scholarly journals Mind-Body Therapies for African-American Women at Risk for Cardiometabolic Disease: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace C. Johnson ◽  
Karen M. Sheffield ◽  
Roy E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
African American ◽  
High Risk ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Health Domains

Background. A major determinant in cardiometabolic health is metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of symptoms that portend the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As mind-body therapies are thought to help in lowering physiological and environmental CVD risk factors including blood pressure and psychological stress, they may also be beneficial for the primary prevention of CVD. Objectives. To synthesize and summarize existing knowledge on the effectiveness of mind-body therapies on MetS outcomes in African-American (AA) women, a US subpopulation at high risk for CVD. Search Methods. A systematic search of eight databases was conducted in order to identify published papers addressing the topic. We included trials involving AA adult women, ages 18–64, and we included RCTs that involved multifactorial interventions. Outcomes of interest were MetS, chronic disease, and CVD risk factors (blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose, BMI, waist circumference, and mental health domains). Two authors independently selected trials for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed risks of bias. Main Results. We identified five trials for inclusion in this review. One study reported outcomes associated with the full MetS symptom cluster. The included trials were small, short term, and at high risk of bias. All interventions lasted at least 6 weeks.

Effect of Obesity on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in African American Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Queen Henry-Okafor ◽  
Patricia A. Cowan ◽  
Mona N. Wicks ◽  
Muriel Rice ◽  
Donna S. Husch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
American Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hs Crp

Obesity is a growing health care concern with implications for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obesity and CVD morbidity and mortality are highly prevalent among African American women. This pilot study examined the association between obesity and the traditional and emerging CVD risk factors in a sample of African American women. Participants comprised 48 women (27 obese, 21 normal weight) aged 18–45. with no known history of CVD. The women completed demographic and 7-day physical activity recall questionnaires. Height and weight were used to determine body mass index (BMI). Hypertension risk was assessed using the average of two resting blood pressure (BP) measurements. Lipid profile, blood glucose, fibrinogen, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and E-selectin (eSel) levels were assessed using fasting blood samples. Laboratory findings were interpreted using the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III reference guidelines as well as manufacturers’ reference ranges for the novel CVD risk factors. The most common traditional risk factors were physical inactivity (72.9%), positive family history of CVD (58.3%), and obesity (56.3%). Obese individuals had elevated systolic BP ( p = .0002), diastolic BP ( p = .0007) and HDL-cholesterol ( p = .01), triglyceride ( p = .02), hs-CRP ( p = .002), and fibrinogen ( p = .01), when compared with normal-weight women. The findings suggest an association between obesity and higher prevalence of both traditional and emerging CVD risk factors in young African American women.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Associations of Depressive Symptoms with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome among African Americans

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise C. Cooper ◽  
Ranak B. Trivedi ◽  
Karin M. Nelson ◽  
Gayle E. Reiber ◽  
Alan B. Zonderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
African American ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
African Americans ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Unit Increase

Young to middle-aged women usually have notably lower rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than their male counterparts, but African American women lack this advantage. Their elevated CVD may be influenced by sex differences in associations between depressed mood and CVD risk factors. This cross-sectional study examined whether relations between scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale and a spectrum of CVD risk factors varied by sex among African Americans (n=1076; ages 30–64) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. Sex-stratified multiple regressions and logistic regressions were conducted. Among women, CES-D scores correlated positively with systolic blood pressure and waist-to-hip ratio (P's<.05), but inversely with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P<.01). Women had twice the odds for metabolic syndrome if CES-D scores ≥16 and had a ≥14% increase in odds of hypertension, abdominal obesity, and low HDL-C with each 5-unit increase in CES-D scores. Among men, CES-D scores correlated positively with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P<.05), and odds of hypertension increased by 21% with each 5-unit increase in CES-D scores. Depressive symptoms may promote premature CVD risk in African Americans, at least in part, via CVD risk factors and prevalent metabolic syndrome, particularly in African American women.

scholarly journals Knowledge regarding cardiovascular risk factors among Chinese medical students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xintong Jiang ◽  
Xun Wang ◽  
Mengxi Yang ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Jiangli Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Chinese Medical Students ◽  
Risk Patients

Abstract Background A comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is the foundation of CVD prevention and treatment. This study assessed the awareness of CVD risk factors and treatment among Chinese medical students. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 48 3 rd year medical students who had finished preclinical course of medicine and 61 4 th year medical students who had finished their rotation in Internal Medicine’s Ambulatory Medicine clerkship from Peking University. The knowledge of CVD risk factors and therapeutic strategy was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Results Only about 50% of the 4 th year students knew the target value of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for diabetic patients and blood pressure for high-risk patients, while the proportions in 3 rd year students were 20.8% and 29.2%, respectively. Although more than 90% students would prescribe cholesterol-lowering therapy to high-risk patients, few students knew the therapy of hypertriglyceridemia (2.1% and 27.9% of 3 rd and 4 th year students, respectively, p =0.001) or combined dyslipidemia. The awareness of their own lipid profile or blood glucose level was not as good as their blood pressure. Conclusions There is an urgent need to improve the knowledge of CVD risk factors and the details of therapeutic strategies among Chinese medical students.

EXERCISE VERSUS BODY MASS INDEX AS PREDICTORS OF CVD RISK FACTORS IN AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN 501

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
C. L. Melby ◽  
B. Finnestead ◽  
W. D. Schmidt ◽  
M. L. Toohey ◽  
M. A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
American Women

scholarly journals Geographical profiles of cardiovascular risk and the risk factors in China: data from a nationwide population-based screening project

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Q Wu ◽  
X Li ◽  
J.P Lu ◽  
B.W Chen ◽  
Y.C Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Food Factor ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Activity Factor

Abstract Background In China, an abundance of cardiovascular risk factors has contributed to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which caused almost 4 million deaths per year. However, comprehensive evidence on the geographical profiles of cardiovascular disease risk in China is lacking, as findings in prior studies have been limited to relatively small sample sizes, had incomplete regional coverage, or focused on a narrow risk factor spectrum. Purpose To compare the population CVD risk among different regions across China, and to describe the geographical distributions of CVD risk factors and their clusters throughout the nation. Methods In a nationwide population-based screening project covering 252 counties of China, standardized measurements were conducted to collect information on 12 major CVD risk factors. Individuals of high CVD risk were identified as those with previous CVD, or with a predicted 10-year risk of CVD greater than 10% according to the WHO risk prediction charts. We applied factor analysis to generate “clusters” that characterized the clustering of these risk factors, then explored their relationship with the local ambient temperature and per capital GDP. Results Among 983476 participants included, 9.2% were of high CVD risk, with a range of 1.6% to 23.6% across counties. Among the seven regions in China, the rate was relatively high in the Northeast (11.8%) and North China (10.4%), while low in the South China (7.2%) and Northwest (7.8%). We identified 6 clusters underlying CVD risk factors, including Obesity factor, Blood pressure factor, Staple food factor, Non-staple food factor, Smoking and alcohol factor, and Metabolic and physical activity factor (Figure). We found high risk regions were facing different leading challenges, like obesity and blood pressure for the North China, while unhealthy non-staple food for the Northeast. The South China, as the region with the lowest CVD risk, still had the highest prevalence of unhealthy staple food. Lower annual average ambient temperature was associated with higher risk in Blood pressure factor, Obesity factor and Non-staple food factor, but lower risk in Staple food factor and Metabolic and physical activity factor (p&lt;0.001 for all), consistently between rural and urban. Higher per capital GDP was associated with lower risk in Non-staple food factor in urban and higher risk in Metabolic and physical activity factor in rural (p&lt;0.05 for both). The correlation between per capital GDP and Smoking and alcohol factor differed significantly between in rural and urban regions (p=0.042). Conclusions The geographical profile of CVD risk in China is complex - population risk levels varied substantially across regions, which were contributed by different risk factors. China needs geographically targeted intervention strategies considering environmental and socio-economic factors to control CVD risk and reduce the burden related to CVD. Geographical disparity of risk clusters Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The National Key Research and Development Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China; the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science

scholarly journals Serum alanine aminotransferase activity and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Caucasian population: the Tromsø study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Ivar Bekkelund
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase

Abstract Background High and low levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are both associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risks especially in elderly, but the mechanisms are less known. This study investigated associations between ALT and CVD risk factors including effects of sex and age in a Caucasian population. Methods Cross-sectional data were analysed sex-stratified in 2555 men (mean age 60.4 years) and 2858 women (mean age 60.0 years) from the population study Tromsø 6. Associations were assessed by variance analysis and multivariable logistic regression of odds to have abnormal ALT. Risk factors included body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip-ratio, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, glycated haemoglobin and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP). Results Abnormal elevated ALT was detected in 113 men (4.4%) and 188 women (6.6%). Most CVD risk factors associated positively with ALT in both sexes except systolic blood pressure and CRP (women only), while ALT was positively associated with age in men when adjusted for CVD risk factors, P < 0.001. BMI predicted ALT in men (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.88–1.00, P = 0.047) and women (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.86–0.95, P < 0.001). A linear inversed association between age and ALT in men and a non-linear inversed U-trend in women with maximum level between 60 and 64 years were found. Conclusion This study confirms a positive relationship between ALT and CVD risk factors, particularly BMI. Age is not a major confounder in the ALT-CVD relationship, but separate sex-analyses is recommended in such studies.

scholarly journals Effects of a Paleolithic Diet on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ghaedi ◽  
Mohammad Mohammadi ◽  
Hamed Mohammadi ◽  
Nahid Ramezani-Jolfaie ◽  
Janmohamad Malekzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Randomized Controlled

ABSTRACTThere is some evidence supporting the beneficial effects of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This diet advises consuming lean meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, and nuts and avoiding intake of grains, dairy products, processed foods, and added sugar and salt. This study was performed to assess the effects of a PD on CVD risk factors including anthropometric indexes, lipid profile, blood pressure, and inflammatory markers using data from randomized controlled trials. A comprehensive search was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases up to August 2018. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to estimate the pooled effect size. Meta-analysis of 8 eligible studies revealed that a PD significantly reduced body weight [weighted mean difference (WMD) = −1.68 kg; 95% CI: −2.86, −0.49 kg], waist circumference (WMD = −2.72 cm; 95% CI: −4.04, −1.40 cm), BMI (in kg/m2) (WMD = −1.54; 95% CI: −2.22, −0.87), body fat percentage (WMD = −1.31%; 95% CI: −2.06%, −0.57%), systolic (WMD = −4.75 mm Hg; 95% CI: −7.54, −1.96 mm Hg) and diastolic (WMD = −3.23 mm Hg; 95% CI: −4.77, −1.69 mm Hg) blood pressure, and circulating concentrations of total cholesterol (WMD = −0.23 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.42, −0.04 mmol/L), triglycerides (WMD = −0.30 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.55, −0.06 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol (WMD = −0.13 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.26, −0.01 mmol/L), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD = −0.48 mg/L; 95% CI: −0.79, −0.16 mg/L) and also significantly increased HDL cholesterol (WMD = 0.06 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.11 mmol/L). However, sensitivity analysis revealed that the overall effects of a PD on lipid profile, systolic blood pressure, and circulating CRP concentrations were sensitive to removing some studies and to the correlation coefficients, hence the results must be interpreted with caution. Although the present meta-analysis revealed that a PD has favorable effects on CVD risk factors, the evidence is not conclusive and more well-designed trials are still needed.

scholarly journals Neighborhood Environment Associates with Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) as a Cardiovascular Risk Marker

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4296
Author(s):  
Nicole Farmer ◽  
Cristhian A. Gutierrez-Huerta ◽  
Briana S. Turner ◽  
Valerie M. Mitchell ◽  
Billy S. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
African American ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Neighborhood Deprivation ◽  
Microbial Metabolite ◽  
African American Adults ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Neighborhoods and the microbiome are linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet investigations to identify microbiome-related factors at neighborhood levels have not been widely investigated. We sought to explore relationships between neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) and the microbial metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide. We hypothesized that inflammatory markers and dietary intake would be mediators of the relationship. Methods: African-American adults at risk for CVD living in the Washington, DC area were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional community-based study. US census-based neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) measures (at the census-tract level) were determined. Serum samples were analyzed for CVD risk factors, cytokines, and the microbial metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Self-reported dietary intake based on food groups was collected. Results: Study participants (n = 60) were predominantly female (93.3%), with a mean (SD) age of 60.83 (+/−10.52) years. Mean (SD) NDI was −1.54 (2.94), and mean (SD) TMAO level was 4.99 (9.65) µmol/L. Adjusting for CVD risk factors and BMI, NDI was positively associated with TMAO (β = 0.31, p = 0.02). Using mediation analysis, the relationship between NDI and TMAO was significantly mediated by TNF-α (60.15%) and interleukin)-1 β (IL; 49.96%). When controlling for clustering within neighborhoods, the NDI-TMAO association was no longer significant (β = 5.11, p = 0.11). However, the association between NDI and IL-1 β (β = 0.04, p = 0.004) and TNF-α (β = 0.17, p = 0.003) remained. Neither NDI nor TMAO was significantly associated with daily dietary intake. Conclusion and Relevance: Among a small sample of African-American adults at risk for CVD, there was a significant positive relationship with NDI and TMAO mediated by inflammation. These hypothesis-generating results are initial and need to be confirmed in larger studies.

scholarly journals Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in African American Individuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Weinstein ◽  
Preetha Abraham ◽  
Guoqing Diao ◽  
Stacey A. Zeno ◽  
Patricia A. Deuster
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
African American ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. To examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a group of African American individuals.Design. A nonrandom sample of 253 (age 43.7 ± 11.6 years; 37% male) African American individuals was recruited by advertisements. Data were obtained by validated questionnaires, anthropometric, blood pressure, and blood sample measurements.Results. Regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms and CVD risk factors controlling for socioeconomic status indicators. These analyses demonstrated that those with higher levels of depressive symptoms had larger waist-to-hip ratios, higher percent body fat, higher triglycerides, and were more likely to be smokers.Conclusions. It has been well documented that higher levels of depressive symptoms are associated with higher CVD risk. However, this evidence is derived primarily from samples of predominantly Caucasian individuals. The present investigation demonstrates that depressive symptoms are related to CVD risk factors in African American individuals.

Abstract P200: Elevated Triacylglycerols and Diacylglycerols Had Association With Increased Carotid Arterial Stiffness, Independent of Cvd Risk Factors, in Women With or at High Risk of HIV Infection

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Quispe ◽  
Simin Hua ◽  
Clary Clish ◽  
Justin Scott ◽  
Amy Deik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Nonpolar Lipid ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Arterial Distensibility ◽  
Carotid Stiffness ◽  
Carotid Arterial

Background: Metabolomics has provided new insights into mechanistic knowledge of CVD. However, this approach has limited use for studying arterial disease in high-risk women with and without HIV infection. Methods: Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we profiled plasma levels of 114 cationic polar and 211 nonpolar lipid metabolites among 411 women (72% HIV+; 60% Black and 31% Hispanic) aged 35-50 from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study. Carotid arterial distensibility, a direct measure of carotid stiffness, was calculated from ultrasound measurements of the right common carotid artery diameter at systole and diastole and brachial artery pulse pressure measured. We performed partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to identify metabolite clusters associated with carotid stiffness (lowest vs. the other 3 quartiles of distensibility index). We used multivariate linear regression models to examine associations of individual metabolites with the distensibility index. Results: PLS-DA identified two major metabolite clusters associated with carotid stiffness. In the lipid metabolite cluster, triacylglycerols (TAGs 52:3, 52:4, 54:4), diacylglycerols (DAGs 36:2, 36:3) and sphingomyelins (16:1, 18:1, 18:2) were associated with decreased distensibility, while lysophosphatidylcholines (18:2, 20:5) were associated with increased distensibility. In the cationic polar metabolite cluster, urate, C4-OH carnitine, C5-DC carnitine, pseudouridine and 1-methyladenosine were associated with decreased distensibility. The associations of TAGs 52:3, 52:4, 54:4 and DAG 36:3 with carotid stiffness remained significant after further adjustment for conventional CVD risk factors ( Table ). No interaction by HIV infection was found. Conclusions: Among women with or at risk of HIV infection from predominantly race-ethnic minority groups, plasma TAGs and DAG of higher carbon number and double bond content are associated with carotid stiffness independent of conventional CVD risk factors.

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