scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Diosgenin and Its Major Derivatives against Neurological Diseases: Recent Advances

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bangrong Cai ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Zengtao Wang ◽  
Dujuan Xu ◽  
Yongyan Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Diosgenin (DG), a well-known steroidal sapogenin, is present abundantly in medicinal herbs such as Dioscorea rhizome, Dioscorea villosa, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Smilax China, and Rhizoma polgonati. DG is utilized as a major starting material for the production of steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to its wide range of pharmacological activities and medicinal properties, it has been used in the treatment of cancers, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and infections. Numerous studies have reported that DG is useful in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases. Its therapeutic mechanisms are based on the mediation of different signaling pathways, and targeting these pathways might lead to the development of effective therapeutic agents for neurological diseases. The present review mainly summarizes recent progress using DG and its derivatives as therapeutic agents for multiple neurological disorders along with their various mechanisms in the central nervous system. In particular, those related to therapeutic efficacy for Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, brain injury, neuroinflammation, and ischemia are discussed. This review article also critically evaluates existing limitations associated with the solubility and bioavailability of DG and discusses imperatives for translational clinical research. It briefly recapitulates recent advances in structural modification and novel formulations to increase the therapeutic efficacy and brain levels of DG. In the present review, databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were used for studies of DG and its derivatives in the treatment of central nervous system diseases published in English until December 10, 2019. Three independent researchers examined articles for eligibility. A total of 150 articles were screened from the above scientific literature databases. Finally, a total of 46 articles were extracted and included in this review. Keywords related to glioma, ischemia, memory, aging, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer, Parkinson, and neurodegenerative disorders were searched in the databases based on DG and its derivatives.

Role of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and its receptor in the central nervous system: therapeutic potential in neurological diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 394-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia P. Figueiredo ◽  
Fabrício A. Pamplona ◽  
Tânia L. Mazzuco ◽  
Aderbal S. Aguiar ◽  
Roger Walz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Sigma receptors and neurological disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Piechal ◽  
Alicja Jakimiuk ◽  
Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Sigma Receptor ◽  
Sigma Receptors ◽  
Receptor Function ◽  
Central Nervous System Disorders ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstarctSigma receptors were identified relatively recently, and their presence has been confirmed in the central nervous system and peripheral organs. Changes in sigma receptor function or expression may be involved in neurological diseases, and thus sigma receptors represent a potential target for treating central nervous system disorders. Many substances that are ligands for sigma receptors are widely used in therapies for neurological disorders. In the present review, we discuss the roles of sigma receptors, especially in the central nervous system disorders, and related therapies. Graphic abstract

Central Nervous System Disorders Associated To Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Fanine de Souza ◽  
Julia Petry Trevisani ◽  
Letícia Caroline Breis ◽  
Luís Gustavo Marcelino Sizenando ◽  
Marco Antônio Machado Schlindwein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Central Nervous System Disorders ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System

: New therapies and alternatives for the containment of tumor progression are being proposed for the treatment of cancer. In this context, monoclonal therapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) come as a therapeutic proposal. They are responsible for immunological control by blocking PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 molecules. However, among the effects caused by therapy, the use of medications is associated with neurological diseases reported as an adverse effect, affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and causing a wide range of symptoms. In this regard, the present bibliographic review presents the main CNS disorders associated with this therapy, in addition to the incidence, symptoms and treatment of these diseases.

Mills' syndrome. A clinical case of a rare degenerative pathology of the central nervous system

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Konstantin Gulyabin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Primary Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
System A ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Primary Lateral ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Mills Syndrome

Mills' syndrome is a rare neurological disorder. Its nosological nature is currently not completely determined. Nevertheless, Mills' syndrome is considered to be a rare variant of the degenerative pathology of the central nervous system – a variant of focal cortical atrophy. The true prevalence of this pathology is unknown, since this condition is more often of a syndrome type, observed in the clinical picture of a number of neurological diseases (primary lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, etc.) and is less common in isolated form.

RAS in the Central Nervous System: Potential Role in Neuropsychiatric Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (28) ◽  
pp. 3333-3352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Pessoa Rocha ◽  
Ana Cristina Simoes e Silva ◽  
Thiago Ruiz Rodrigues Prestes ◽  
Victor Feracin ◽  
Caroline Amaral Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Mas Receptor ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Background: The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is a key regulator of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis, but also plays important roles in mediating physiological functions in the central nervous system (CNS). The effects of the RAS were classically described as mediated by angiotensin (Ang) II via angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors. However, another arm of the RAS formed by the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Ang-(1-7) and the Mas receptor has been a matter of investigation due to its important physiological roles, usually counterbalancing the classical effects exerted by Ang II. Objective: We aim to provide an overview of effects elicited by the RAS, especially Ang-(1-7), in the brain. We also aim to discuss the therapeutic potential for neuropsychiatric disorders for the modulation of RAS. Method: We carried out an extensive literature search in PubMed central. Results: Within the brain, Ang-(1-7) contributes to the regulation of blood pressure by acting at regions that control cardiovascular functions. In contrast with Ang II, Ang-(1-7) improves baroreflex sensitivity and plays an inhibitory role in hypothalamic noradrenergic neurotransmission. Ang-(1-7) not only exerts effects related to blood pressure regulation, but also acts as a neuroprotective component of the RAS, for instance, by reducing cerebral infarct size, inflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Conclusion: Pre-clinical evidence supports a relevant role for ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis in several neuropsychiatric conditions, including stress-related and mood disorders, cerebrovascular ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions and neurodegenerative diseases. However, very few data are available regarding the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis in human CNS.

scholarly journals Delivery of Therapeutic Agents to the Central Nervous System and the Promise of Extracellular Vesicles

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. René ◽  
Robin J. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Delivery Vehicles

The central nervous system (CNS) is surrounded by the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a semipermeable border of endothelial cells that prevents pathogens, solutes and most molecules from non-selectively crossing into the CNS. Thus, the BBB acts to protect the CNS from potentially deleterious insults. Unfortunately, the BBB also frequently presents a significant barrier to therapies, impeding passage of drugs and biologicals to target cells within the CNS. This review provides an overview of different approaches to deliver therapeutics across the BBB, with an emphasis in extracellular vesicles as delivery vehicles to the CNS.

scholarly journals Current management of brain metastases

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (04) ◽  
pp. 347-351
Author(s):  
Pedro Tadao Hamamoto Filho ◽  
Vitor César Machado ◽  
Flávio Ramalho Romero ◽  
Luis Gustavo Ducati ◽  
Marco Antônio Zanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Whole Brain Radiotherapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Brain Radiotherapy ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Treatment Surgery

AbstractBrain metastases are the most common tumors within the central nervous system. Recent advances on diagnosis and treatment modalities have allowed for longer survival. In this paper we review the indication of each modality of treatment: surgery, whole brain radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery, as also recent advances on the knowledge of brain metastases biology that may improve the use of medical treatment and chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Vesicular dysfunction and pathways to neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cellular Control

Abstract Cellular control of vesicle biology and trafficking is critical for cell viability, with disruption of these pathways within the cells of the central nervous system resulting in neurodegeneration and disease. The past two decades have provided important insights into both the genetic and biological links between vesicle trafficking and neurodegeneration. In this essay, the pathways that have emerged as being critical for neuronal survival in the human brain will be discussed – illustrating the diversity of proteins and cellular events with three molecular case studies drawn from different neurological diseases.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Role of CSF1R in the Central Nervous System and Neurological Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banglian Hu ◽  
Shengshun Duan ◽  
Ziwei Wang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Yuhang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Axonal Spheroids ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stimulating Factor

The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is a key tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor modulating microglial homeostasis, neurogenesis, and neuronal survival in the central nervous system (CNS). CSF1R, which can be proteolytically cleaved into a soluble ectodomain and an intracellular protein fragment, supports the survival of myeloid cells upon activation by two ligands, colony stimulating factor 1 and interleukin 34. CSF1R loss-of-function mutations are the major cause of adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) and its dysfunction has also been implicated in other neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we review the physiological functions of CSF1R in the CNS and its pathological effects in neurological disorders including ALSP, AD, frontotemporal dementia and multiple sclerosis. Understanding the pathophysiology of CSF1R is critical for developing targeted therapies for related neurological diseases.

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