Deixis methodology for the study of folk tale semantics

Deixis study is a part of cosmo-psycho-logical and psycho-semantic study of folktales. Growing interest to their flexion and study of the sociological, psychological and philosophical categories in the language determines the relevance of our work. The aim of the work is to formulate a methodology for the deixis study of folk tales’ semantics. The material of the study is works of the tale researchers and works of the researchers of methods and models of scientific cognition. The research methods include the comparative-evolutionary historical principle of cognition in the model of the cultural-typical method of cognition in the CPL system with the recognition of the differences priority of differences and the similarities secondary role, the formation of psycho-semantics, deixis semantics of folk tales models, a comparative research of the ethnic tales and epics types. The results demonstrate thatthe deixis methodology allows us to perform a comparative analysis of the ethnic meaning of the folk tale. The forms of ethnic relative deixis are a formalization of subjects, objects, and the effectiveness of action in history, and relative assessments. Ethnic social deixis reveals the logic of the chronotope of social interactions and their social meaning, meliorative, admirative, pejorative, desiderative, inherent and adherent, and fear assessments. Ethnic nominative deixis is the formalization by linguistic means of roles in intuitional situations of life, recursion, and ethnic assessments. Ethnic indicative deixis reveals estimates of aspiration. Ethnic absolute deixis reveals absolute estimates of the ideal/final result of history.

Optimal ANN-SNN Conversion for Fast and Accurate Inference in Deep Spiking Neural Networks

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), as bio-inspired energy-efficient neural networks, have attracted great attentions from researchers and industry. The most efficient way to train deep SNNs is through ANN-SNN conversion. However, the conversion usually suffers from accuracy loss and long inference time, which impede the practical application of SNN. In this paper, we theoretically analyze ANN-SNN conversion and derive sufficient conditions of the optimal conversion. To better correlate ANN-SNN and get greater accuracy, we propose Rate Norm Layer to replace the ReLU activation function in source ANN training, enabling direct conversion from a trained ANN to an SNN. Moreover, we propose an optimal fit curve to quantify the fit between the activation value of source ANN and the actual firing rate of target SNN. We show that the inference time can be reduced by optimizing the upper bound of the fit curve in the revised ANN to achieve fast inference. Our theory can explain the existing work on fast reasoning and get better results. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves near loss-less conversion with VGG-16, PreActResNet-18, and deeper structures. Moreover, it can reach 8.6× faster reasoning performance under 0.265× energy consumption of the typical method. The code is available at https://github.com/DingJianhao/OptSNNConvertion-RNL-RIL.

THE EFFECT OF BRASS (Cu-Zn) CATALYTIC CONVERTER ENGINE PERFORMANCE

Installing a catalytic converter in the exhaust is a typical method of reducing engine exhaust emissions. Catalytic converters have been shown to lower exhaust pollutants while enhancing engine performance. The influence of the number of brass catalyst plates (Cu-Zn) on the Performance of the commercial Yamaha Jupiter MX motorcycle engine manufactured in 2007 was investigated in this study. The catalyst is installed in the motorbike exhaust, with the number of catalyst plates varying between 5 and 8, and a conventional uncatalyzed exhaust serving as a comparison. Torque, power, specific fuel consumption, and thermal efficiency are among the performance factors that will be considered. A prony brake dynamometer was used to conduct torque and power measurements. The results indicate that exhaust with eight catalyst plates can improve engine performance more than an exhaust with five catalyst plates. Furthermore, exhausts equipped with eight catalyst plates can boost engine efficiency by an average of 17.65%. Thus, increasing the number of catalyst brass plates improves the machine's efficiency.

New Methodology of Slot Recovery Minimizing Milling Operation

Slot recovery operation can be considered as one of the most time consuming operation. Cut and pull casings, or milling casings have been carried out as typical method of slot recovery. However there are a lot of risks with this typical method such as poor progress of milling, damaging top drive due to high vibration while milling or sudden string jumping up while overpulling and possibility of string stuck caused by poor hole cleaning while milling. We have completed slot recovery operations on numbers of wells, but there were a lot of troubles caused by above mentioned adversaries on rig equipment and taking a lot of time to complete operation. There are several kinds of new slot recovery technologies that may save rig time and less harmful than conventional method. Casing Pulling Tool (CPT) is one of the new technologies which eliminates or mitigates risks mentioned above. CPT has piston internally and it is activated by applying pressure inside string. CPT is run with casing spear and drill pipes. Once spear is engaged with casing and apply pressure inside drill string, CPT provides pulling force on casing. Pulling force is varied depend on the applied pressure and maximum available pulling force is more than 1,000 kips. Hence upper part of string is anchored at rotary table by slips, pulling force is applied on casing and drill string below rotary table. This means no pulling force is applied on top drive and minimize the chance of getting damage on it. As an actual case, we could successfully recover 13-3/8" casing by CPT without having any troubles and complete slot recovery operation with saving rig time compared to the conventional methods. This paper introduces the details about the case mentioned above.

Design and experimental study of a mutual inductance displacement sensor for active magnetic bearings

A type of mutual inductance displacement sensor based on probe circuit board (PCB) technology is discussed in this paper. Firstly, the basic structure and principle of the sensor are introduced and an objective function of calculation is proposed for the optimisation of sensitivity. Then, the influence of design parameters on sensor performance is explored and some design experience is summarised. At the same time, a typical method of circuit implementation for the sensor is introduced and the static experiments are carried out with this method. Compared with the sensors reported in the literature, it is concluded that the index of the experimental sensor has reached a good level.

Automatic Essay Answer Rating Using the Text Similarity Method

Assesments are required in order to evaluate the performance of students. A typical method of learning assesments in class is by examination. An essay type exam is a form of assesment where there are no answer choices provided and generally applied to measure the students’ level of understanding of the knowledge. To asses the quality of the essay answers manually is a subjective task as well as time consuming. In this reasearch, we propose an automatic method of assessing essay answers by applying the cosine similarity method. In this research, the students’ answer document and the correct answer document are used as input. Both documents are then preprocessed and represented in vector form using word2vec. We then measure the similarity between the documents by calculating the cosine similarity of the two vectors. The cosine similarity values are converted back again and used as the final grades. The results of the final grade are then compared to the values given by the instructor to show accuracy of the proposed approach.

Timber Portal Frames vs Timber Truss-Based Systems for Residential Buildings

A large number of structures have been built during or after the construction of a house or residential-zoned building, which are not built at the same time and/or integrally with the structural integrity of the residential dwelling. These include carports, pergolas, sheds, and barns. The typical method of constructing these structures is a general timber truss and column system. The aim of this study is to look at the feasibility and economic incentive that may be gained from using a timber portal frame system, similar to the steel or timber portal frames used for larger industrial constructions, over the traditional timber truss and column arrangement. In this study, designs for three cases of timber truss and timber portals were carried out using industry appropriate methods and standards. Using the design information and data gathered through talks with industry professionals, both methods of construction were compared on cost and overall time duration. From the comparison of the truss and portal designs, the use of timber portal frames over timber truss systems proved to have advantage in relation to overall cost and man power involved. This could certainly affect the current attitude towards the construction of small residential buildings in the future.

THE USE BY THE INVESTIGATOR OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE FORENSIC CHARACTERIZATION OF “CONTRACT” MURDERS WHEN INSPECTING THE SCENE

The article analyzes the scientific approaches to the conceptual apparatus of forensic characterization of crimes and suggests that the forensic characterization of “contract” murders be considered as a system of significant forensic information about the signs of the preparation of the organizer (“customer”) to commit a murder, the identity of the perpetrator, the identity of the victim, typical murder methods, the circumstances of its commission, typical traces of a crime, the use of which allows the investigator, taking into account the specific situation determine the inspection tasks of the scene, investigative techniques. The main elements of the forensic characterization of the “ordered” murder are considered. An important element of the forensic characterization is the method of murder, which includes a method of preparing for a crime, a method of committing murder, a method of hiding traces of murder. Knowledge by the investigator of typical methods of murder will contribute to promptness in the search for the murder weapon, the identity of the criminal, traces, physical evidence, the solution of the main tasks of inspecting the scene, and solving the crime in hot pursuit. Forensic knowledge of the investigator on the preparatory actions of the organizer, the stages of the preparation of the “customer” and the executor (killer) of the murder are essential for the investigation of the “ordered” murders. In the process of preparing for the murder, the “executor” plans in advance how to conceal traces of the murder. Identifying and fixing the material traces at the scene of the incident will help the investigator to simulate the “trail picture” of the “contract” murder, to put forward versions of the identity of the perpetrator, the person of the victim. Using the investigator, tactical rules, forensic recommendations when inspecting the scene of the incident will quickly reveal and investigate the “ordered” murder. Key words: forensic characteristic, typical method of killing “by order”, the preparatory action of the “customer”, the typical traces of the murder, a crime scene examination.

Max Weber and the Idea of the Occident

Max Weber believed that the Occident had produced a set of unique institutions whose distinctiveness could be characterized using ideal types that accentuated their type and degree of “rationalism.” The rise of modern capitalism, one element within this set, had been enabled by the presence of other elements, he famously argued, none of which had indigenously arisen anywhere else in the world. This chapter reconstructs Weber’s idea of the Occident and examines how he understood the place of his own “modern European cultural world” within the development of occidental rationalism. It also considers the ways in which Weber’s comparative project might have been contaminated by various forms of “Eurocentric” biases, such as cultural prejudices, misapprehensions of Western uniqueness, and inept applications of the ideal-typical method. The most serious methodological difficulty with Weber’s comparative project is not his assertion of occidental difference, this chapter suggests, but rather his assumption that many paradigmatic cultural institutions were shared by societies whose developmental trajectories ultimately diverged. By attempting to understand non-Western institutions in terms of ideal types that were derived from European experiences, Weber often failed to appreciate the distinctive norms that structured the dynamism of non-Western societies.

Synthesis and Properties of Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) Hydrogels and Their Recent Applications in Load-Bearing Tissue

Photocrosslinked gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels have attracted great concern in the biomedical field because of their good biocompatibility and tunable physicochemical properties. Herein, different approaches to synthesize GelMA were introduced, especially, the typical method using UV light to crosslink the gelatin-methacrylic anhydride (MA) precursor was introduced in detail. In addition, the traditional and cutting-edge technologies to characterize the properties of GelMA hydrogels and GelMA prepolymer were also overviewed and compared. Furthermore, the applications of GelMA hydrogels in cell culture and tissue engineering especially in the load-bearing tissue (bone and cartilage) were summarized, followed by concluding remarks.