors for CRKP infections.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of all patients who received KT in our hospital between January 2017 and December 2019. We evaluated the demographic, clinical, infection characteristics and the one-year postoperative outcomes.ResultsAmong the 419 patients who received KT between January 2017 and December 2019, 150 patients had at least one infection within 90 days after KT. The total prevalence of early infections was 36.1% (150/415), the prevalence of early CRKP infections was 10.4% (43/415), and the one-year postoperative mortality was 15.3% (23/150) in patients with early infections. The risk factors independently related to one-year postoperative mortality were mechanical ventilation (MV) &gt; 48 h (Odds ratio (OR)= 13.879, 95%Confidence interval (CI): 2.265~85.035; P=0.004) and CRKP infection (OR=6.751, 95% CI: 1.051~43.369; P =0.044). MV&gt; 48 h was independently related to CRKP infection (OR=3.719, 95% CI: 1.024~13.504; P=0.046). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the one-year survival rate of patients infected with CRKP in the early postoperative stage was significantly lower than that of uninfected patients.ConclusionsIn general, the prevalence of early infections after KT is high, and CRKP infection is closely correlated with poor prognosis. The effective prevention and treatment of CRKP infection is an important way to improve the one-year survival rate after KT.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document