scholarly journals Monoamine Oxidase-Related Vascular Oxidative Stress in Diseases Associated with Inflammatory Burden

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Sturza ◽  
Călin M. Popoiu ◽  
Mihaela Ionică ◽  
Oana M. Duicu ◽  
Sorin Olariu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Available Information ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Vascular Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Burden

Monoamine oxidases (MAO) with 2 isoforms, A and B, located at the outer mitochondrial membrane are flavoenzyme membranes with a major role in the metabolism of monoaminergic neurotransmitters and biogenic amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, respectively. In the process of oxidative deamination, aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonia are constantly generated as potential deleterious by-products. While being systematically studied for decades as sources of reactive oxygen species in brain diseases, compelling evidence nowadays supports the role of MAO-related oxidative stress in cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies. Indeed, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are the most common pathomechanisms of the main noncommunicable diseases of our century. MAO inhibition with the new generation of reversible and selective drugs has recently emerged as a pharmacological strategy aimed at mitigating both processes. The aim of this minireview is to summarize available information regarding the contribution of MAO to the vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension, metabolic disorders, and chronic kidney disease, all conditions associated with increased inflammatory burden.

Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Muller ◽  
C. Goettsch ◽  
H. Morawietz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Vascular Oxidative Stress ◽  
Arteries And Veins ◽  
Different Sources

SummaryThis review focuses on the role of vascular oxidative stress in the development and progression of endothelial dysfunction. We discuss different sources of oxidative stress in the vessel wall, oxidative stress and coagulation, the role of oxidative stress and vascular function in arteries and veins, the flow-dependent regulation of reactive oxygen species, the putative impact of oxidative stress on atherosclerosis, the interaction of angiotensin II, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, and clinical implications.

scholarly journals The Role of Morphine in Animal Models of Human Cancer: Does Morphine Promote or Inhibit the Tumor Growth?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Bimonte ◽  
Antonio Barbieri ◽  
Giuseppe Palma ◽  
Claudio Arra
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Morphine, a highly potent analgesic agent, is widely used to relieve pain and suffering of patients with cancer. Additionally, it has been reported that morphine is important in the regulation of cancerous tissue. Morphine relieves pain by acting directly on the central nervous system, although its activities on peripheral tissues are responsible for many adverse side effects. For these reasons, it is very important also to understand the role of morphine in cancer treatment. The published literature reporting the effect of morphine on tumor growth presents some discrepancies, with reports suggesting that morphine may either promote or inhibit the tumor growth. It has been also demonstrated that morphine modulates angiogenesis which is important for primary tumour growth, invasiveness, and the development of metastasis. This review will focus on the latest findings on the role of morphine in the regulation of cancer cell growth and angiogenesis.

scholarly journals Caffeine as a Factor Influencing the Functioning of the Human Body—Friend or Foe?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3088
Author(s):  
Kamil Rodak ◽  
Izabela Kokot ◽  
Ewa Maria Kratz
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disease Entities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, caffeine is one of the most commonly consumed substances, which presents in many plants and products. It has both positive and negative effects on the human body, and its activity concerns a variety of systems including the central nervous system, immune system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary tract, etc. These effects are dependent on quantity, the type of product in which caffeine is contained, and also on the individual differences among people (sex, age, diet etc.). The main aim of this review was to collect, present, and analyze the available information including the latest discoveries on the impact of caffeine on human health and the functioning of human body systems, taking into account the role of caffeine in individual disease entities. We present both the positive and negative sides of caffeine consumption and the healing properties of this purine alkaloid in diseases such as asthma, Parkinson’s disease, and others, not forgetting about the negative effects of excess caffeine (e.g., in people with hypertension, children, adolescents, and the elderly). In summary, we can conclude, however, that caffeine has a multi-directional influence on various organs of the human body, and because of its anti-oxidative properties, it was, and still is, an interesting topic for research studies including those aimed at developing new therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Phenolic Extracts of Mentha in Managing Oxidative Stress and Alzheimer’s Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Doaa M. Hanafy ◽  
Geoffrey E. Burrows ◽  
Paul D. Prenzler ◽  
Rodney A. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Developed Nations

With an increase in the longevity and thus the proportion of the elderly, especially in developed nations, there is a rise in pathological conditions that accompany ageing, such as neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive and memory decline. The pathophysiology of the disease is poorly understood, with several factors contributing to its development, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, cholinergic neuronal apoptotic death, and the accumulation of abnormal proteins in the brain. Current medications are only palliative and cannot stop or reverse the progression of the disease. Recent clinical trials of synthetic compounds for the treatment of AD have failed because of their adverse effects or lack of efficacy. Thus, there is impetus behind the search for drugs from natural origins, in addition to the discovery of novel, conventional therapeutics. Mints have been used traditionally for conditions relevant to the central nervous system. Recent studies showed that mint extracts and/or their phenolic constituents have a neuroprotective potential and can target multiple events of AD. In this review, we provide evidence of the potential role of mint extracts and their derivatives as possible sources of treatments in managing AD. Some of the molecular pathways implicated in the development of AD are reviewed, with focus on apoptosis and some redox pathways, pointing to mechanisms that may be modulated for the treatment of AD, and the need for future research invoking knowledge of these pathways is highlighted.

Abstract MP01: Deacetylation Of Mitochondrial Cyclophilin D K166 Inhibits Cytokine-induced Oxidative Stress And Attenuates Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey I Dikalov ◽  
Vladimir Mayorov ◽  
Daniel Fehrenbach ◽  
Mingfang Ao ◽  
Alexander Panov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Cyclophilin D ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
End Organ Damage ◽  
Mitochondrial Superoxide ◽  
Vascular Oxidative Stress

We have previously reported that depletion Cyclophilin D (CypD), a regulatory subunit of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, improves vascular function and attenuates hypertension, however, specific regulation of CypD in hypertension is not clear. Analysis of human arterioles from hypertensive patients did not reveal alterations in CypD levels but showed 3-fold increase in CypD acetylation. We hypothesized that CypD-K166 acetylation promotes vascular oxidative stress and hypertension, and measures to reduce CypD acetylation can improve vascular function and reduce hypertension. Essential hypertension and animal models of hypertension are linked to inactivation of mitochondrial deacetylase Sirt3 by highly reactive lipid oxidation products, isolevuglandins (isoLGs), and supplementation of mice with mitochondria targeted scavenger of isoLGs, mito2HOBA, improves CypD deacetylation. To test the specific role of CypD-K166 acetylation, we developed CypD-K166R deacetylation mimic mutant mice. Mitochondrial respiration, vascular function and systolic blood pressure in CypD-K166R mice was similar to wild-type C57Bl/6J mice. Meanwhile, angiotensin II-induced hypertension was substantially attenuated in CypD-K166R mice (144 mmHg) compared with wild-type mice (161 mmHg). Angiotensin II infusion in wild-type mice significantly increased mitochondrial superoxide, impaired endothelial dependent relaxation, and reduced the level of endothelial nitric oxide which was prevented in angiotensin II-infused CypD-K166R mice. Hypertension is linked to increased levels of inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-17A promoting vascular oxidative stress and end-organ damage. We have tested if CypD-K166R mice are protected from cytokine-induced oxidative stress. Indeed, ex vivo incubation of aorta with the mixture of angiotensin II, TNFα and IL-17A (24 hours) increased mitochondrial superoxide by 2-fold in wild-type aortas which was abrogated in CypD-K166R mice. These data support the pathophysiological role of CypD acetylation in inflammation, oxidative stress and hypertensive end-organ damage. We propose that targeting CypD acetylation may have therapeutic potential in treatment of vascular dysfunction and hypertension.

scholarly journals Nutrients and Oxidative Stress: Friend or Foe?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bee Ling Tan ◽  
Mohd Esa Norhaizan ◽  
Winnie-Pui-Pui Liew
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Fat Consumption ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

There are different types of nutritionally mediated oxidative stress sources that trigger inflammation. Much information indicates that high intakes of macronutrients can promote oxidative stress and subsequently contribute to inflammation via nuclear factor-kappa B- (NF-κB-) mediated cell signaling pathways. Dietary carbohydrates, animal-based proteins, and fats are important to highlight here because they may contribute to the long-term consequences of nutritionally mediated inflammation. Oxidative stress is a central player of metabolic ailments associated with high-carbohydrate and animal-based protein diets and excessive fat consumption. Obesity has become an epidemic and represents the major risk factor for several chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of nutritionally mediated oxidative stress are complex and poorly understood. Therefore, this review aimed to explore how dietary choices exacerbate or dampen the oxidative stress and inflammation. We also discussed the implications of oxidative stress in the adipocyte and glucose metabolism and obesity-associated noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Taken together, a better understanding of the role of oxidative stress in obesity and the development of obesity-related NCDs would provide a useful approach. This is because oxidative stress can be mediated by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors, hence providing a plausible means for the prevention of metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Role of p47 phox in Vascular Oxidative Stress and Hypertension Caused by Angiotensin II

Hypertension ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Landmesser ◽  
Hua Cai ◽  
Sergey Dikalov ◽  
Louise McCann ◽  
Jinah Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Vascular Oxidative Stress
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