scholarly journals Timber Portal Frames vs Timber Truss-Based Systems for Residential Buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Harry Far ◽  
Claire Far
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Economic Incentive ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Column System ◽  
Current Attitude ◽  
Frame System ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Industry Professionals ◽  
Typical Method

A large number of structures have been built during or after the construction of a house or residential-zoned building, which are not built at the same time and/or integrally with the structural integrity of the residential dwelling. These include carports, pergolas, sheds, and barns. The typical method of constructing these structures is a general timber truss and column system. The aim of this study is to look at the feasibility and economic incentive that may be gained from using a timber portal frame system, similar to the steel or timber portal frames used for larger industrial constructions, over the traditional timber truss and column arrangement. In this study, designs for three cases of timber truss and timber portals were carried out using industry appropriate methods and standards. Using the design information and data gathered through talks with industry professionals, both methods of construction were compared on cost and overall time duration. From the comparison of the truss and portal designs, the use of timber portal frames over timber truss systems proved to have advantage in relation to overall cost and man power involved. This could certainly affect the current attitude towards the construction of small residential buildings in the future.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL RADIATION HAZARD OF THE FORMER URANIUM FACILITIES FOR THE POPULATION OF THE ISTIKLOL CITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TADZHIKISTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kh. M. Nazarov ◽  
K. A. Ermatov ◽  
D. A. Salomov ◽  
S. M. Bahronov ◽  
U. M. Mirsaidov
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
External Irradiation ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Volume Activity ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Volumetric Activity ◽  
Population Groups

The article presents the results of alpha, gamma spectrometric analyzes of samples, dosimetry, radon monitoring of the estimated areas in the Istiklol city. It has been established that the specific activity of radionuclides for uranium and radium in the tailing materials are in the range: 1405 – 2140, 5935 – 9843 Bq / kg, respectively. Based on the results of the monitoring of gamma radiation and radon volume activity at Istiklol city sites, it has been established that gamma radiation ambient equivalent dose rate varies from 0.52 to 1.78 μSv / h, and radon volume activity in air ranges from 20 and 45 Bq / m3. It is shown that the radon concentration in the air above the surface of tailings is not high. However, the exhalation of radon from the soil surface of all the tailings dumps examined is above the standard (1 Bq / (m2·s). The results of measurements of radon volume activity in the air of residential buildings and facilities located on the territory of Istiklol city have shown that the value of radon volume activity is within the limits of 44 – 195 Bq / m3. A high value of radon volume activity is noted in the former dilapidated plant (1319 Bq / m3). Gamma and alpha spectrometric studies revealed that the average values   of the activity concentration of uranium and radium in the soils for tailings and the pit are for 234U – 65365 Bq / kg, for 238U – 50295 Bq / kg, and for 226Ra – 3800 Bq / kg. To estimate the doses of population irradiation via the water pathway were taken the average values   of the volumetric activity of 234U, 238U, 226Ra in the waters. Maximum values   of volumetric activity of radionuclides were observed in samples of drainage water, Bq / m3: 234U – 530000, 238U – 390000, 226Ra – 185. To calculate the contributions of various radiation factors to an additional annual dose of irradiation, the population was divided into four hypothetical groups. The time duration of stay of various hypothetical population groups in the areas of potential irradiation, radiation dose due to water use from contaminated water sources and additional factors in Istiklol were taken into account.The main contributor to the additional radiation dose received by hypothetical population groups is external irradiation during the stay on the territory of the FBR and tailing dumps, and internal irradiation due to the use of contaminated water.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment Model Based on Fuzzy Logic for Residential Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Namdeo Hedaoo ◽  
Amey Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Industry Professionals

Abstract Risk is involved in every construction project. Residential building construction projects comprise a variety of risks and are more likely to be affected due to their difficulty and many operations and threats. The study aims to identify the various risk elements and their effect on construction projects of residential buildings using a fuzzy approach with the help of MATLAB software. This study includes 60 risk factors recognised through an expert opinion and literature review. These factors are categorised into 7 major groups, i.e., construction, project manager, architect/consultant, contractor, owner, resources, and external environment-specific risk factors. A questionnaire was prepared and sent using emails based on the identified risk factors to be filled out by construction industry professionals in India and by conducting in-person interviews. Based on the risk severities obtained from the fuzzy model, the top 10 risk factors have been considered. As a result, for identified top severe risk factors, a significant risk response strategy was implemented.

scholarly journals Seismic Effects on a Horizontally Unsymmetrical Building using Response Spectrum Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 06014
Author(s):  
Zafarullah Nizamani ◽  
Seah Kay Seng ◽  
Akihiko Nakayama ◽  
Mohamad Shariff Bin Omar Khan ◽  
Haider Bilal
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Flat Slab ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Frame System ◽  
Beam Frame ◽  
Safe Condition ◽  
Seismic Forces

Most of the residential buildings in Malaysia are not designed to withstand the seismic forces, while the high-rise buildings. However, since the Sumatra 2004 earthquake, there had been increasing concerns about the structure vulnerability in our country to earthquakes. Several recent studies had also revealed that Malaysia had the possibility to be influenced by both local and far field earthquakes. This study is conducted to analyze the vulnerability of a high rise building to local and far field earthquakes using Scia Engineer. Modal Response Spectrum method of Scia Engineer is used. The model is a 12 story hotel building from Ipoh, Perak. The designing code is the Eurocode with Malaysia Annex. Different Peak Ground Accelerations (PGA) that represents the local and far field earthquakes is acted on the model to obtain the seismic performance. The deformation of the building by the seismic combinations is compared to the ASCE-7 design to evaluate the vulnerability. Research of seismic performance of the flat slab system is also conducted along with beam frame system. The result shows that the building is in a safe condition in terms of deformation and the seismic performance of the flat slab system is advantageous.

Fire resistance of corroded high-strength structural concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Sobhan ◽  
Dronnadula V. Reddy ◽  
Fernando Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Fire Exposure ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The exposure of reinforced concrete structures such as high-rise residential buildings, bridges and piers to saline environments, including exposure to de-icing salts, increases their susceptibility to corrosion of the reinforcing steel. The exposure to fire can further deteriorate the structural integrity of corroded concrete structures. This combined effect of corrosion damage and fire exposure is not generally addressed in the structural concrete design codes. The synergistic combination of the effects of corrosion and fire forms the basis of this paper. Design/methodology/approach Concrete beam specimens with different strengths were prepared, moist-cured and corroded with impressed current. Later, they were “crack-scored” for corrosion evaluation, after which half were exposed to fire in a gas kiln. The fire damage was evaluated by nondestructive testing using ultrasonic pulse velocity. Next, all specimens were tested for residual flexural strength. They were then autopsied, and the level of corrosion was determined based on mass loss of the reinforcement. Findings For corroded specimens, the flexural capacity loss because of fire exposure increases as the compressive strength increases. In general, the higher the crack score, the higher the corresponding mass loss, unless some partial/segmental debonding of the reinforcement occurred. The degree of corrosion increases with decreasing compressive strength. The residual moment capacity, based on analytically determined capacities of uncorroded and nonfire-exposed beams, was significantly lower than those of uncorroded beams exposed to fire. Originality/value The combined effects of corrosion and fire on the mechanical properties of structural concrete are relatively unknown, and no guidance is available in the existing design codes to address this issue. Accordingly, the findings of the paper are expected to be valuable to both researchers and design engineers and can be regarded as the initial investigation on this topic.

scholarly journals Space Efficiency in Contemporary Supertall Residential Buildings

Architecture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Emre Ilgın
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Space Efficiency ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Frame System ◽  
Building Form ◽  
Residential Projects

Space efficiency is one of the most important design considerations in any tall building, in terms of making the project viable. This parameter becomes more critical in supertall (300 m+) residential towers, to make the project attractive by offering the maximum usage area for dwellers. This study analyzed the space efficiency in contemporary supertall residential buildings. Data was collected from 27 buildings, using a literature survey and a case study method, to examine space efficiency and the main architectural and structural design considerations affecting it. The results of this research highlighted that: (1) central core was the most common type of design parameter; (2) prismatic forms were the most preferred building forms; (3) the frequent use of reinforced concrete was identified, compared to steel and composite; (4) the most common structural system was an outriggered frame system; (5) the space efficiency decreased as the building height increased, in which core planning played a critical role; (6) when building form groups were compared among themselves, no significant difference was found between their effects on space efficiency, and similar results were valid for structural systems. It is believed that this study will help and direct architects in the design and implementation of supertall residential projects.

Sparse Solution Techniques in Load and Damage Monitoring Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Claus Peter Fritzen ◽  
Daniel Ginsberg
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Damage Identification ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Sparse Solution ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
Force Reconstruction ◽  
Solution Techniques

Load monitoring and damage identification are important tasks in the field of Structural Health Monitoring and are necessary for assessing the structural integrity and predicting the remaining useful life time. Reconstructing unknown force inputs or system parameters usually involves the solution of an inverse problem which is mostly ill-posed and therefore needs regularization. Using prior information about the desired values is advisable for obtaining meaningful solutions. Damages like for example cracks can often be interpreted as spatial singularities, which cause local stiffness reductions of the observed structures. Damage identification is the task of localizingand quantifying these stiffness reductions. On the other hand, unknown structure excitation usually has also some specia lcharacteristics which can be assumed as known apriori, e.g. spatial concentration for singular forces, short time duration for impact loads or narrow frequency bands for harmonic loads. In this case force reconstruction becomes also a localization and magnitude estimation problem. Thischaracteristic information is used to transform the inverse problem into a sparse recovery task. Inthe last years sparsity constrained regularization of inverse problem has attracted a lot of attention inapplied mathematics, especially in the context of compressive sensing.In this contribution it is shown how sparse solution techniques can be applied in monitoring sys-tems and how this will improve the reconstruction results and additionally reduce the number of required sensors.

scholarly journals Evaluating integrated lighting projects

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Smart Sensors ◽  
Industry Professionals ◽  
Assisted Technologies

The report targets industry professionals, building designers, lighting designers, building managers, researchers and/or owners wishing to evaluate projects where lighting is supplied by a combination of electrical lighting, daylighting systems (e.g., fenestrations) and assisted technologies (e.g., smart sensors). The framework in this report makes available methods and procedures related to the evaluation of integrated lighting performance in residential and non-residential buildings and its impact on users, and it summarises and categorize methods and procedures in an accessible and industry-oriented language.

scholarly journals Modelling Customers’ Perception of the Quality of Services Provided by Builders: A Case of Victoria, Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Argaw Gurmu ◽  
Anna Galluzzo ◽  
John Kite
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
The Body ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Satisfaction Level

Consumer satisfaction is essential for quality assurance, business survival and economic prosperity. It can also be used as an indicator of the occurrence of defects in the houses delivered by builders. The objective of this study is to compare the quality of services provided by volume and small builders, and to develop a model for predicting the chance of occurrence of structural defects in houses. A list of home builders was obtained from Australia’s Housing Industry Association media release 2019. Thereafter, customer reviews of 10 volume builders and 107 small builders were obtained from publicly available data. Overall, 2336 reviews for volume-builders and 2037 reviews for small builders were analysed quantitatively. Further, using the scores provided by customers, the probability-based regression model for the structural integrity of residential buildings was developed. Generally, the research found that for volume-builders, customers have the highest satisfaction level for ‘customer service’ and the lowest satisfaction level for ‘plumbing and waterproofing’ work. However, for small builders, customers have the highest confidence in the ‘structural integrity’ of their buildings and the least confidence in projects ‘timeliness’. Clients can use the stochastic-based model to predict the probability that a builder could deliver a house with low structural defects. The model showed that if a customer service score for a particular builder is less than 3.3, then there is a higher chance of having structural defects. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by developing and validating the logistic regression model that can be used as a tool to assess the quality of services provided by home builders. Moreover, the research provides useful information which can assist builders to improve the quality of services they provide.

scholarly journals Leveraging Visual Outcome Measures to Advance Therapy Development in Neuroimmunologic Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e1126
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Graves ◽  
Frederike Cosima Oertel ◽  
Anneke Van der Walt ◽  
Sara Collorone ◽  
Elias S. Sotirchos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Visual Outcomes ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Study Designs

The visual system offers unparalleled precision in the assessment of neuroaxonal damage. With the majority of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experiencing afferent and efferent visual dysfunction, outcome measures capturing these deficits provide insight into neuroaxonal injury, even in those with minimal disability. Ideal for use in clinical trials, visual measures are generally inexpensive, accessible, and reproducible. Quantification of visual acuity, visual fields, visual quality of life, and electrophysiologic parameters allows assessment of function, whereas optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides reliable measures of the structural integrity of the anterior afferent visual pathway. The technology of oculomotor biometrics continues to advance, and discrete measures of fixation, smooth pursuit, and saccadic eye movement abnormalities are ready for inclusion in future trials of MS progression. Visual outcomes allow tracking of neuroaxonal injury and aid in distinguishing MS from diseases such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated diseases (MOGAD). OCT has also provided unique insights into pathophysiology, including the identification of foveal pitting in NMOSD, possibly from damage to Müller cells, which carry an abundance of aquaporin-4 channels. For some study designs, the cost-benefit ratio favors visual outcomes over more expensive MRI outcomes. With the next frontier of therapeutics focused on remyelination and neuroprotection, visual outcomes are likely to take center stage. As an international community of collaborative, committed, vision scientists, this review by the International MS Visual System Consortium (IMSVISUAL) outlines the quality standards, informatics, and framework needed to routinely incorporate vision outcomes into MS and NMOSD trials.

Electron Beam Damage of Biomolecules Assessed by Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
M. Isaacson ◽  
M.L. Collins ◽  
M. Listvan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Atom Migration ◽  
Beam Damage

Over the past five years it has become evident that radiation damage provides the fundamental limit to the study of blomolecular structure by electron microscopy. In some special cases structural determinations at very low doses can be achieved through superposition techniques to study periodic (Unwin & Henderson, 1975) and nonperiodic (Saxton & Frank, 1977) specimens. In addition, protection methods such as glucose embedding (Unwin & Henderson, 1975) and maintenance of specimen hydration at low temperatures (Taylor & Glaeser, 1976) have also shown promise. Despite these successes, the basic nature of radiation damage in the electron microscope is far from clear. In general we cannot predict exactly how different structures will behave during electron Irradiation at high dose rates. Moreover, with the rapid rise of analytical electron microscopy over the last few years, nvicroscopists are becoming concerned with questions of compositional as well as structural integrity. It is important to measure changes in elemental composition arising from atom migration in or loss from the specimen as a result of electron bombardment.

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