Study on Mechanical Properties and Fire Resistance of Epoxy Nanocomposite Reinforced with Environmentally Friendly Additive: Nanoclay I.30E

The main purpose of this study is to complete the research process of dispersing nanoclay I.30E (montmorillonite) into epoxy Epikote 240 by mechanical method combined with energy-saving ultrasonic method. We investigate appropriate dispersion conditions such as stirring speed, mechanical stirring temperature, ultrasonic stirring time, and ultrasonic stirring capacity, which affect the mechanical properties and fire resistance of nanocomposite materials. The nanoclay contents studied were 1, 2, 3, and 4% by weight, and the methods used in this study are FE-SEM; XRD; and flame-retardant evaluation methods: LOI, UL 94HB. The mechanical properties were studied: tensile strength, flexural strength, compression strength, and impact resistance Izod. The dispersion method was recommended to stir mechanically at a speed of 3000 rpm at 80°C for 8 hours and then conduct ultrasonic vibrations for 6 hours at 65°C. The results showed that epoxy Epikote 240/nanoclay I.30E nanocomposite material had mechanical properties and improved fire retardancy with a small amount of nanoclay I.30E added (2% by weight): tensile strength of 63.5 MPa (increased by 13.59%), flexural strength of 116.80 MPa (increased by 34.63%), compressive strength of 179.67 MPa (increased by 15.11%), impact resistance Izod of 12.81 KJ/m2 (increased by 80.16%), oxygen limit of 23.7%, and combustion rate of 24.5 mm/min; according to UL 94HB, the combustion rate reached 22.59 mm/min.

Download Full-text

Mechanical and Flame-Retardant Properties of Nanocomposite Based on Epoxy Resin Combined with Epoxidized Linseed Oil, Which Has the Presence of Nanoclay and MWCNTs

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2020/2353827 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tuan Anh Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Fire Resistance ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Limiting Oxygen Index

One of the main disadvantages of epoxy resins is brittleness and flammability, which is one of the biggest threats and the reason for limiting advanced applications. In this study, Epikote 240 (EP) epoxy resin was plasticized with epoxidized flaxseed oil (ELO) at different concentrations (EP/ELO ratios 95/5; 90/10; 85/15; 80/20; 75/25). Then, nanoclay additives and MWCNTs are simultaneously dispersed into the EP/ELO blend by using ultrasonic vibration. The dispersion of ELO and nanoclay additives (nanoclay and MWCNTs) in epoxy resin is observed by using the scanning electron microscope in combination with the XRD method. The effect of ELO, nanoadditives on mechanical properties, and flame retardants is assessed by tensile strength, flexural strength, compressive strength, impact resistance, UL 94HB method, and limiting oxygen index. Experimental results have shown that the mixing ratio of 90/10 w/w is the ratio for good compatibility, high mechanical properties, and fire retardation compared with other ratios. When adding MWCNTs as well as nanoclay I.30E to Epikote 240 epoxy, the mechanical strength and fire resistance have changed greatly: tensile strength of 85.45 MPa, flexural strength of 116.32 MPa, compressive strength of 189.25 MPa, impact resistance Izod of 24.37 kJ/m2, and fire resistance reached at V1.

Download Full-text

Effect of combined drink cans and steel fibers on the impact resistance and mechanical properties of concrete

JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES ◽

10.15282/jmes.14.2.2020.15.0527 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 6734-6742

Author(s):

A. Syamsir ◽

S. M. Mubin ◽

N. M. Nor ◽

V. Anggraini ◽

S. Nagappan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽

Steel Fibers ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Indirect Tensile ◽

The Impact

This study investigated the combine effect of 0.2 % drink cans and steel fibers with volume fractions of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3% to the mechanical properties and impact resistance of concrete. Hooked-end steel fiber with 30 mm and 0.75 mm length and diameter, respectively was selected for this study. The drinks cans fiber were twisted manually in order to increase friction between fiber and concrete. The results of the experiment showed that the combination of steel fibers and drink cans fibers improved the strength performance of concrete, especially the compressive strength, flexural strength and indirect tensile strength. The results of the experiment showed that the combination of steel fibers and drink cans fibers improved the compressive strength, flexural strength and indirect tensile strength by 2.3, 7, and 2 times as compare to batch 1, respectively. Moreover, the impact resistance of fiber reinforced concrete has increase by 7 times as compared to non-fiber concretes. Moreover, the impact resistance of fiber reinforced concrete consistently gave better results as compared to non-fiber concretes. The fiber reinforced concrete turned more ductile as the dosage of fibers was increased and ductility started to decrease slightly after optimum fiber dosage was reached. It was found that concrete with combination of 2% steel and 0.2% drink cans fibers showed the highest compressive, split tensile, flexural as well as impact strength.

Download Full-text

Mechanical Property Improvement of Poly(Butylene Succinate) by Reinforcing with Modified Fumed Silica

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.215 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1025-1026 ◽

pp. 215-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sasirada Weerasunthorn ◽

Pranut Potiyaraj

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Fumed Silica ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Silica Particles ◽

Melt Mixing ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Ir Spectrophotometry

Fumed silica particles (SiO2) were directly added into poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) by melt mixing process. The effects of amount of fumed silica particles on mechanical properties of PBS/fumed silica composites, those are tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength as well as flexural strength, were investigated. It was found that the mechanical properties decreased with increasing fumed silica loading (0-3 wt%). In order to increase polymer-filler interaction, fumed silica was treated with 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GPMS), and its structure was analyzed by FT-IR spectrophotometry. The PBS/modified was found to possess better tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength and flexural strength that those of PBS/fumed silica composites.

Download Full-text

Performance Evaluation of Cellulose Nanofiber with Residual Hemicellulose as a Nanofiller in Polypropylene-Based Nanocomposite

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13071064 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1064

Author(s):

Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim ◽

Hidayah Ariffin ◽

Tengku Arisyah Tengku Yasim-Anuar ◽

Mohd Ali Hassan ◽

Nor Azowa Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Stability ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Performance Evaluation ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Decomposition Temperature ◽

Cellulose Nanofiber ◽

Hemicellulose Removal ◽

Reinforcement Material

Residual hemicellulose could enhance cellulose nanofiber (CNF) processing as it impedes the agglomeration of the nanocellulose fibrils and contributes to complete nanofibrillation within a shorter period of time. Its effect on CNF performance as a reinforcement material is unclear, and hence this study seeks to evaluate the performance of CNF in the presence of amorphous hemicellulose as a reinforcement material in a polypropylene (PP) nanocomposite. Two types of CNF were prepared: SHS-CNF, which contained about 11% hemicellulose, and KOH-CNF, with complete hemicellulose removal. Mechanical properties of the PP/SHS-CNF and PP/KOH-CNF showed an almost similar increment in tensile strength (31% and 32%) and flexural strength (28% and 29%) when 3 wt.% of CNF was incorporated in PP, indicating that hemicellulose in SHS-CNF did not affect the mechanical properties of the PP nanocomposite. The crystallinity of both PP/SHS-CNF and PP/KOH-CNF nanocomposites showed an almost similar value at 55–56%. A slight decrement in thermal stability was seen, whereby the decomposition temperature at 10% weight loss (Td10%) of PP/SHS-CNF was 6 °C lower at 381 °C compared to 387 °C for PP/KOH-CNF, which can be explained by the degradation of thermally unstable hemicellulose. The results from this study showed that the presence of some portion of hemicellulose in CNF did not affect the CNF properties, suggesting that complete hemicellulose removal may not be necessary for the preparation of CNF to be used as a reinforcement material in nanocomposites. This will lead to less harsh pretreatment for CNF preparation and, hence, a more sustainable nanocomposite can be produced.

Download Full-text

Influence of the Composition of Cement Mortars Modified by Lime or Polymers on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Mortars

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.592-593.647 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 592-593 ◽

pp. 647-650 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Małgorzata Lenart

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Polymer Composites ◽

Adhesion Strength ◽

Hardened Cement ◽

Cement Mortars ◽

Styrene Butadiene

Cement – polymer composites are nowadays widely used in repair systems not only in case of concrete or reinforced concrete constructions but also in masonry. Polymers addition for example already at 5% m.c. modifies the structure of the cement – polymer composite in a way that many of the mechanical properties such as flexural strength, tensile strength or adhesion to substrates are improved. The paper presents the results of tests such as flexural, compressive or adhesion strength to ceramic substrate of hardened cement mortars with different composition, as well as selected cement mortars modified by two polymers: polyvinyl alcohol and styrene – butadiene polymer dosed at 5 % m.c. Four types of cement mortars modified by lime (component used in historical constructions as well as in contemporary masonry mortars) are also examined for comparison.

Download Full-text

Effect of Weld Line Formation on Morphology and Mechanical Properties for 3D-MID Technology

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.659.659 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 659 ◽

pp. 659-665

Author(s):

Supakit Chuaping ◽

Thomas Mann ◽

Rapeephun Dangtungee ◽

Suchart Siengchin

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Injection Molding ◽

Filler Content ◽

Research Work ◽

Weld Line ◽

Processing Conditions ◽

High Reduction ◽

Flexural Tests

The topic of this research work was to demonstrate the feasibility of a 3D-MID concept using injection molding technique and investigate the effects of two weld line types on the structure and mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural strength and morphology. In order to obtain more understanding of the bonds between polymer and metals, two different polymer bases of polyphthalamide (PPA) with the same type and amount of filler content were produced by injection molding at the different processing conditions. A mold was designed in such a way that weld and meld line can be produced with different angles by changing as insert inside of the mold. The mechanical properties such as stiffness, tensile strength and flexural strength were determined in tensile and flexural tests, respectively. The results showed in line with the expectation of high reduction on mechanical properties in area where weld/meld lines occurred. The result of tensile test was clearly seen that weld and meld line showed a considerable influence on mechanical properties. The reduction in tensile strength was approximately 58% according to weld line types, whereas in flexural strength was approximately 62%. On the other hand, the effect of the injection times and mold temperatures on the tensile strength were marginal.

Download Full-text

Effect of using magnetic water on the mechanical properties of concrete exposed to elevated temperature

International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation ◽

10.1108/ijbpa-12-2020-0111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Wasim Barham ◽

Ammar AL-Maabreh ◽

Omar Latayfeh

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Elevated Temperature ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Tap Water ◽

Splitting Tensile Strength ◽

Content Type ◽

Normal Water ◽

Magnetic Water

PurposeThe influence of using magnetic water instead of tap water in the mechanical properties of the concrete exposed to elevated temperatures was investigated. Two concrete mixes were used and cast with the same ingredients. Tap water was used in the first mix and magnetic water was used in the second mix. A total of 48 specimens were cast and divided as follows: 16 cylinders for the concrete compressive strength test (8 samples for each mix), 16 cylinders for the splitting tensile strength (8 specimens for each mix) and 16 beams to test the influences of magnetized water on the flexural strength of concrete (8 specimens for each mixture). Specimens were exposed to temperatures of (25 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C and 600 °C). The experimental results showed that magnetic water highly affected the mechanical properties of concrete. Specimens cast and curried out with magnetic water show higher compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength compared to normal water specimens at all temperatures. The relative strength range between the two types of water used was 110–123% for compressive strength and 110–133% for splitting strength. For the center point loading test, the relative flexural strength range was 118–140%. The use of magnetic water in mixing concrete contribute to a more complete hydration process.Design/methodology/approachExperimental study was carried out on two concrete mixes to investigate the effect of magnetic water. Mix#1 used normal water as the mixing water, and Mix#2 used magnetic water instead of normal water. After 28 days, all the samples were taken out of the tank and left to dry for seven days, then they were divided into different groups. Each group was exposed to a different temperature where it was placed in a large oven for two hours. Three different tests were carried out on the samples, these tests were concrete compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength.FindingsExposure of concrete to high temperatures had a significant influence on concrete mechanical properties. Specimens prepared using magnetic water showed higher compressive strength at all temperature levels. The use of magnetic water in casting and curing concrete can increase the compressive strength by 23%. Specimens prepared using magnetic water show higher splitting tensile strength at all temperatures up to 33%. The use of magnetic water in casting and curing can strengthen and increase concrete resistance to high temperatures, a significant enhancement in flexural strength at all temperatures was found with a value up to 40%.Originality/valuePrevious research proved the advantages of using magnetic water for improving the mechanical properties of concrete under normal conditions. The potential of using magnetic water in the concrete industry in the future requires conducting extensive research to study the behavior of magnetized concrete under severe conditions to which concrete structures may be subjected to. These days, there are attempts to obtain stronger concrete with high resistance to harsh environmental conditions without adding new costly ingredients to its main mixture. No research has been carried out to investigate the effect of magnetic water on the mechanical properties of concrete exposed to elevated temperature. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of using magnetic water on the mechanical properties of hardened concrete subjected to elevated temperature.

Download Full-text

The Mechanical Properties of Steel-Polypropylene Fibre Composites Concrete (HyFRCC)

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.949 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 773-774 ◽

pp. 949-953 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Izni Syahrizal Ibrahim ◽

Wan Amizah Wan Jusoh ◽

Abdul Rahman Mohd Sam ◽

Nur Ain Mustapa ◽

Sk Muiz Sk Abdul Razak

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Concrete Strength ◽

Fibre Volume Fraction ◽

Fibre Volume ◽

Polypropylene Fibre ◽

Experimental Results

This paper discusses the experimental results on the mechanical properties of hybrid fibre reinforced composite concrete (HyFRCC) containing different proportions of steel fibre (SF) and polypropylene fibre (PPF). The mechanical properties include compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. SF is known to enhance the flexural and tensile strengths, and at the same time is able to resist the formation of macro cracking. Meanwhile, PPF contributes to the tensile strain capacity and compressive strength, and also delay the formation of micro cracks. Hooked-end deformed type SF fibre with 60 mm length and fibrillated virgin type PPF fibre with 19 mm length are used in this study. Meanwhile, the concrete strength is maintained for grade C30. The percentage proportion of SF-PPF fibres are varied in the range of 100-0%, 75-25%, 50-50%, 25-75% and 0-100% of which the total fibre volume fraction (Vf) is fixed at 0.5%. The experimental results reveal that the percentage proportion of SF-PPF fibres with 75-25% produced the maximum performance of flexural strength, tensile strength and flexural toughness. Meanwhile, the percentage proportion of SF-PPF fibres with 100-0% contributes to the improvement of the compressive strength compared to that of plain concrete.

Download Full-text

Preliminary Study on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Multimaterials ABS/PC Parts: Effect of Printing Parameters

Journal of Physical Science ◽

10.21315/jps2021.32.2.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 87-104

Author(s):

Pui-Voon Yap ◽

Ming-Yeng Chan ◽

Seong-Chun Koay

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Young’S Modulus ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Flexural Modulus ◽

Nozzle Diameter ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Printing Parameters ◽

Printing Speed

This research work highlights the mechanical properties of multi-material by fused deposition modelling (FDM). The specimens for tensile and flexural test have been printed using polycarbonate (PC) material at different combinations of printing parameters. The effects of varied printing speed, infill density and nozzle diameter on the mechanical properties of specimens have been investigated. Multi-material specimens were fabricated with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as the base material and PC as the reinforced material at the optimum printing parameter combination. The specimens were then subjected to mechanical testing to observe their tensile strength, Young’s modulus, percentage elongation, flexural strength and flexural modulus. The outcome of replacing half of ABS with PC to create a multi-material part has been examined. As demonstrated by the results, the optimum combination of printing parameters is 60 mm/s printing speed, 15% infill density and 0.8 mm nozzle diameter. The combination of ABS and PC materials as reinforcing material has improved the tensile strength (by 38.46%), Young’s modulus (by 23.40%), flexural strength (by 23.90%) and flexural modulus (by 37.33%) while reducing the ductility by 14.31% as compared to pure ABS. The results have been supported by data and graphs of the analysed specimens.

Download Full-text

The effect of curing conditions on the mechanical properties of SIFCON

10.7764/rdlc.20.1.37 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 37-51

Author(s):

Kubilay Akçaözoğlu ◽

◽

Adem Kıllı ◽

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Steel Fiber ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽

Curing Conditions ◽

Accelerated Curing ◽

Aspect Ratios ◽

Curing Method

In this study, the effect of curing conditions on the mechanical properties of slurry infiltrated fiber reinforced concrete (SIFCON) was investigated. For this purpose, SIFCON samples containing 4% and 8% steel fiber with two different aspect ratios were produced. The samples were subjected to three different curing types, namely standard, dry and accelerated curing methods. Ultrasonic wave velocity, flexural strength, fracture toughness, compressive strength, impact resistance and capillary water absorption tests were performed on the samples. The highest flexural strength was found to be achieved in the samples with an aspect ratio of 55 and a content of 8% steel fiber. The most suitable curing method was determined as the standard curing method and the best flexural strength was achieved at the rate of 8%. According to the test results, the best strength properties were achieved in the samples exposed to the standard curing method. In addition, the samples exposed to the accelerated curing method showed satisfactory values. The accelerated curing method can be used as an alternative in SIFCON production especially in applications requiring mass production.

Download Full-text