An Overview on the Anti-inflammatory Potential and Antioxidant Profile of Eugenol

The bioactive compounds found in foods and medicinal plants are attractive molecules for the development of new drugs with action against several diseases, such as those associated with inflammatory processes, which are commonly related to oxidative stress. Many of these compounds have an appreciable inhibitory effect on oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and may contribute in a preventive way to improve the quality of life through the use of a diet rich in these compounds. Eugenol is a natural compound that has several pharmacological activities, action on the redox status, and applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Considering the importance of this compound, the present review discusses its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, demonstrating its mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Download Full-text

Therapeutic Potential of Vanillin and its Main Metabolites to Regulate the Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1389557519666190312164355 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (20) ◽

pp. 1681-1693 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Carlos S.M. Bezerra-Filho ◽

Joice N. Barboza ◽

Marilia T.S. Souza ◽

Peter Sabry ◽

Nasser S.M. Ismail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Vanillic Acid ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Redox Status ◽

Vanillyl Alcohol ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pharmacologically Active ◽

Pharmacologically Active Compounds

Many phenolic compounds found in foods and medicinal plants have shown interesting therapeutic potential and have attracted the attention of the pharmaceutical industry as promising pharmacologically active compounds in health promotion and disease prevention. Vanillin is a phenolic aldehyde, widely used as a flavoring agent in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. A variety of pharmacological activities has been attributed to this compound and its main metabolites, vanillic acid and vanillyl alcohol, including their anti-inflammatory ability. The relationship of the anti- inflammatory effects of vanillin, vanillic acid, and vanillyl alcohol and their actions on oxidative stress is well established. Considering that the inflammatory process is related to several pathologies, including new diseases with few therapeutic options, and limited efficiency, the search for effective treatment strategies and discovery of new anti-inflammatory agents capable of modulating inflammation becomes necessary. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of vanillin and its main metabolites for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and their actions on redox status. In addition, the molecular docking evaluation of vanillin, its metabolites and isoeugenol were carried out into the phospholipase A2 binding site.

Download Full-text

Dehydroepiandrosterone Protects Endothelial Cells against Inflammatory Events Induced by Urban Particulate Matter and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/382058 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Elizabeth Huerta-García ◽

Angélica Montiél-Dávalos ◽

Ernesto Alfaro-Moreno ◽

Gisela Gutiérrez-Iglesias ◽

Rebeca López-Marure

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Endothelial Cells ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Griess Reagent ◽

Inhibition Of Proliferation ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Particulate matter (PM) and nanoparticles (NPs) induce activation and dysfunction of endothelial cells characterized by inhibition of proliferation, increase of adhesion and adhesion molecules expression, increase of ROS production, and death. DHEA has shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in HUVEC activated with proinflammatory agents. We evaluated if DHEA could protect against some inflammatory events produced by PM10and TiO2NPs in HUVEC. Adhesion was evaluated by a coculture with U937 cells, proliferation by crystal violet staining, and oxidative stress through DCFDA and Griess reagent. PM10and TiO2NPs induced adhesion and oxidative stress and inhibited proliferation of HUVEC; however, when particles were added in combination with DHEA, the effects previously observed were abolished independently from the tested concentrations and the time of addition of DHEA to the cultures. These results indicate that DHEA exerts significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects on the damage induced by particles in HUVEC, suggesting that DHEA could be useful to counteract the harmful effects and inflammatory diseases induced by PM and NPs.

Download Full-text

Therapeutic Potential of Croton Blanchetianus for the Treatment of Gastric Ulcers: A Brief Review

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac126.82198230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 8219-8230

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Medical Science ◽

New Drugs ◽

Gastric Ulcers ◽

Gastroprotective Activity ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

New Applications

Natural products are considered one of the main sources that contribute to advances in research in medical science, in such a way that the elucidation of the mechanism of action enables the industry to design new drugs, providing new applications, inputs, and alternatives for the treatment of various pathologies. Studies show the importance of secondary metabolites, presenting pharmacological, microbiological, and food functions. Given the above, this review aims to describe the importance of studies with natural products, emphasizing the gastroprotective activity of the Croton genus. The genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae) is characteristic of the Brazilian biome, especially in the semiarid climate. The species of the genus have anti-inflammatory and curative properties, correlating their gastroprotective effect. Among the plurality of species, one that has therapeutic and economic potential is Croton blanchetianus. The population widely uses the species as it has medicinal properties, used to prepare teas and compresses, helping with inflammatory processes and pain. Thus, it was observed that Croton species have great potential in anti-inflammatory activity and gastroprotection. Therefore, studies with the Croton blanchetianus species should be deepened regarding this activity, providing greater knowledge about this plant.

Download Full-text

Nardochinoid B Inhibited the Activation of RAW264.7 Macrophages Stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide through Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24132482 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (13) ◽

pp. 2482 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yun-Da Yao ◽

Xiu-Yu Shen ◽

Jorge Machado ◽

Jin-Fang Luo ◽

Yi Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

New Drugs ◽

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Oxide Synthase

Nardochinoid B (NAB) is a new compound isolated from Nardostachys chinensis. Although our previous study reported that the NAB suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells, the specific mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of NAB remains unknown. Thus, we examined the effects of NAB against LPS-induced inflammation. In this study, we found that NAB suppressed the LPS-induced inflammatory responses by restraining the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) proteins and mRNA instead of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein and mRNA in RAW264.7 cells, implying that NAB may have lower side effects compared with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Besides, NAB upregulated the protein and mRNA expressions of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 when it exerted its anti-inflammatory effects. Also, NAB restrained the production of NO by increasing HO-1 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Thus, it is considered that the anti-inflammatory effect of NAB is associated with an induction of antioxidant protein HO-1, and thus NAB may be a potential HO-1 inducer for treating inflammatory diseases. Moreover, our study found that the inhibitory effect of NAB on NO is similar to that of the positive drug dexamethasone, suggesting that NAB has great potential for developing new drugs in treating inflammatory diseases.

Download Full-text

Therapeutic Potential of Volatile Terpenes and Terpenoids from Forests for Inflammatory Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21062187 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 2187 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Taejoon Kim ◽

Bokyeong Song ◽

Kyoung Sang Cho ◽

Im-Soon Lee

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Forested Areas ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Respiratory Inflammation ◽

Volatile Terpenes ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Forest trees are a major source of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Terpenes and terpenoids are known as the main BVOCs of forest aerosols. These compounds have been shown to display a broad range of biological activities in various human disease models, thus implying that forest aerosols containing these compounds may be related to beneficial effects of forest bathing. In this review, we surveyed studies analyzing BVOCs and selected the most abundant 23 terpenes and terpenoids emitted in forested areas of the Northern Hemisphere, which were reported to display anti-inflammatory activities. We categorized anti-inflammatory processes related to the functions of these compounds into six groups and summarized their molecular mechanisms of action. Finally, among the major 23 compounds, we examined the therapeutic potentials of 12 compounds known to be effective against respiratory inflammation, atopic dermatitis, arthritis, and neuroinflammation among various inflammatory diseases. In conclusion, the updated studies support the beneficial effects of forest aerosols and propose their potential use as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents for treating various inflammatory diseases.

Download Full-text

Physical Exercise as a Modulator of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Atherosclerotic Plaque

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2020/v32i1930666 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 36-44

Author(s):

Matheus Ribeiro Bizuti ◽

Débora Meneghel ◽

Eduardo de Camargo Schwede ◽

Laura Nyland Jost ◽

Débora Tavares de Resende e Silva

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Subendothelial Space ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Accumulation Of Lipids ◽

Regular Physical Exercise

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and reduced quality of life worldwide. One of the main risks to the development of cardiovascular diseases is inflammatory diseases, which are related to oxidative stress, among them, atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis consists of a process of chronic inflammation, in which the accumulation of lipids occurs in the subendothelial space of the tunica intima of large caliber vessels. This is due to the accumulation of fibrous elements and inflammatory cells. Thus, regular physical exercise contributes to improving the body's immune defenses, while modulating inflammatory processes. In addition, physical activity is responsible for increasing the production of antioxidant enzymes, increasing the synthesis of nitric oxide, decreasing oxidative stress and decreasing systemic inflammation. Thus, physical exercise directly changes the genesis of atherosclerosis.

Download Full-text

Structurally Related Edaravone Analogues: Synthesis, Antiradical, Antioxidant, and Copper-Chelating Properties

CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871527318666191114092007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 779-790 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexandre LeBlanc ◽

Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf ◽

Pier Jr. Morin ◽

Mohamed Touaibia

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Therapeutic Options ◽

Partial Charge ◽

Associated Diseases ◽

Significant Interest ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

Background:: The current therapeutic options available to patients diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are limited and edaravone is a compound that has gained significant interest for its therapeutic potential in this condition. Objectives: : The current work was thus undertaken to synthesize and characterize a series of edaravone analogues. Methods: A total of 17 analogues were synthesized and characterized for their antioxidant properties, radical scavenging potential and copper-chelating capabilities. Results: Radical scavenging and copper-chelating properties were notably observed for edaravone. Analogues bearing hydrogen in position 1 and a phenyl at position 3 and a phenyl in both positions of pyrazol-5 (4H)-one displayed substantial radical scavenging, antioxidants and copper-chelating properties. High accessibility of electronegative groups combined with higher electronegativity and partial charge of the carbonyl moiety in edaravone might explain the observed difference in the activity of edaravone relative to the closely related analogues 6 and 7 bearing hydrogen at position 1 and a phenyl at position 3 (6) and a phenyl in both positions (7). Conclusion: Overall, this study reveals a subset of edaravone analogues with interesting properties. Further investigation of these compounds is foreseen in relevant models of oxidative stress-associated diseases in order to assess their therapeutic potential in such conditions.

Download Full-text

Nutraceutical Supplementation Ameliorates Visual Function, Retinal Degeneration, and Redox Status in rd10 Mice

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10071033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1033

Author(s):

Lorena Olivares-González ◽

Sheyla Velasco ◽

Isabel Campillo ◽

David Salom ◽

Emilio González-García ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Retinal Degeneration ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Photoreceptor Cells ◽

Redox Status ◽

Inherited Retinal Dystrophies ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Retinal Dystrophies ◽

Progressive Degeneration ◽

Light Stimuli

Background: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited retinal dystrophies characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptor cells. Ocular redox status is altered in RP suggesting oxidative stress could contribute to their progression. In this study, we investigated the effect of a mixture of nutraceuticals with antioxidant properties (NUT) on retinal degeneration in rd10 mice, a model of RP. Methods: NUT was orally administered to rd10 mice from postnatal day (PD) 9 to PD18. At PD18 retinal function and morphology were examined by electroretinography (ERG) and histology including TUNEL assay, immunolabeling of microglia, Müller cells, and poly ADP ribose polymers. Retinal redox status was determined by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes and some oxidative stress markers. Gene expression of the cytokines IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β was assessed by real-time PCR. Results: NUT treatment delayed the loss of photoreceptors in rd10 mice partially preserving their electrical responses to light stimuli. Moreover, it ameliorated redox status and reduced inflammation including microglia activation, upregulation of cytokines, reactive gliosis, and PARP overactivation. Conclusions: NUT ameliorated retinal functionality and morphology at early stages of RP in rd10 mice. This formulation could be useful as a neuroprotective approach for patients with RP in the future.

Download Full-text

Biological Properties and Prospects for the Application of Eugenol—A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073671 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3671

Author(s):

Magdalena Ulanowska ◽

Beata Olas

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Aromatic Compound ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Clove Oil ◽

Current State ◽

Potential Component ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

High Concentrations

Eugenol is a phenolic aromatic compound obtained mainly from clove oil. Due to its known antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it has long been used in various areas, such as cosmetology, medicine, and pharmacology. However, high concentrations can be toxic. A dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight is regarded as safe. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the activities and application of eugenol and its derivatives and recent research of these compounds. This review is based on information concerning eugenol characteristics and recent research from articles in PubMed. Eugenol remains of great interest to researchers, since its multidirectional action allows it to be a potential component of drugs and other products with therapeutic potential against a range of diseases.

Download Full-text

Dibenzoylthiamine Has Powerful Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Cultured Cells and in Mouse Models of Stress and Neurodegeneration

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines8090361 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 361

Author(s):

Margaux Sambon ◽

Anna Gorlova ◽

Alice Demelenne ◽

Judit Alhama-Riba ◽

Bernard Coumans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Cell Line ◽

Mouse Models ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Motor Dysfunction ◽

Oxidative Stress Marker ◽

Bv2 Cells ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Thiamine precursors, the most studied being benfotiamine (BFT), have protective effects in mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases. BFT decreased oxidative stress and inflammation, two major characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases, in a neuroblastoma cell line (Neuro2a) and an immortalized brain microglial cell line (BV2). Here, we tested the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the hitherto unexplored derivative O,S-dibenzoylthiamine (DBT) in these two cell lines. We show that DBT protects Neuro2a cells against paraquat (PQ) toxicity by counteracting oxidative stress at low concentrations and increases the synthesis of reduced glutathione and NADPH in a Nrf2-independent manner. In BV2 cells activated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), DBT significantly decreased inflammation by suppressing translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus. Our results also demonstrate the superiority of DBT over thiamine and other thiamine precursors, including BFT, in all of the in vitro models. Finally, we show that the chronic administration of DBT arrested motor dysfunction in FUS transgenic mice, a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and it reduced depressive-like behavior in a mouse model of ultrasound-induced stress in which it normalized oxidative stress marker levels in the brain. Together, our data suggest that DBT may have therapeutic potential for brain pathology associated with oxidative stress and inflammation by novel, coenzyme-independent mechanisms.

Download Full-text