scholarly journals Capturing the Characteristics of Car-Sharing Users: Data-Driven Analysis and Prediction Based on Classification

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jun Bi ◽  
Ru Zhi ◽  
Dong-Fan Xie ◽  
Xiao-Mei Zhao ◽  
Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Travel Distance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Car Sharing ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
User Management ◽  
Usage Frequency ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Distance Travel

This work explores the characteristics of the usage behaviour of station-based car-sharing users based on the actual operation data from a car-sharing company in Gansu, China. We analyse the characteristics of the users’ demands, such as usage frequency and order quantity, for a day with 24 1 h time intervals. Results show that most car-sharing users are young and middle-aged men with a low reuse rate. The distribution of users’ usage during weekdays shows noticeable morning and evening peaks. We define two attributes, namely, the latent ratio and persistence ratio, as classification indicators to understand the user diversity and heterogeneity thoroughly. We apply the k-means clustering algorithm to group the users into four categories, namely, lost, early loyal, late loyal, and motivated users. The usage characteristics of lost users, including maximum rental time and travel distance, minimum percentage of same pickup and return station, and low percentage of locals, have noticeable differences from those of the other users. Late loyal users have lower rental time and travel distance than those of the other users. This manifestation is in line with the short-term lease of shared cars to complete short- and medium-distance travel design concepts. We also propose a model that predicts the driver cluster based on the decision tree. Numerical tests indicate that the accuracy is 91.61% when the user category is predicted four months in advance using the observation-to-judgment period ratio of 3 : 1. The results in this study can support enterprises in user management.

scholarly journals Design Concepts for NiTiNOL Wires to Function as a Sensor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Josephine Selvarani Ruth
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Mechanical Element ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Inverse Hysteresis

AbstractNickel Titanium Naval Ordinance Laboratory (NiTiNOL) is widely called as a shape memory alloy (SMA), a class of nonlinear smart material inherited with the functionally programmed property of varying electrical resistance during the transformation enabling to be positioned as a sensing element. The major challenge to instrument the SMA wires is to suppress the wires’ nonlinearity by proper selection of two important factors. The first factor is influenced by the mechanical biasing element and the other is to identify the sensing current for the sensing device (SMA wires + biasing). This paper focuses on developing SMA wires for sensing in different orientation types and configurations by removing the non-linearity in the system’s output by introducing inverse hysteresis to the wires through the passive mechanical element.

scholarly journals An Optimal and Stable Algorithm for Clustering Numerical Data

Algorithms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Ali Seman ◽  
Azizian Mohd Sapawi
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Real World ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Stable Algorithm ◽  
Real World Applications

In the conventional k-means framework, seeding is the first step toward optimization before the objects are clustered. In random seeding, two main issues arise: the clustering results may be less than optimal and different clustering results may be obtained for every run. In real-world applications, optimal and stable clustering is highly desirable. This report introduces a new clustering algorithm called the zero k-approximate modal haplotype (Zk-AMH) algorithm that uses a simple and novel seeding mechanism known as zero-point multidimensional spaces. The Zk-AMH provides cluster optimality and stability, therefore resolving the aforementioned issues. Notably, the Zk-AMH algorithm yielded identical mean scores to maximum, and minimum scores in 100 runs, producing zero standard deviation to show its stability. Additionally, when the Zk-AMH algorithm was applied to eight datasets, it achieved the highest mean scores for four datasets, produced an approximately equal score for one dataset, and yielded marginally lower scores for the other three datasets. With its optimality and stability, the Zk-AMH algorithm could be a suitable alternative for developing future clustering tools.

scholarly journals Aferição do pH de diferentes agentes clareadores indicados para o clareamento intracoronário

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Felipe Besegato ◽  
Gabriela Dos Santos Ribeiro Rocha ◽  
Marlene De Sousa Amorim ◽  
Fabio Martins Salomão ◽  
Daniel Poletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sodium Perborate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Evaluation Time

Objective: to measure pH values of bleaching agents that are indicated to intracoronal bleaching technique in different time intervals. Methods: Each group (G) received five samples (n=5): G1 – distilled water (AD); G2 – hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 30%; G3 – sodium perborate (PbS) + AD; G4 – PbS + H2O2 30%; G5 – sodium percarbonate (PcS) + AD; and G6 – PcS + H2O2 30%. pH values were stated using a digital pHmeter, in different time intervals: immediately after handling (T0), 24 hours (T1) and 168 hours after handling (T2). The results were submitted to statistical analysis through Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests, in this order, allowing multiple comparisons among the groups. To verify the effect of time in each group, Friedman test was applied. Results: In the evaluation of the effect of time in each group, it was observed that G2 presented acid behavior, while the other groups exhibited values close to neutrality or alkaline. Conclusions: H2O2 30% was the only agent that showed acidic behavior in every evaluation time. Meanwhile, PcS + H2O had the highest pH values.

Epitopic characterisation of Turkish bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) isolates using monoclonal antibodies

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yeşilbağ ◽  
I. Burgu
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Epitope Analysis ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Limiting Dilution

In this study, 15 bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (BVDV) isolated from the field in Turkey were characterised for their biotype, cloned and eventually analysed for their epitopic composition in terms of glycoprotein E2. Immunoplaque assay, plaque assay, limiting dilution and streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase techniques were used for biotype characterisation, cloning of cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp) biotypes and epitope analysis, respectively. While 14 out of 15 BVDV isolates were distinguished as ncp biotype, 1 isolate was found to be containing both biotypes (cp + ncp). According to the reactivity patterns of isolates with 15 monoclonal antibodies, 4 different antigenic groups could be formed. There were no antigenic differences between the isolates derived from the same animal with various time intervals. On the other hand, biotype clones isolated from the same animal exhibited difference in one epitope. This is the first study describing antigenic characterisation of BVDV field isolates in Turkey.

Stratigraphic biases in the analysis of taxonomic survivorship

Paleobiology ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. John Sepkoski
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Lognormal Distribution ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Survivorship Analysis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Incomplete Sampling ◽  
Biologic Factors

Taxonomic survivorship curves may reflect stratigraphic as well as biologic factors. The approximately lognormal distribution of lengths of Phanerozoic time intervals produces an error in the estimation of taxonomic durations that is also lognormally distributed. As demonstrated by several simulated examples, this error may cause concave taxonomic survivorship curves to appear linear, especially if the maximum durations involved are relatively short. The error of estimation also makes highly concave taxonomic survivorship curves virtually unrecognizable. Incomplete sampling of the fossil record, on the other hand, may not be a serious problem in survivorship analysis. Simulated paleontological sampling employing a simple model suggests that survivorship curves tend to retain their original shapes even when as few as 20% of the taxa have been discovered. However, concave taxonomic survivorship curves tend to lose their concavity as efficiency of sampling declines.

scholarly journals Assessing Quantitative Criteria for Characterization of Quality Categories for Grafted Watermelon Seedlings

Horticulturae ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippos Bantis ◽  
Athanasios Koukounaras ◽  
Anastasios Siomos ◽  
Georgios Menexes ◽  
Christodoulos Dangitsis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Quality Categories ◽  
Critical Limits ◽  
Experienced Personnel

Vegetable grafting is a practice employed worldwide since it helps prevent biotic and abiotic disorders, and watermelon is one of the most important species grafted. The objective of this study was to set critical limits for the characterization of quality categories for grafted watermelon seedlings. Specifically, watermelon (scion) seedlings were grafted onto squash (rootstock) seedlings, moved into a healing chamber for 7 days, and then transferred into a greenhouse for seven more days. At 7 and 14 days after grafting, experienced personnel assessed grafted seedling quality by categorizing them. The categories derived were Optimum and Acceptable for both time intervals, plus Not acceptable at 14 days after grafting. Optimum seedlings showed greater leaf area, and shoot and root fresh and dry weights at both time intervals. Moreover, they had greater stem diameter, root-to-shoot ratio, shoot dry weight-to-length ratio and Dickson’s quality index compared to the other category at 14 days after grafting. Therefore, Optimum seedlings would likely develop into marketable plants of high quality, with better establishment in the field. Not acceptable seedlings showed considerably inferior development, while Acceptable seedlings were between the other categories, but were still marketable.

P3392Potential of imaging-guided PCI for event suppression in Japanese acute myocardial infarction patients: J-MINUET substudy

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Yamashita ◽  
K Sakamoto ◽  
K Tsujita ◽  
K Nakao ◽  
Y Ozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intravascular Imaging ◽  
Clinical Events ◽  
Coronary Imaging ◽  
Usage Frequency ◽  
Moderate Frequency ◽  
Event Rates

Abstract Background Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has been widely used in clinical settings. Although favorable results of imaging-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with angio-guided PCI were observed in several studies, impacts of institutional-based usage frequency, about imaging-guided PCI, have not been well elucidated. Methods To elucidate the impact of imaging-guided PCI and the effects of frequency of its usage, we analyzed data of the Japanese registry of acute Myocardial INfarction diagnosed by Universal dEfiniTion (J-MINUET). This was a prospective and multicenter registry consisting of 3,283 AMI patients, who were hospitalized within 48 hours of onset from July 2012 to March 2014. Clinical follow-up data was obtained for 3 years. In this sub-study, a total of 2,788 patients who underwent urgent PCI having detailed procedural information were enrolled. We analyzed the differences of utilization rates of imaging-guided PCI among the participating institutions and the impacts for the clinical events. The participating institutions were divided into 3 groups by the frequency of IVUS usage: low frequency institutions: under 50%; moderate frequency institutions: 50% to 90%; and, high frequency institutions: over 90%. Results In this cohort registry, patients were enrolled from 28 institutions. The utilization rate of coronary imaging varied widely depending on each institution from 15.4% to 100% (mean 85.7%±24.3, median 97.4%). When the institutions were divided into 3 groups by the frequency of intravascular imaging usage, four low frequency institutions enrolled 295 patients, five moderate frequency institutions enrolled 624 patients, and 19 high frequency institutions enrolled 1,491 patients. Although the incidence of MACE (death, MI, stroke, cardiac failure, or revascularization for unstable angina) decreased stepwise (33.2%, 23.7%, and 19.7%) (gray bar in the Figure), the event rates of the imaging-guided PCI cases among the 3 groups were comparable (21.6%, 21.9%, and 19.6%) (white bar in the Figure). On the other hand, a gradual event reduction between the 3 groups was observed in the angio-guided PCI cases (black bar in the Figure). In comparison of MACE rate between imaging-guided and angio-guided PCI, there were statistically significant differences in the low frequency and moderate frequency institutions (p=0.001 and p=0.012, respectively). In contrast, comparable event rates were observed in the high frequency institutions (p=0.441). MACE rate by imaging usage frequency Conclusions In Japanese ACS patients treated with imaging-guided PCI, better suppression of clinical events during 3-year was found in the institutions with the more frequent use of intravascular imaging, mainly due to stepwise event suppression in the cases of angio-guided PCI. On the other hand, the clinical benefit of coronary imaging was obtained independently of the frequency of use and its experience.

scholarly journals THE SKIN REACTIONS PRODUCED BY ALTERNATIONS OF HEAT AND X-RAY AT VARIOUS TIME INTERVALS

1931 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Critical Dose

Areas on the abdomen of the same guinea pig were exposed to suberythemal doses of soft X-rays, to heat of an intensity below the critical dose for the production of burns, and to both radiations in sequence with various time intervals between the exposures. The only effect of exposure to X-ray or heat alone was a slight scaling of the skin. The areas exposed to heat and X-radiation developed well-marked and persistent burns when the exposure to one agent was made within 3 hours of the other. Scaling of the skin developed when the exposure to one agent was made 1 day after the other. This scaling was more marked and lasted longer than the scaling produced by either agent alone. The results were the same no matter in which sequence the agents were applied.

scholarly journals Assessing Spatial Accessibility to Hierarchical Urban Parks by Multi-Types of Travel Distance in Shenzhen, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Langjiao Li ◽  
Qingyun Du ◽  
Fu Ren ◽  
Xiangyuan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Travel Distance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Hierarchical Levels

Urban green spaces play a critical role in public health and human wellbeing for urban residents. Due to the uneven spatial distribution of urban green spaces in most of cities, the issue of the disparity between supply and demand has aroused public concern. In a case of Shenzhen, a modified Gaussian-based two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method is adopted to evaluate the disparity between park provision and the demanders in terms of accessibility at hierarchical levels under four types of distance (e.g., Euclidean distance, walking distance, bicycling distance, and driving distance), which is well aligned with hierarchical systems in urban green spaces in urban planning practice. By contrast and correlation analysis, among the four types of distance, the statistical correlations are relatively high between Euclidean distance and the other three. Nonetheless, the pattern of spatial accessibility under different type of travel distance is apparently variant. Accessibility calculated by Euclidean distance is overestimated relative to that of the other three, while the pattern of walking distance and bicycling distance is similar to each other. The choice of type of distance is worthy of caution when evaluating spatial accessibility by 2SFCA method. Results show that the accessibility to parks at all hierarchical levels is high particularly, particularly at the natural level. However, the disparity between the supply and demand is significant. The percentage of communities that have high population density but low park accessibility is over 40% (equivalent to approximately 55% of the population). The finding may provide implications on access to urban greens paces for urban planners and authorities to develop effective planning strategies.

scholarly journals Correction to “On a Class of Hermite-Obreshkov One-Step Methods with Continuous Spline Extension” [Axioms 7(3), 58, 2018]

Axioms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Francesca Mazzia ◽  
Alessandra Sestini
Keyword(s):  
Kepler Problem ◽  
Hamiltonian Function ◽  
First Integrals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
One Step ◽  
Over Time

The authors of the above mentioned paper specify that the considered class of one-step symmetric Hermite-Obreshkov methods satisfies the property of conjugate-symplecticity up to order p + r , where r = 2 and p is the order of the method. This generalization of conjugate-symplecticity states that the methods conserve quadratic first integrals and the Hamiltonian function over time intervals of length O ( h − r ) . Theorem 1 of the above mentioned paper is then replaced by a new one. All the other results in the paper do not change. Two new figures related to the already considered Kepler problem are also added.

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