scholarly journals Screening the Best Compatibility of Selaginella moellendorffii Prescription on Hyperuricemia and Gouty Arthritis and Its Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-yan Zhang ◽  
Jing Cheng ◽  
Ping Zhao ◽  
Ke-li Chen ◽  
Juan Li
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
No Production ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Selaginella Moellendorffii

Objectives. The Selaginella moellendorffii prescription (SMP) consists of S. moellendorffii Herba (SM), Smilacis glabrae Rhizoma (SGR), and Plantaginis Semen (PS). It has been commonly used to treat hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis as a hospital preparation. This study was aimed at investigating the best compatibility ratio of SMP on hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis and getting better insight of the possible mechanism. Methods. In vitro, anti-inflammatory activity of SMP was evaluated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW264.7 cells. The release of nitric oxide (NO) was screened by Griess assay, and NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 proteins expression was examined by immunofluorescence assay. Then, the levels of creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid (UA) were detected in mice induced by potassium oxonate, and the paw oedema, inflammatory mediators, and histological examination were analyzed in rats induced by monosodium urate (MSU). HPLC method was employed to investigate the chemical profile of this preparation. Results. In vitro, SMP-3 (the ratio of SMP:SGR:PS was 3:1:1) exhibited the most potent anti-NO production activity without obvious toxicity. This anti-inflammatory effect was associated with suppression of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and NLRP3 protein expression. In animal experiments, the levels of BUN and Cr in SMP-3 group were lower than other extract groups, and the level of UA was also remarkably decreased by SMP-3 in hyperuricemic mice (P<0.01). Besides, SMP-3 extract was able to prevent the paw edema, reduce gouty joint inflammatory features, and decrease the levels IL-1β, PGE-2, IL-8, and NO in gouty arthritis rats. Furthermore, 6-C-β-D-xylopyranosyl-8-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl, apigenin, and astilbin were identified from SMP-3 extract. Conclusions. In summary, SMP-3 may be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of hyperuricemic and gout.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pleurotus ostreatus, a Culinary Medicinal Mushroom, in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
W. J. A. Banukie N. Jayasuriya ◽  
Shiroma M. Handunnetti ◽  
Chandanie A. Wanigatunge ◽  
Gita H. Fernando ◽  
D. Thusitha U. Abeytunga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
No Production ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rat Paw ◽  
Rat Paw Oedema

Context. Pleurotus ostreatus (P.o) is a culinary mushroom which is commonly called as “oyster mushroom” belonging to the Basidiomycetous fungi of the order Agaricales and family Pleurotaceae. Objectives. The present study investigates the anti-inflammatory potential of P.o and the underlying mechanisms of activity. Materials and Methods. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using suspensions of freeze-dried and powdered (SFDP) P.o and acetone extract (AE) of P.o in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats using the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema model. The mechanisms by which P.o is mediating the anti-inflammatory activity were studied using in vivo and in vitro assays. Results. At doses of 500–1000 mg/kg, the SFDP of P.o showed long-lasting activity at both early and late phases of carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema. The dose of 750 mg/kg showed the most potent inhibitory activity (92% inhibition) in healthy rats. The AE of P.o showed maximum inhibition of oedema of 87%. P.o exerted protective effects on the inflammatory pathologies in rats with diabetes. The possible mechanisms by which P.o mediates the anti-inflammatory activity were antihistamine activity (52.1%), inhibition of cell migration to the site of inflammation (45.4%), in vitro membrane stabilizing activity (52.6%), and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production (91.2%) (P<0.05). Dose-dependent inhibition of NO production was seen with in vitro treatment of rat peritoneal cells with AE of P.o (r = 0.95; P<0.05). Discussion and Conclusion. The promising activity of culinary mushroom P.o against inflammation suggests its potential application as a functional food during inflammatory conditions.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Volatile Compounds and Minerals in Five Different Onion Varieties

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Rokayya Sami ◽  
Abeer Elhakem ◽  
Mona Alharbi ◽  
Manal Almatrafi ◽  
Nada Benajiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Red Variety ◽  
A Minor

Onions contain high antioxidants compounds that fight inflammation against many diseases. The purpose was to investigate some selected bioactive activities of onion varieties (Yellow, Red, Green, Leek, and Baby). Antioxidant assays and anti-inflammatory activities such as NO production with the addition of some bioactive components were determined and analyzed by using a spectrophotometer. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used for the volatile compounds, while an Atomic absorption spectrometer was used for mineral determinations. Red variety achieved the highest antioxidant activities. The total flavonoids were between (12.56 and 353.53 mg Quercetin/gin dry weight) (dw) and the total phenol was (8.75–25.73 mg/g dw). Leek, Yellow and Green extracts achieved highly anti-inflammatory values (3.71–4.01 μg/mL) followed by Red and Baby extracts, respectively. The highest contents of sodium, potassium, zinc, and calcium were established for Red onions. Furfuraldehyde, 5-Methyl-2-furfuraldehyde, 2-Methyl-2-pentenal, and 1-Propanethiol were the most predominant, followed by a minor abundance of the other compounds such as Dimethyl sulfide, Methyl allyl disulfide, Methyl-trans-propenyl-disulfide, and Methyl propyl disulfide. The results recommend that these varieties could act as sources of essential antioxidants and anti-inflammatories to decrease inflammation and oxidative stresses, especially red onions that recorded high activities.

scholarly journals Isoquinolinequinone Derivatives from a Marine Sponge (Haliclona sp.) Regulate Inflammation in In Vitro System of Intestine

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Yun Kim ◽  
Yeong Ji ◽  
Na-Hyun Kim ◽  
Nguyen Van Tu ◽  
Jung-Rae Rho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Key Functional Groups ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Using bio-guided fractionation and based on the inhibitory activities of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), eight isoquinolinequinone derivatives (1–8) were isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona sp. Among these, methyl O-demethylrenierate (1) is a noble ester, whereas compounds 2 and 3 are new O-demethyl derivatives of known isoquinolinequinones. Compound 8 was assigned as a new 21-dehydroxyrenieramycin F. Anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were tested in a co-culture system of human epithelial Caco-2 and THP-1 macrophages. The isolated derivatives showed variable activities. O-demethyl renierone (5) showed the highest activity, while 3 and 7 showed moderate activities. These bioactive isoquinolinequinones inhibited lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma-induced production of NO and PGE2. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and the phosphorylation of MAPKs were down-regulated in response to the inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation. In addition, nuclear translocation was markedly promoted with a subsequent increase in the expression of HO-1. Structure-activity relationship studies showed that the hydroxyl group in 3 and 5, and the N-formyl group in 7 may be key functional groups responsible for their anti-inflammatory activities. These findings suggest the potential use of Haliclona sp. and its metabolites as pharmaceuticals treating inflammation-related diseases including inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Populus deltoides Leaf Extract via Modulating NF-κB and p38/JNK Pathways

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Jeong ◽  
Mi-Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
No Production ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Populus deltoides, known as eastern cottonwood, has been commonly used as a medicinal plant. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of P. deltoides leaf extract (PLE). PLE effectively inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, but not that of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2. Proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were also reduced by the extract. PLE inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and inhibitor of Kappa Bα (IκBα), and blunted LPS-triggered enhanced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. In mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, PLE effectively decreased the phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), but not of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Taken together, these results suggest that anti-inflammatory activity of P. deltoides leaf extract might be driven by iNOS and NO inhibition mediated by modulation of the NF-κB and p38/JNK signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 3-Formyl, 7-Flavonols Derivatives by Microwave Enhanced Chemistry Assisted - Vilsmeier Haack Synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1779-1791
Author(s):  
M. Karpakavalli ◽  
A.Y. Sangilimuthu ◽  
A.Usha Raja Nanthini ◽  
G.Nagaraja Perumal ◽  
S. Mohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

In the modern medicines the novel and active molecules are essential to act against various diseases and increase the needs day by day due to population increase. In view of that, we attempt to make a variety of synthetic molecules against inflammation by a new and popular greener microwave assisted and faster method such as Microwave Enhanced Chemistry assisted Vilsmeier Haack Synthesis (MEC-VHS). In this paper, we report the synthesis of nitro- dinitro- and acetyl- derivatives of 3- formyl, 7-flavonols using MEC-VHS techniques against inflammation as anti-inflammatory agent. These derivatives were synthesized via pinkish formylation complex of dimethyl formamide and phosphorous oxychloride by microwave irradiation resulted as suspension by base. The re-crystallized products were characterized through Co-TLC, λmax, IR, HPTLC, 1HNMR, CHN analysis and mass spectral studies. The HPTLC finger print profiles obtained were of with a prominent single peak and with a matching Rf values compared to that obtained by an ordinary Co-TLC technique. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity by in vitro protein denaturation method and in vivo carrageenan induced paw oedema method and it was found that all the compounds excepting the un-substituted 3-formyl, 7-flavonols gave an equi- or more potent activity as compared to that of the standard.

In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Rhizomes of Globba pendula Roxb

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110559
Author(s):  
Le Minh Ha ◽  
Ngo Thi Phuong ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thu Hien ◽  
Pham Thi Tam ◽  
Do Thi Thao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
No Production ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

In this study, we aimed at evaluating in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of various extracts of the rhizomes of Globba pendula Roxb. Three extracts ( n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water) were screened for their inhibitory effect on NO production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The ethyl acetate extract of G. pendula rhizomes (EGP) showed a potential effect with an IC50 value of 32.45 µg/mL. For in vivo study, the ethyl acetate extract was further investigated for its anti-inflammatory effect using collagen antibody-induced arthritic mice (CAIA). The level of arthritis in experimental mice significantly reduced ( P < .05) after treatment with EGP at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). This study also revealed that EGP is orally non-toxic. Ethyl p-methoxy cinamate was identified as the main constituent of EGP, which may result in its anti-inflammatory effect.

Artemisinin improves neurocognitive deficits associated with sepsis by activating the AMPK axis in the microglia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Peng Lin ◽  
Jue-Xian Wei ◽  
Shan Ye ◽  
Jiasong Hu ◽  
Jingyi Bu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Background and purpose: Artemisinin has been in use as an anti-malarial drug for almost half a century in the world. There is growing evidence that artemisinin also possesses potent anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. However, the efficacy of artemisinin treatment in neurocognitive deficits associated with sepsis remains unknown. Here, we evaluate the possible protective effects and explore the underlying mechanism of artemisinin on cognitive impairment resulting from sepsis.Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with either vehicle or artemisinin, and then injected with LPS to establish an animal model of sepsis. The cognitive function was then assessed using the Morris water maze. Neuronal damage and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus were evaluated by immunohistochemical and ELISA analysis. Additionally, the protective mechanism of artemisinin was determined in vitro.Results: The results showed that artemisinin preconditioning attenuated LPS-induced cognitive impairment, neural damage, and microglial activation in the mouse brain. The in vitro experiment revealed that artemisinin could reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppress the microglial migration in the BV2 microglia cells. Meanwhile, western blot demonstrated that artemisinin suppressed nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e. tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6) by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinaseα1 (AMPKα1) pathway. Furthermore, knock-down of AMPKα1 markedly abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of artemisinin.Conclusion: Artemisinin is a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis-associated neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment, and its effect was probably mediated by the activation of AMPKα1 signalling pathway in microglia.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Formononetin 7-O-phosphate, a Novel Biorenovation Product, on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Seon Kim ◽  
Jin-Soo Park ◽  
You Chul Chung ◽  
Sungchan Jang ◽  
Chang-Gu Hyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Macrophage Cells ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

Biorenovation is a microbial enzyme-catalyzed structural modification of organic compounds with the potential benefits of reduced toxicity and improved biological properties relative to their precursor compounds. In this study, we synthesized a novel compound verified as formononetin 7-O-phosphate (FMP) from formononetin (FM) using microbial biotransformation. We further compared the anti-inflammatory properties of FMP to FM in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. We observed that cell viabilities and inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production were greater in FMP-treated RAW 264.7 cells than in their FM-treated counterparts. In addition, FMP treatment suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in a dose-dependent manner and concomitantly decreased the mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). We also found that FMP exerted its anti-inflammatory effects through the downregulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. In conclusion, we generated a novel anti-inflammatory compound using biorenovation and demonstrated its efficacy in cell-based in vitro assays.

scholarly journals Suppression of LPS-Induced Inflammation by Chalcone Flavokawain A through Activation of Nrf2/ARE-Mediated Antioxidant Genes and Inhibition of ROS/NFκB Signaling Pathways in Primary Splenocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Ling Yang ◽  
Ting-Yu Yang ◽  
Yugandhar Vudhya Gowrisankar ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Jiunn-Wang Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Piper Methysticum ◽  
Serum Lipase ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Oxidative stress is an important contributing factor for inflammation. Piper methysticum, also known as Kava-kava, is a shrub whose root extract has been consumed as a drink by the pacific islanders for a long time. Flavokawain A (FKA) is a novel chalcone derived from the kava plant that is known to have medicinal properties. This study was aimed at demonstrating the antioxidant molecular mechanisms mediated by FKA on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced inflammation in BALB/c mouse-derived primary splenocytes. In vitro data show that the nontoxic concentrations of FKA (2-30 μM) significantly suppressed the proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) release but induced the secretion of interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine. It was also shown that FKA pretreatment significantly downregulated the LPS-induced ROS production and blocked the activation of the NFκB (p65) pathway leading to the significant suppression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β protein expressions. Notably, FKA favored the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 leading to the downstream expression of antioxidant proteins HO-1, NQO-1, and γ-GCLC via the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway signifying the FKA’s potent antioxidant mechanism in these cells. Supporting the in vitro data, the ex vivo data obtained from primary splenocytes derived from the FKA-preadministered BALB/c mice (orally) show that FKA significantly suppressed the proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) secretion in control-, LPS-, or Concanavalin A- (Con A-) stimulated cells. A significant decrease in the ratios of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6/IL-10; TNF-α/IL-10) showed that FKA possesses strong anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, BALB/c mice induced with experimental pancreatitis using cholecystokinin- (CCK-) 8 showed decreased serum lipase levels due to FKA pretreatment. We conclude that with its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, chalcone flavokawain A could be a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases.

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