scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Presence of Adequately Iodized Salt at Home in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia: Community Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondimagegn Paulos Kumma ◽  
Yusuf Haji ◽  
Junayde Abdurahmen ◽  
Yohannes Mehretie Adinew
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wolaita Sodo ◽  
At Home

Background. Universal use of iodized salt is a simple and inexpensive method to prevent and eliminate iodine deficiency disorders like mental retardation. However, little is known about the level of adequately iodized salt consumption in the study area. Therefore, the study was aimed at assessing the proportion of households having adequately iodized salt and associated factors in Wolaita Sodo town and its peripheries, Southern Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 10 to 20, 2016, in 441 households in Sodo town and its peripheries. Samples were selected using the systematic sampling technique. An iodometric titration method (AOAC, 2000) was used to analyze the iodine content of the salt samples. Data entry and analysis were done using Epi Info version 3.5.1 and SPSS version 16, respectively. Result. The female to male ratio of the respondents was 219. The mean age of the respondents was 30.2 (±7.3 SD). The proportion of households having adequately iodized salt was 37.7%, with 95% CI of 33.2% to 42.2%. Not exposing salt to sunlight with [OR: 3.75; 95% CI: 2.14, 6.57], higher monthly income [OR: 3.71; 95% CI: 1.97–7.01], and formal education of respondents with [OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.70] were found associated with the presence of adequately iodized salt at home. Conclusion. This study revealed low levels of households having adequately iodized salt in Wolaita Sodo town and its peripheries. The evidence here shows that there is a need to increase the supply of adequately iodized salt to meet the goal for monitoring progress towards sustainable elimination of IDD.

scholarly journals Assessment of Anti-TB Drug Nonadherence and Associated Factors among TB Patients Attending TB Clinics in Arba Minch Governmental Health Institutions, Southern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addisu Alemayehu Gube ◽  
Megbaru Debalkie ◽  
Kalid Seid ◽  
Kiberalem Bisete ◽  
Asfaw Mengesha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence Scale ◽  
Health Institutions

Background. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nonadherence to anti-TB treatment may result in the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB, prolonged infectiousness, and poor tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Ethiopia is one of the seven countries that reported lower rates of treatment success (84%). This study assessed anti-TB drug nonadherence and associated factors among TB patients in Arba Minch governmental health institutions. Methods. An institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted from April 15 to May 30, 2017. A systematic sampling technique was employed to select the study subjects. Data was collected using a semistructured questionnaire with Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8) and was entered, cleaned, and analyzed in SPSS version 20. Results. The study included 271 TB patients with a response rate of 96.4%; 58.3% were males and 64.9% were Gamo by ethnicity. The overall nonadherence was 67 (24.7%) (CI = 20.0–30.4). Nonadherence was high if the patients experienced side effects (AOR = 13.332; 95% CI = 2.282–77.905), were far from the health facility (AOR = 21.830; 95% CI = 0.054–77.500), and experienced prolonged waiting time to get medical services (AOR = 14.260; 95% CI = 2.135–95.241). Conclusions. The proportion of TB patients that did not adhere to anti-TB drugs was high in Arba Minch governmental health institutions.

scholarly journals Breast Feeding Practice: Positioning and Attachment during Breast Feeding among Lactating Mothers Visiting Health Facility in Areka Town, Southern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nega Degefa ◽  
Befikadu Tariku ◽  
Takalign Bancha ◽  
Gizachew Amana ◽  
Abdo Hajo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lactating Mothers

Background. Breastfeeding is the act of milk conveyance from the mother to the infant. Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood are mandatory to ensure growth, health, and development of children to their maximum potential. The positioning of the baby’s body is important for maintaining good attachment and successful breastfeeding. Most difficulties of breastfeeding can be avoided altogether if good attachment and positioning can be achieved at the first and early feeds. Plenty of studies have been conducted to explore factors affecting breastfeeding practice in general; however, there is a meagerness of evidence that assesses factors affecting attachment and positioning during breastfeeding specifically. Therefore, the current study was aimed to assess positioning and attachment during breastfeeding among lactating mothers visiting health facilities of Areka town. Methods. an institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted by using observational checklist adopted from the World Health Organization breastfeeding observation form. Maternal-related characteristics were collected by using a structured and pretested questionnaire. The study was conducted from April to June 2017. Respondents were selected by using a systematic random sampling technique. Descriptive summaries were done to present pertinent findings and a chi-square test was used to check association between variables. Result. There was poorer positioning among primipara mothers (47.1%) than multipara mothers (28.7%). A poor attachment was also more apparent among primipara mothers which were more (31.1%) than the multipara (27.1%) mothers. Conclusion. Younger mothers (<20 years old), the primipara, and those who have no formal education deserve more attention, support, and direction to make sure that they can achieve proper positioning and attachment during breastfeeding at the first and early feeds.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Goiter and Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Demba Gofa Woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Befikaduwa Zekarias ◽  
Frehiwot Mesfin ◽  
Bezatu Mengiste ◽  
Adane Tesfaye ◽  
Lemma Getacher
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background. Iodine deficiency disorder is a major public health problem in Ethiopia that is more common in women of reproductive age. However, it is not well addressed and there is a lack of information on its prevalence and associated factors in women of reproductive age group. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess goiter prevalence and associated factors among women of reproductive age in the Demba Gofa woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was used among 584 randomly selected women in the reproductive age group from February 05 to April 20, 2016. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study kebeles, and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study samples. Data were collected through a pretested questionnaire, and the goiter examination was done clinically for each participant. The collected data were coded and entered into a computer for statistical analysis using EpiData version 3.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Variables with a P value ≤0.25 in bivariate logistic regression analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis, and finally, variables with a P value <0.05 in multivariate logistic regression were considered significantly associated with the dependent variable. Results. The total goiter rate was 43%, 95% CI = 39.2–46.9. Cassava consumption (AOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.03–4), salt wash before use (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.1–11.3), salt use after >2 months of purchase (AOR: 11, 95% CI: 5–26), family history of goiter (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.4–15.8), and poor knowledge of iodized salt (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4–5.5) were significant factors associated with goiter. Conclusion. Iodine deficiency was found to be severe in women of reproductive age in the study area. This showed that women of reproductive age, especially during pregnancy, are exposed to iodine deficiency and its adverse effects at delivery. Thus, they need urgent supplementation with iodine, improved access to foods rich in iodine, and intake of iodized salt. Additionally, health education should focus on the importance of iodized salt, the proper method of use, and the prevention of iodine deficiency, which are highly recommended to minimize the problem.

scholarly journals Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt at Household Level and Associated Factors in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailay Gebrearegawi Gebremariam ◽  
Melkie Edris Yesuf ◽  
Digsu Negese Koye
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
And Control

Background. Iodine deficiency has serious effects on body growth and mental development. This study assessed availability of adequately iodized salt at household level and associated factors in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia. Methods. Community based cross-sectional study was carried out among households in Gondar town during August 15–25, 2012. Multistage sampling technique was used. Data were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire by a face-to-face interview technique. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to check associations and control confounding. Results. A total of 810 participants were participated. The availability of adequately iodized salt (≥15 parts per million) in the study area was 28.9%. Multivariate analysis showed that using packed salt (AOR (95% CI) = 9.75 (5.74, 16.56)), not exposing salt to sunlight (AOR (95% CI) = 7.26 (3.73, 14.11)), shorter storage of salt at household (AOR (95% CI) = 3.604 (1.402, 9.267)) and good knowledge of participants about iodized salt (AOR (95% CI) = 1.94 (1.23, 3.05)) were associated with availability of adequately iodized salt at household level. Conclusions. Availability of adequately iodized salt at household level was very low. Hence, households should be sensitized about importance of iodized salt and its proper handling at the household level.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sexual violence and its associated factors among housemaids attending evening schools in urban settings of Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia: A school based cross sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258953
Author(s):  
Kalkidan Gezahegn ◽  
Selamawit Semagn ◽  
Mohammed Feyisso Shaka
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based

Background Housemaids are the most vulnerable group to sexual violence due to their working condition, isolation and school arrangements. Despite the ubiquity of sexual violence among the domestic work sector, particularly among housemaids, this area of research continues to be neglected. This study was aimed at examining the prevalence and factors pertaining to sexual violence among housemaids attending night school program in urban setups of Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Method A school based quantitative cross sectional study was conducted among 394 housemaids attending night schools in the urban setups of Gedeo Zone from April to May 2019. After stratifying of students using class grade, SRS technique was used to choose study subjects from each stratum. Quantitative data was collected using face to face interview and qualitative was collected using focus group discussion, in-depth interview and key informant interview. The data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression was fitted to determine the association of each independent variable with the dependent variable. Result Based on the finding, the prevalence of sexual violence was 60.2%. The odds of experiencing sexual violence through working life-time as housemaid was higher for those who had migrated from rural to urban for work [AOR = 1.97: 95% CI, (1.07,3.63)], had less than 5 years of experience as housemaid [AOR = 3.10: 95% CI, (1.60, 6.00)], were in the age group of 15–19 [AOR = 3.75:95% CI (1.88, 7.46), ever used alcohol [AOR = 6.77: 95% CI, (2.65,17.33)] and whose fathers lacked formal education [AOR = 2.75:95%CI (1.24,6.08)]. On the other hand, unmarried /housemaids having no regular sexual partner were less likely to face sexual violence [AOR. = 0.28: 95% CI, (0.13, 0.57)]. Conclusion The level of sexual violence was found to be high among housemaids attending night schools in in this study. Housemaids from rural area, those newly starting the work, younger housemaids, and those who were married were more likely to be victims of sexual violence.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KADAR IODIUM GARAM KONSUMSI DAN TINGKAT KONSUMSI IODIUM DENGAN KADAR EKSKRESI IODIUM URIN WANITA USIA SUBUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Hepi Diah Apika ◽  
Endo Dardjito ◽  
Dyah Umiyarni Purnamasari
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Food Recall

Abstract The purpose of this study analyze the relationship between the iodine content of salt consumption and the level of consumption of iodine levels in women of childbearing age UIE. The study was observational with cross sectional design. The research location in the village of Kebumen, Baturraden subdistrict, Banyumas. Subjects were 38 selected by simple random sampling technique. The consumption level of iodine was measured by the method of Food Recall 2x24 hours. Salt iodine content was measured by iodometric titration method and UIE levels measured by acid digestion method in the laboratory BP2GAKI Magelang. Data analysis using spearman correlation. A total of 71.1% women of childbearing age using the iodine content of salt consumption of <30 ppm. The consumption level of iodine less subject category (86.8%). UIE levels by an average of 156.50 μg/L category of normal iodine intake. There was no relationship with the iodine content of salt UIE levels (p=0.671). No correlation with levels of iodine consumption levels UIE (p=0.586). Levels of UIE women of childbearing age are not affected by the iodine content of salt and iodine consumption levels.   Keywords: Iodized salt, consumption levels, UIE   Abstrak   Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan kadar yodium konsumsi garam dan tingkat konsumsi kadar yodium pada wanita usia subur UIE. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di desa Kebumen, Kecamatan Baturraden, Banyumas. Subjek penelitian dipilih dengan teknik simple random sampling. Tingkat konsumsi yodium diukur dengan metode Food Recall 2x24 jam. Kandungan garam yodium diukur dengan metode titrasi iodometrik dan tingkat UIE yang diukur dengan metode pencernaan asam di laboratorium BP2GAKI Magelang. Analisis data menggunakan korelasi spearman. Sebanyak 71,1% wanita usia subur menggunakan kandungan yodium konsumsi garam <30 ppm. Tingkat konsumsi kategori subjek kurang yodium (86,8%). Tingkat UIE rata-rata 156,50 μg / L kategori asupan yodium normal. Tidak ada hubungan dengan kadar yodium kadar garam UIE (p = 0,671). Tidak ada korelasi dengan tingkat kadar konsumsi yodium UIE (p = 0,586). Tingkat wanita UIE pada usia subur tidak terpengaruh oleh kadar yodium tingkat konsumsi garam dan yodium.  Kata kunci: garam beryodium, tingkat konsumsi, UIE

scholarly journals An evaluation of compliance with the cigarettes and other tobacco products act 2003 in Koppal district, Karnataka

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 3113
Author(s):  
Vijaykumar P. Mane ◽  
Yuvaraj Bhanot Yenkanaik ◽  
Shankrappa Dhanapur ◽  
Sangappa Yallammanavar ◽  
Rashmi Sreenivasamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products

Background: Tobacco is a major risk factor for a number of diseases affecting all age groups. One person dies every six seconds due to tobacco use and up to half of current users will eventually die of a tobacco-related disease. Government of India has enacted cigarette and other tobacco products act (COTPA) in the year 2003 to control tobacco use. The objective of study was to estimate the level of compliance to selected sections (4 to 9) of COTPA (cigarette and other tobacco products – prohibition of advertisement and regulation of trade and commerce, production, supply and distribution) act, 2003 in Koppal district, Karnataka.Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study conducted as an independent evaluation of COTPA act 2003 in Koppal district as per National Tobacco Control Program guidelines. Cluster sampling technique was used for sample selection and sample consisted of 158 public places, 102 educational institutional, 87 shops/ sell points and 60 tobacco products. Data entry and analysis was done using microsoft office excel 2013.Results: The prevalence of compliance to section 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7, 8 and 9 of COTPA act 2003 in Koppal district were 80.3%, 96.5%, 98.9%, 64.8%, 53.3%, 63.3% and 50% respectively.Conclusions: Compliance level was poor especially in relation to display of health warnings on tobacco products which needs to be tackled through strict enforcement of the existing laws.

Gender Differences in Knowledge and Risk Perception towards HIV/AIDS among Rohingyas in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihabul Islam ◽  
Shah Ehsan Habib
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Rohingyas living in refugee camps of Bangladesh have been identified as a high-risk group for HIV transmission. This study aimed to assess gender differences in risk perception towards HIV/AIDS among Rohingyas in Cox’s Bazar. Methods: A cross-sectional design was adopted to assess the level of risk perception towards HIV/AIDS. This analysis utilizes data from a survey of 130 Rohingya people through face-to-face interviews utilizing a 28-item HIV-Knowledge Questionnaire. A systematic sampling technique was used to accomplish data collection survey. Analyzing was done by SPSS 25. Results: Only 41.8% of males and 58.2% of females had a good knowledge score (8 out of 11 items) regarding the transmission of HIV. Knowledge is significantly associated with female gender (χ2 = 8.927, p < 0.005). Gender differences were also significantly associated with the perceived risk of contracting HIV/AIDS in the future (p < 0.001). When rank averages were investigated, perceived risk of contracting HIV/AIDS score of the female participants (mean rank = 76.71) appeared to be higher compared to the score of male participants (mean rank = 54.29). Conclusion: Female Rohingyas perceive a higher risk of contracting HIV/AIDS than male Rohingyas. Programs should address harmful gender norms, HIV testing and education emphasizing the risks involved in transactional sex within the camps.

Improving Practice of Institutional Delivery in Southern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejene Kassa ◽  
Henok Tadele ◽  
Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse ◽  
Akalewold Alemayehu ◽  
Teshome Abuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Delivery ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Skilled Birth Attendance ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Birth Attendance ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Institutional delivery service utilization is one of the key and proven interventions to reduce maternal death. It ensures safe birth, reduces both actual and potential complications, and decreases maternal and newborn death. However, a significant proportion of deliveries in developing countries including Ethiopia occurs at home and is not attended by skilled birth attendants. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of home delivery and associated factors in three districts in Sidama Zone.Methods A cross sectional survey was conducted from 15th- 20th October 2018. A multi-stage sampling design was employed to select 507 women who gave birth 12 months preceding the survey. Quantitative data were collected by using structured, interviewer administered questionnaires. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were run to assess factors associated with home delivery. Measures of association between factors and the outcome variable were reported using 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs).Results The response rate was 495(97.6%). The overall prevalence of home delivery was 113 (28%) with 95%CI (19%, 27%). Maternal rural residence, aOR=7.45(95%CI: 2.23-24.83); illiteracy of mothers, aOR=8.78 (95% CI: 2.33-33.01); those who completed grades 1-4, aOR =3.81(95% CI: 1.16-12.49); mothers who did not know the expected date of delivery, aOR=2.12 (95% CI: 1.21-3.71); mother being merchant, aOR=3.01(95%CI:1.44-6.3) and paternal illiteracy, aOR=3.27, (95% CI: 1.20-8.88) were predictors of home birth.Conclusion The prevalence of skilled birth attendance in the study area has improved from the EDHS 2016 report of 26%. Uneducated, rural and merchant mothers were more likely to deliver at home. Interventions targeting rural and uneducated mothers might help to increase skilled birth attendance in the region.

Prevalence of alcohol use and associated factors among Dilla University Students, Dilla Town, Southern Ethiopia. 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yigrem Ali Chekole
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The University

Abstract Introduction Compared to other deadly communicable diseases, Psychoactive Substance use is among the leading cause of death. Repeated use linked to addiction, dependence and predisposition for criminal and antisocial behaviors. Even though drug use in Africa relatively is short; however the abuse of drug in Africa is escalating rapidly. Substances use is also one of the most burning and growing public health problems in Ethiopia, as in many developing countries; alcohol is the most frequently used substance. Objective To Assess the Prevalence of alcohol Use and Associated factors among Dilla University undergraduate students in Southern Ethiopia. 2018. Methods An Institution based cross -sectional study was conducted at Dilla University among undergraduate regular students from January-February. Systematic random sampling technique was used to get a total of 803 samples of students from each year and department of the university. The collected data was coded, entered in to EPI-INFO version7.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Crude and adjusted OR were analyzed using logistic regression and the level of significance of association was determined at P- value <0.05. Result A total of 803 participants were interviewed with a response rate of 91.7%. Among the Participants, alcohol use was found to be 67.6%. (41.8%; n=336). Being 4 th year students (AOR =2.66, 95% CI: 1.64, 4.31), having friends who use substance (AOR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.1), being Khat user (AOR= 1.48, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.09) and being Cigarette smoker (AOR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.84) were found to be significantly associated with alcohol use. Conclusion Half of the participants found to have alcohol use. Therefore, early prevention, detection and alleviating of alcohol use should be implemented among students in the university.

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