Antimicrobial resistance patterns of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from feces of non-diarrheic dogs in Grenada, West Indies

Background and Aim: There is currently no published information on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of commensal Escherichia coli in dogs of Grenada origin. Monitoring antimicrobial resistance helps in the empirical selection of antibiotics. This study determined the occurrence of E. coli including the O157:H7 serotype in feces of non-diarrheic dogs of Grenada origin and the antibiotic resistance pattern of the E. coli isolates. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples from 142 of the 144 (98.6%) dogs were culture positive for E. coli. Selection of up to three colonies from each of the 142 E. coli-positive samples yielded a total of 402 E. coli isolates, which were analyzed for the presence of non-sorbitol fermenting colonies, and O157-agglutination. Results: Of the 402 E. coli isolates, 30 (7.5%) were non-sorbitol fermenters. However, none of the 402 isolates gave a positive reaction (O157:H7) to the E. coli O157:H7 latex kit. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests against 12 antibiotics revealed low resistance rates to all the tested antibiotics except for tetracycline (Te) (23.4%), cephalothin (CF) (13.2%), and ampicillin (AM) (7.7%). Thirty-nine out of the 402 (9.7%), E. coli isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics of different classes. Conclusion: This is the first report of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibilities of commensal E. coli from non-diarrheic dogs in Grenada. Some of the isolates (39/402 isolates, 9.7%) were resistant to multiple antibiotics. This study showed that presently, dogs in Grenada should not be considered a reservoir for the E. coli O157:H7 serotype and for multiple antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains. Among the 402 E. coli isolates, the resistance rate to drugs other than Te, CF, and AM was very low.

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Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Grain-Fed Veal Meat from Southern Ontario, Canada

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-483 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 74 (8) ◽

pp. 1245-1251 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

ANGELA COOK ◽

RICHARD J. REID-SMITH ◽

REBECCA J. IRWIN ◽

SCOTT A. McEWEN ◽

VIRGINIA YOUNG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽

E Coli ◽

Testing Resistance ◽

Resistance Patterns

This study estimated the prevalence of Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli isolates in fresh retail grain-fed veal obtained in Ontario, Canada. The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns were examined for points of public health significance. Veal samples (n = 528) were collected from February 2003 through May 2004. Twenty-one Salmonella isolates were recovered from 18 (4%) of 438 samples and underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was found in 6 (29%) of 21 Salmonella isolates; 5 (24%) of 21 isolates were resistant to five or more antimicrobials. No resistance to antimicrobials of very high human health importance was observed. Ampicillin-chloramphenicol-streptomycin-sulfamethoxazole-tetracycline resistance was found in 5 (3%) of 21 Salmonella isolates. Campylobacter isolates were recovered from 5 (1%) of 438 samples; 6 isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was documented in 3 (50%) of 6 Campylobacter isolates. No Campylobacter isolates were resistant to five or more antimicrobials or category I antimicrobials. E. coli isolates were recovered from 387 (88%) of 438 samples; 1,258 isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was found in 678 (54%) of 1,258 E. coli isolates; 128 (10%) of 1,258 were resistant to five or more antimicrobials. Five (0.4%) and 7 (0.6%) of 1,258 E. coli isolates were resistant to ceftiofur and ceftriaxone, respectively, while 34 (3%) of 1,258 were resistant to nalidixic acid. Ciprofloxacin resistance was not detected. There were 101 different resistance patterns observed among E. coli isolates; resistance to tetracycline alone (12.7%, 161 of 1,258) was most frequently observed. This study provides baseline prevalence and antimicrobial resistance data and highlights potential public health concerns.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Different Clinical Isolates against Third-Generation Cephalosporins

Journal of Pharmaceutics ◽

10.1155/2018/5070742 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fanta Gashe ◽

Eshetu Mulisa ◽

Mekidim Mekonnen ◽

Gemechu Zeleke

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Generation Cephalosporin ◽

Third Generation ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽

Susceptibility Tests ◽

Jimma University

Background. Drug resistant microorganisms lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality as they boost the risk of inappropriate therapy. Hence, data on antimicrobial resistance help define the best possible treatment for individual patients. Therefore, this study aimed to screen the antimicrobial resistant profile of 3rd generation cephalosporin drugs in Jimma University Specialized Teaching Hospital. Methods. A hospital based prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH) from April to August 2016. The clinical samples such as wound swab, urine, sputum, and stool were collected from hospitalized patients. Then, bacterial species were isolated and identified as per the standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out using various antimicrobial discs by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Results. Totally, 248 bacterial isolates were obtained from 154 (62.1%) male and 94 (37.9%) female patients. Escherichia coli (25.4%) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.0 %) were the predominant organisms isolated from specimens. About 140 (56.5%) and 149 (60.1%) of the total bacterial isolates were found to be resistant to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, respectively. The majority of Escherichia coli isolates 46 (73%) were resistant to ceftriaxone and 41 (65%) of them were resistant to ceftazidime. Staphylococcus aureus, which accounted 19% of the total bacterial isolates, showed 23.4% and 34% resistance to ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, respectively. Among the bacterial strains revealing resistant to ceftriazone and ceftazidime, about 109 (44%) and 108 (43.5%) of them were resistant to two, three, or four other drugs, respectively. Conclusion. Bacterial resistance towards third-generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone and ceftazidime) is escalating as more than half of the isolated strains demonstrated resistance to these drugs. Moreover, these strains also revealed multidrug resistance mainly against clinically used drugs which could render therapy unsuccessful. Therefore, in clinical use appropriate medications should be selected based on the data obtained from antimicrobial susceptibility tests.

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Antibiotic resistance patterns of intestinal Escherichia coli isolates from Nicaraguan children

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.020842-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 216-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Erick Amaya ◽

Daniel Reyes ◽

Samuel Vilchez ◽

Margarita Paniagua ◽

Roland Möllby ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Aetiological Agent ◽

Infantile Diarrhoea ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽

Children Under 5

In developing countries, diarrhoeal diseases are one of the major causes of death in children under 5 years of age. It is known that diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is an important aetiological agent of infantile diarrhoea in Nicaragua. However, there are no recent studies on antimicrobial resistance among intestinal E. coli isolates in Nicaraguan children. The aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern in a collection of 727 intestinal E. coli isolates from the faeces of children in León, Nicaragua, between March 2005 and September 2006. All samples had been screened previously for the presence of DEC by multiplex PCR. Three hundred and ninety-five non-DEC isolates (270 from children with diarrhoea and 125 from children without diarrhoea) and 332 DEC isolates (241 from children with diarrhoea and 91 from children without diarrhoea) were analysed in this study. In general, antimicrobial resistance among the 727 intestinal E. coli isolates was high for ampicillin (60 %), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (64 %) and chloramphenicol (11 %). Among individual E. coli categories, enteroaggregative E. coli isolates from children with and without diarrhoea exhibited significantly higher levels of resistance (P<0.05) to ampicillin and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole compared to the other E. coli categories. Resistance to ceftazidime and/or ceftriaxone and a pattern of multi-resistance was related to CTX-M-5- or CTX-M-15-producing E. coli isolates. The results suggest that E. coli isolates from Nicaraguan children have not reached the high levels of resistance to the most common antibiotics used for diarrhoea treatment as in other countries.

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Prevalence and antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Septic wounds among Patients attending Uganda Martyrs’ Hospital Lubaga.

10.51168/sjhrafrica.v2i6.44 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Richard Musoke ◽

Nathan Musisi Lubowa

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Wound Infections ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Etiologic Agents ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽

Susceptibility Tests

Background: Wound infections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Etiologic agents of wound infections vary with geographical locations. Pathogens that infect wounds can be part of normal flora or acquired from the hospital environment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of wound infections, investigate the profile of pathogens cultured from an infected wound and determine their antimicrobial resistance pattern to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Uganda Martyrs’ Hospital Lubaga from March 2020 to May 2020. Swabs from different types of wounds were processed to investigate etiologic agents using the standard microbiological technique. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using a simple disc diffusion technique. Results: Out of 210 wound swab samples analyzed, 125(59.5%) were culture positive. 20(16%) of the culture had mixed infections and a total of 238 bacteria were isolated from 205 cases. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated pathogen which accounted for 94 (75.2%) of isolates followed by Proteus 11 (8.8%). The sensitivity rates of Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and gentamicin were 80.6%, 80.6%, and 74.2% respectively. Conclusions and recommendation: S. aureus and Proteus were the predominant causes of wound infections. Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and Gentamicin were the most effective drugs. Periodic surveillance of the species of bacteria involved in wound infection and determination of their antimicrobial resistance is recommended for empirical treatment.

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Clinical Risk Factors And Multi-Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern In Community-Acquired Outpatient Urinary Tract Isolates of Escherichia Coli

Internal Medicine Review ◽

10.18103/imr.v2i7.138 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (7) ◽

Author(s):

M. Nadeem Ahmed ◽

Debby Vannoy ◽

Ann Frederick ◽

Xuan Bi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Font Size ◽

E Coli ◽

Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽

Urinary Isolates

Objective: To evaluate multi-antimicrobial resistance pattern of Escherichia coli (E. coli) urinary isolates and the risk factors associated with commonly prescribed antibiotics in emergency department and primary care clinics. Method This is a cross-sectional study of patients 18 to 65 years of age reported to have E. coli positive urinary tract infections (UTIs) whose medical and laboratory records were systematically reviewed. Results: Overall, 37.7% E. coli urinary isolates were resistant to ampicillin, 18.3% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), and 7.8% to ciprofloxacin. About 21% isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates from outpatient urine sample were frequently resistant to ampicillin (81.5%), and TMP/SMX (58.2%). The concurrent resistance rate of ciprofloxacin was about 8 times more frequent (24.8% vs. 3.1%) than nitrofurantoin among TMP/SMX-resistant E. coli urinary isolates. Patients with histories of genitourinary abnormalities were 1.59 times (CI 1.27-1.98) more likely have E. coli isolates resistant to TMP/SMX, and 2.35 times more likely (CI 1.79-3.09) to ciprofloxacin. Diabetic patients were at increased risk for resistance to TMP/SMX (OR 1.37,CI 1.14-1.65) and ciprofloxacin (OR 2.51,CI 2.00-3.16). Obesity is significantly associated with ciprofloxacin resistance (OR 1.68,CI 1.34-2.09). TMP/SMX and ciprofloxacin resistance rate increased gradually with the number of previous UTIs, hospitalizations, and antibiotic prescriptions. Conclusions: Ciprofloxacin resistant isolates of E. coli from urine were frequently multi-drug resistant and TMP/SMX can induce ciprofloxacin resistant. In addition to demographic factors, history of genitourinary abnormalities, diabetes, obesity, number of hospitalizations, previous diagnosis of UTIs, antibiotic prescriptions in previous 6 months are risk factors for antimicrobial resistance.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Diffusion in Conventional, Organic and Antibiotic-Free Meat Chickens at Slaughter

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10071215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1215 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laura Musa ◽

Patrizia Casagrande Proietti ◽

Raffaella Branciari ◽

Laura Menchetti ◽

Sara Bellucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Close Contact ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Production Cycle ◽

E Coli ◽

Organic Farming Systems ◽

Skin Samples

As a result of public health concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance in animal-based food products, conventional poultry companies have turned to ‘raised without antibiotics’ (ABF) and organic farming systems. In this work, we evaluated the influence of rearing systems on antimicrobial susceptibility in E. coli and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESLB) E. coli diffusion in conventional (C), organic (O) and antibiotic free (ABF) chicken samples collected from cloacal swabs and skin samples in slaughterhouse. The E. coli isolates from conventional (135), antibiotic-free (131) and organic (140) samples were submitted to the Kirby–Bauer method and ESBL E. coli were analyzed by the microdilution test. Conventional samples showed the highest number of strains resistant to ampicillin (89.6%; p < 0.01), cefotaxime (43.7%; p < 0.01), nalidixic acid (57.8%; p < 0.01), ciprofloxacin (44.4%; p < 0.001), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (62.2%; p < 0.01), with patterns of multi-resistance to three (35.1%) and to four antimicrobials (31.3%), whereas most of the E. coli isolated from antibiotic-free and organic chicken samples revealed a co-resistance pattern (29.2% and 39%, respectively). The highest number of ESBL E. coli was observed in conventional, in both cloacal and skin samples and the lowest in organic (p < 0.001). Our results are consistent with the effect of conventional farming practices on E. coli antimicrobial resistance and ESBL E. coli number, due to the use of antimicrobials and close contact with litter for most of the production cycle.

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The Pattern of Antibiotic Prescription and Antimicrobial Resistance of Gut Flora Escherichia coli at Aisyiyah Hospital, Bojonegoro

Folia Medica Indonesiana ◽

10.20473/fmi.v56i2.21227 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Ana Nurlaili Hidayah ◽

Didik Hasmono ◽

Muqoddar Thayyib ◽

K Kuntaman

Keyword(s):

Internal Medicine ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Gut Flora ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Disk Diffusion Test ◽

E Coli

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the failure of antibiotic to kill bacteria and becomes ineffective in therapeutic purpose. The AMR bacteria is a major health problem worldwide and Indonesia is not exception. AMR is increased by two factors, higher antibiotic use and low compliance in infection control and prevention. WHO has recommended 7 bacterial indicators as point of view in surveillance, one of these bacteria is Escherichia coli. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between antibiotic use and resistance pattern of gut flora Escherichia coli. The study was conducted at Aisyiyah Hospital, Bojonegoro from June to October 2017. Total 101 patients from internal medicine and surgery department in this hospital were included in this study. Bacterial gut flora were tested against 12 antibiotics by disk diffusion test at the Department of Clinical Microbiology, Universitas Airlangga.. The results showed that the highest quantity of antibiotic use in internal medicine service was cefepime (40,50 DDD) and the highest resistance rate was ciprofloxacin, whereas in the surgical service it was ceftriaxone (132,75 DDD) with the highest E. coli resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. The antibiotics use has significant correlation against E. coli resistance on cefotaxime (p=0.046), ceftazidime (p=0.046), ceftriaxone (p=0.017), aztreonam (p=0.024), and cefepime (p=0.010).

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Antimicrobials resistance patterns and the presence of stx1, stx2 and eae in Escherichia coli

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402015000200006 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 308-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gustavo Lacerda Homem ASSUMPÇÃO ◽

Marita Vendovelli CARDOZO ◽

Lívia Gerbase BERALDO ◽

Renato Pariz MALUTA ◽

Joviany Talita SILVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Susceptibility Tests

The objectives of this study were to investigate whether antimicrobial resistance (AMR) or the presence of resistance genes was associated with the occurrence of the virulence genes, stx1, stx2 andeae. Three virulence genes and 11 AMR phenotypes were examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. From 800 samples collected in this study, 561 samples were isolatesE. coli strains , being: 90 (16.0%) carriers ofstx1, 97 (17.3%) of stx2 and 45 (8.0%) ofeae genes singly. Thirty seven (6.6%) isolates were carriers of stx1 and stx2, 110 (19.6%) were carriers of stx1 and eae and 67 (11.9%) were carriers of stx2 and eae. The most common virulence gene detected was stx1followed bystx2. The findings showed no relationship between presence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance. Also was not found relationship between serogroup and virulence factors.

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Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli Isolates of Broiler Chickens at Slaughter in Alberta, Canada

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-203 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 76 (12) ◽

pp. 2045-2051 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

CHUNU MAINALI ◽

MARGARET McFALL ◽

ROBIN KING ◽

REBECCA IRWIN

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Future Research ◽

Bench Mark ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Baseline Information

This study was conducted to investigate antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens in Alberta, Canada. Cecal contents of broiler chickens from 24 flocks were collected at slaughter between January and March 2005 for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing against a panel of 15 antimicrobials using a broth microdilution technique. Of 600 E. coli isolates tested, 475 (79.2%) were resistant to one or more antimicrobials, 326 (54.3%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials, 65 (10.8%) were resistant to five or more antimicrobials, and 15 (2.5%) were resistant to seven or more antimicrobials. The most common resistance was to tetracycline (69.2%), followed by streptomycin (48.2%), kanamycin (40.3%), and sulfisoxazole (38.0%). None of the E. coli isolates were resistant to amikacin, ceftriaxone, or ciprofloxacin. Of the isolates that were resistant to two or more antimicrobials, the most common multidrug resistance patterns were streptomycin-tetracycline (44.0%), streptomycin-sulfisoxazole-tetracycline (30.7%), and kanamycin-streptomycin-sulfisoxazole-tetracycline (23.5%). Resistance to tetracycline and kanamycin (odds ratio = 46.7, P = 0.0001) was highly associated, followed by resistance to streptomycin and sulfisoxazole (odds ratio = 12.0, P = 0.0001), and streptomycin and tetracycline (odds ratio = 10.3, P = 0.0001). The flock level prevalence of resistance varied from 16.7% for chloramphenicol to 100.0% for ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline. The results of this study provided baseline information on antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli isolates of broiler chickens at slaughter in Alberta, which can serve as a bench mark for future research.

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Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli from Raw Meats, Ready-to-Eat Meats, and Their Related Samples in One Health Context

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9020326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 326

Author(s):

Frederick Adzitey ◽

Nurul Huda ◽

Amir Husni Mohd Shariff

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

The Usa ◽

Raw Meats

Meat is an important food source that can provide a significant amount of protein for human development. The occurrence of bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobials in meat poses a public health risk. This study evaluated the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli (Escherichia coli) isolated from raw meats, ready-to-eat (RTE) meats and their related samples in Ghana. E. coli was isolated using the USA-FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method. Of the 200 examined meats and their related samples, 38% were positive for E. coli. Notably, E. coli was highest in raw beef (80%) and lowest in RTE pork (0%). The 45 E. coli isolates were resistant ≥ 50% to amoxicillin, trimethoprim and tetracycline. They were susceptible to azithromycin (87.1%), chloramphenicol (81.3%), imipenem (74.8%), gentamicin (72.0%) and ciprofloxacin (69.5%). A relatively high intermediate resistance of 33.0% was observed for ceftriaxone. E. coli from raw meats, RTE meats, hands of meat sellers and working tools showed some differences and similarities in their phenotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns. Half (51.1%) of the E. coli isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The E. coli isolates showed twenty-two different resistant patterns, with a multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.0 to 0.7. The resistant pattern amoxicillin (A, n = 6 isolates) and amoxicillin-trimethoprim (A-TM, n = 6 isolates) were the most common. This study documents that raw meats, RTE meats and their related samples in Ghana are potential sources of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and pose a risk for the transfer of resistant bacteria to the food chain, environment and humans.

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